Name: ______________________________________________
Class: ___________
Form: ___________
REVISION BOOK:
EDEXCEL USA EXAM
2013
The History department wish you all the best on your exams.
Make us proud!
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Glossary: Economic Boom and Society _________________________________________________________________ 1
Why did America Prosper? ______________________________________________________________________________ 2
How did WWI help the ‘Boom’? _________________________________________________________________________ 3
What was the Cycle of Prosperity?______________________________________________________________________ 4
How did America’s entertainment industry develop?_________________________________________________ 5
To what extent was the Roaring 20’s ‘roaring’ for everyone? ________________________________________ 6
Why was Prohibition introduced and why did it fail? _________________________________________________ 7
Why did the US stock market crash? ___________________________________________________________________ 9
Glossary: Crash, Depression and the New Deal _______________________________________________________ 10
How did Farmers suffer in the 1930’s? ________________________________________________________________ 11
Did Hoover do anything to deal with the Depression? _______________________________________________ 12
What happened in the 1932 election? _________________________________________________________________ 13
How did Roosevelt deal with the Depression? ________________________________________________________ 14
What were the Alphabet Agencies?____________________________________________________________________ 15
Who opposed the New Deal and Why? ________________________________________________________________ 17
How did WWII help the American economy? _________________________________________________________ 18
What was the Cycle of Depression? ____________________________________________________________________ 19
Keyword Ding-bats _____________________________________________________________________________________ 20
Exam Technique Guidance 1a) 4 mark question _____________________________________________________ 21
Exam Technique Guidance 1b) 6 mark question _____________________________________________________ 22
Exam Technique Guidance1c) and 1d) 8 mark question _____________________________________________ 23
Useful Websites _________________________________________________________________________________________ 23
Reflection: Self-Assessment ____________________________________________________________________________ 24
Contact Information ____________________________________________________________________________________ 25
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Glossary: Economic Boom and Society
Prosperity
Consumerism
Great Depression
Gangsters
Corruption
FordneyMcCumber Tariff
Melting Pot
Panic Selling
Mass Production
Tariff Policy
Standardization
League of Nations
Failure to ratify the
Treaty of Versailles
Bootlegging
Prohibition
Isolationism
Democrat
Klonversation
President Wilson
Mass production
Tin Lizzy
Volstead Act
Normalcy
Speculation
Ku Klux Klan
Buying on Margin
Jazz
Speakeasies
Unemployment
Cinema
Flappers
Share prices
Unequal
distribution of
wealth
Increased
competition
Palmer Raids
Moonshine
Hire Purchase
Immigration quota
Jim Crow Laws
World War One
WASPS
Sacco and Vanzetti
Anti-Saloon League
18th Amendment to
the Constitution
Starter Task: Read the keywords above. Place a small dot to colour code the terms at the
beginning of your revision;
red = do not know,
amber = heard of but couldn’t confidently define,
green = confident
Focus your revision around those identified as amber and red, this will help you target your
revision. At the end of your revision go back and see if you have progressed in your
understanding and confidence.
Page 1
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Why did America Prosper?
Cause
Impact of WWI
New Industries
Republican
Policies
Mass
Production
Advertisement
Credit
Confidence
Page 2
Details
How it helped the Boom.
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
How did WWI help the ‘Boom’?
Figure 1: Sample exam question
Tariff Policy
World War 1
Mass Production
How and why did the
USA achieve
prosperity in the
1920’s?
Consumer industries
and advertising
Hire Purchase/
Share purchase
Republican
policies
Page 3
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
What was the Cycle of Prosperity?
Decreased price
Mass Production
Consumeris
m
The Car: Model
T
Stimulates
other
economies
Increased
demands
Increased
employment
Increased
employment
Increased
disposable
income
Increased
spending and
Leisure activities
Figure 2: Sample Exam question from June 2012
Page 4
Increased
use of
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
How did America’s entertainment industry develop?
Keywords to include when answering a question on the entertainment industry are:
Leisure time, blues music, 10 million homes had radios by 1929, sports developed, baseball, boxing,
travelling to matches, dancing, Charleston, tango, 110 million people to the cinema each week, talkies,
Rudolph Valentino, Hollywood, crazes.
Page 5
Jazz
Radio
Cinema
Clubs
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
To what extent was the Roaring 20’s ‘roaring’ for everyone?
Did everyone benefit during the roaring 20’s? Research those who did not benefit and explain why.
Groups that
DID NOT benefit
Immigrants
Explanation
Blacks
Farmers
Groups that
DID benefit
Business Owners
Explanation
Women
Young people
Black Musicians
Figure 3: Exam question June 2012
Page 6
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Why was Prohibition introduced and why did it fail?
