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The subjunctive is a verb mood, not a tense.
The indicative is also a verb mood.
Therefore, we will be working with 2 present
tenses.
◦ The present indicative
◦ The present subjunctive
◦ Start with the Yo form, present indicative
◦ Drop the Yo ending (o, oy)
◦ Reverse the endings
 Ar verbs will use –e endings as the new ending to the stem
 Er/Ir verbs will use –a endings as the new ending to the stem
◦ Hablar  Hablo  Habl  hable, hables, hable,
hablemos, hablen
◦ Comer  Como  Com  coma, comas, coma,
comamos, coman
◦ Decir  Digo  Dig  diga, digas, diga, digamos, digan
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If the verb has a stem-change in the yo form,
you still include that stem-change in the
subjunctive, except in Nosotros, unless….
Unless it is an –ir stem-changing verb, then
you make a one-letter stem-change in the
nosotros form.
◦ Dormir  durmamos
Pedir  pidamos
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Any spelling change will affect all conjugations,
including nosotros.
Verbs ending in –car will change to qu
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Verbs ending in –gar will change to gu
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Verbs ending in –zar will change to c
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Verbs ending in –ger will change to j
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Verbs ending in –guir will change to g
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◦ Sacar  saque
◦ Llegar  llegue
◦ Organizar  organice
◦ Proteger  proteja
◦ Extinguir  extinga
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Estar
◦ esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén
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Ir
◦ vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan
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Ser
◦ sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean
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Dar
◦ dé, des, dé, demos, den
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Saber
◦ sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan
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These 3 rules for the subjunctive will apply
most of the time. There are always exceptions
you will have to learn.
1. There will be 2 independent clauses in the
sentence. (usually separated by que)
2. Each clause will have a different subject.
3. One clause (usually the first) will contain a
phrase or word that requires the subjunctive
use in the other clause.