Lecture Notes-Comparative Animal Nutrition
A.P. Biology-Mr. Rabold
Fill in the question marks below. Italicized words are word you should know.
I. Feeding Mechanisms
a. Holotrophs-Organisms that ingest other organisms.Define and give examples
i. Herbivores-?
ii. Carnivores-?
iii. Omnivores-?
iv. Detritivores-?
b. Sources of food ingestion-Define and give example of each.
i. Suspension feeders-?
ii. Substrate feeders-?
iii. Deposit feeders-?
iv. Fluid feeders-?
v. Bulk feeders-?
II. Comparative Digestion-Digestion is the breaking down of food into small molecules
that the body can use (absorb). Enzymes break down macromolecules into monomers.
a. Enzymatic Hydrolysis-? What is this?
i. Usually preceeded by mechanical digestion-What does this do?
ii. Chemicals (enzymes), with the help of water, then facilitate the breaking of
food bonds (hydrolysis)
iii. Occurs in specialized compartments as to not damage own cells. How does
your stomach acid not burn holes in your stomach?
iv. What happens to the undigested/unneeded materials?
b. Intracellular digestion-Digestion in cells w/o digestive enzymes mixing with
cytoplasm
i. Protozoans (i.e. paramecium or amoeba)-Food vacuoles and lysosomes fuse.
ii. Sponges- Food vacuoles and lysosomes fuse, then food is distributed to other
cells of sponge -Explain this fully in lab.
iii. Compare this method toextracellular digestion.
c. Digestion in Gastrovascular cavities-Digestive sac with one opening…. How does
this work? Explain fully in lab.
i. Hydra as an example
d. Digestion in anAlimentary Canal-A tube with 2 openings… this is what we
have!!!
i. What are two benefits of this type of setup?
1. ?
2. ?