PROHIBITION: Prohibition was introduced in 1919. It meant the illegal sale and consumption of alcohol.
Why was it introduced?
Campaign Groups – Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Anti-Saloon League
It was believed to be linked to domestic violence
Racism/Prejudice: -drinkers accused of being unpatriotic
Beer was associated with the ‘Hun’ Germany so after the First World War there was a
rejection of foreign alcohol.
Economic: - Alcohol made workers less reliable with reduced production and increased absenteeism
The Volstead Act
WHY DID PROHIBITION FAIL?
Use each topic as a start point and develop each to showyour depth of understanding.
Social
•Gangsters and
organised
crime
Social
Social:
•Health
•Speakeasies
Prohibition
Political:
•Corruption
Page 7
Economic
•income of
brewery
transferred
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Figure 4: Exam question June 2012
Figure 5: Exam question January 2013
Page 8
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Why did the US stock market crash?
Why did the USA enter a Depression? In October 1929 the Wall Street Crash happened bringing about an
end to prosperity. You must be able to offer MULTI-CAUSAL REASONING for why this happened. THIS
ENDED THE ROARING 20s!
Overproduction
Speculations
Tariffs
Panic selling
Unequal distribution
of wealth
Figure 6: Above: Sample exam question Jan 2011. Below: Sample 16 mark question June 2012
Page 9
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Glossary: Crash, Depression and the New Deal
Economic Boom
Hoover
New Deal
Home Owners Loan
Corporation
Social Security Act
Fireside chats
Unemployment
Alphabet Agencies
Democrat
Overproduction
Hoover Dam
Federal Emergency
Relief Administration
Conscription
Emergency Banking
Relief Act
Agricultural Adjustment
Act
Civilian Conservation
Corps
Taxation
Lend-Lease
Republican
Banking Crisis
Cycle of Depression
Rugged individualism
Share croppers
Over-farming
Share our Wealth
Campaign
Bread and Soup Queues
Dr Townsend
Boondoggle jobs
Works Progress
Administration
Depression
Bankrupt
Roosevelt
Black Thursday
Supreme Court
National |Recovery
Administration
Reconstruction Finance
Cooperation
Do-Nothing President
Congress
Hoovervilles
Huey Long
Opposition
Laissez Faire
Wagner Act
Bonus Army
Starter Task: Read the keywords above. Place a small dot to colour code the terms at the beginning of your
revision;
red = do not know,
amber = heard of but couldn’t confidently define,
green = confident
Focus your revision around those identified as amber and red, this will help you target your revision. At
the end of your revision go back and see if you have progressed in your understanding and confidence.
Page 10
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
How did Farmers suffer in the 1930’s?
Income on farms dropped 60%
Still suffering from overproduction during the 1920s – prices were low so little profit
Over-farming had led to soil becoming INFERTILE in Iowa. This created a DUST BOWL!
Could not afford to pay mortgages and lost their farms.
Farm workers lost jobs
1 million people travelling around looking for work
Figure 7: Above Sample 8 mark question.
Figure 8: Exam question January 2011
Page 11
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Did Hoover do anything to deal with the Depression?
He did something
 He offered $4,000 million for
major building projects to
create jobs (Hoover Dam)
He did not do enough
 He believed in laissez faire –
so did very little to help
economic recovery
 He cut taxes to try to
encourage people to spend
 He believed in Rugged
Individualism
 Bought up farmers produce
for more than it was worth
 Created the Emergency Relief
Act - $300 million to states
 Set up Reconstruction Finance
Corporation – loans to
businesses
HOWEVER – his solutions were short term and had little impact!
Figure 9: Exam January 2013
Page 12
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
What happened in the 1932 election?
Reasons why Roosevelt won
Promised a New Deal for all Americans
Promised to resolve the banking crisis
Strong political record – Mayor of New
York
Strong election campaign – toured all
the states
Reasons why Hoover lost
He was a republican – he was associated
with the economic collapse because of
laissez faire
He was seen as the ‘do nothing president’ –
his weak policy had not helped the
depression
His policies were very short terms and
unsuccessful
Negative transference
Sample Question:
Study Figure 10. What does this source
suggest about presidential election of
1932?
(4 marks)
Figure 10
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REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
How did Roosevelt deal with the Depression?
Fireside Chats
What were they?
What did they intend to
do?
Resolved the Banking
Crisis
What was the problem
with the banks?
The New Deal
What was planned in the
lame duck months? The
first 100 days?
What was teh Emergency
Banking Relief Act?
What would be created?
Were they successful?
Figure 11: Exam question January 2013
Page 14
How did Roosevelt restore
confidence?
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
What were the Alphabet Agencies?
AAA
CCC
NRA
PWA
WPA
• Name:
• Name:
• Name:
• Name:
• Name:
• Goal:
• Goal:
• Goal:
• Goal:
• Goal:
• Method:
• Method:
• Method:
• Method:
• Method:
• Judgement
• Judgement
• Judgement
• Judgement
• Judgement
HOLC:
SSA:
Categories each of the agencies into the following
categories; relief, recovery and reform. Additionally,
Page 15
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
some agencies were created in the second New Deal. Make sure you know when they
were created.
Figure 12: Exam question June 2012
Figure 13: Exam question January 2011
Page 16
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Who opposed the New Deal and Why?
Opposition can be divided into two main sections; those who thought the New Deal did too much and those
who thought it did too little.
Huey Long
Republicans
Supreme Court
Black people
Figure 15: Exam question January 2013
Figure 14: Exam question June 2012
Page 17
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
How did WWII help the American economy?
Lend-Lease
Women joined
labour force
Conscription
Migration to the
northern
Page 18
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
What was the Cycle of Depression?
Figure 16: Sample Exam question Jan 2013
Page 19
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Keyword Ding-bats
Page 20
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Exam Technique Guidance 1a) 4 mark question
Simples!
Okay, so this should be one of the easiest type of question on our exam. A nice,
simple 4 mark question. All the examiner wants is you to make inferences
and support with quotes from the source. To score good marks make two
inferences with supporting quotes from the source.
in·fer·ence
Noun
1. A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.
2. The process of reaching such a conclusion: "order, health, and by inference cleanliness".
Synonyms: conclusion - deduction - illation - consequence
Sample Question:
Study Source A. What does this source suggest about the importance of the motor car in 1920’s
USA?
(4 marks)
Source A
The car helped the cities by opening up the suburbs. It carried its owners to and from their
entertainments. It carried boyfriends and girlfriends beyond the moral gaze of their parents. It took
Americans on an increasing range of sporting events, holidays, shopping trips or simply to visit family and
friends.
From a History book published in 1996.
Sample Answer:
 The above answer would get 4
marks; it makes two inferences (bolded
in the answer) and supports it with
selected quotes from the source.
 Sample mark scheme to help
you understand the level of detail
required to achieve different levels
Page 21
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Exam Technique Guidance 1b) 6 mark question
For this question type EdExcel want you to:
 Make three separate points
 Support each of them with some ‘recalled’ –that means remembered- own knowledge
Skill:
de·scribe
Verb
1. Give an account in words of (someone or something), including all the relevant characteristics, qualities,
or events.
2. Indicate; denote.
Synonyms: depict - delineate - portray - picture - represent
Sample Question:
1b) Describe the key features of Prohibition.
(6 marks)
Quick Tips: In order to make the most out of your answer, write three mini paragraphs; each paragraph
should identify and develop a separate point..
Sample Answer:
Page 22
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Exam Technique Guidance1c) and 1d) 8 mark question
This question depends on your ability to discuss a multi-factoral/multi-causal answer. You need to add
recalled knowledge and show the link between cause/consequence.
Skill:
ex·plain
Verb
1. Make (an idea, situation, or problem) clear to someone by describing it in more detail or revealing
relevant facts or ideas.
2. Account for (an action or event) by giving a reason as excuse or justification.
Synonyms: interpret - expound - elucidate - explicate – clarify
Sample Question:
1c) Explain the results of the Great Depression for the American people.
(8 marks)
1d) Explain why US industry did so well after the First World War.
(8 marks)
Formatting Considerations:
 You need to add some recalled knowledge
 You need to show the link between cause/consequence and the feature
 You need to do this twice
 For top marks you need to link your two causes/consequences, or say which is the more important
Useful Websites
Page 23
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Reflection: Self-Assessment
a) How confident are you feeling about your content knowledge of this topic?
(5 being high, 0 being low)
0
1
2
3
4
5
b) How confident are you feeling about your knowledge of exam style techniques?
(5 being high, 0 being low)
0
1
2
3
4
c) Identify one area for improvement. This will be your target for
your revision so please make sure it is a SMART target.
Thank you for all your hard work! It will pay off during your exams.
Page 24
5
REVISION: AMERICA 1919-1941
Contact Information
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
TEACHER OF HISTORY
TEACHER OF HISTORY
Email address
Email address
Email address
JRRhodes@caldew.cumbria.sch.
uk
Allanjames@caldew.cumbria.sch.
uk
office@caldew.cumbria.sch.uk
Page 25