REVIEW GUIDE #2
UNIT 2: DIGESTION, ENERGY AND HEALTHY EATING
NAME:________________________________
PART I: ORGANISMS AND ENERGY
1. Explain how a calorimeter works (internet research or textbook Focus On p. 54)
2. Where is chemical energy found?
3. Why must a chemical reaction occur for organisms to use energy?
4. What is free energy?
5. Give 2 examples of free energy use.
6. What are 3 reasons why cells need a constant source of free energy?
7. Define chemical work and give an example.
8. Define transport work and give an example.
9. Define mechanical work and give an example.
10. What are nutrients?
11. What is the difference between a heterotroph and an autotroph?
12. What is the difference between photosynthesis and chemosynthesis?
13. Give an example of a photosynthetic autotroph.
14. Give an example of a chemosynthetic autotroph.
15. Etymology (p. 55). Give the meanings of the following prefixes:
a. Heterob. Autoc. Photod. Chemo16. What does –troph mean?
17. Describe the two laws of thermodynamics IN YOUR OWN words, and illustrate an original example (do
not use an example from the book) of an organism applying the laws of thermodynamics.
Part II: ENZYMES, ENERGY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS
1. What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?
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2. Which class of organic molecules do enzymes belong to?
3. What is a catalyst?
4. Why are all catalysts not classified as enzymes?
5. What do we call the area on the enzyme where it attaches to the substrate?
6. What do we call the material that the enzyme acts on?
7. What do we call the model of enzyme action shown in Figure 2.13 (textbook)?
8. Which molecule is unchanged in the reaction shown in Figure 2.13 (textbook)?
9. List 2 factors that affect enzyme reactions:
10. How many enzyme reactions are occurring each minute in every cell of your body?
11. What is metabolism?
12. Distinguish between synthesis and decomposition:
13. Give 3 examples of biosynthesis molecules:
14. Which type of reaction requires input of free energy?
15. Which type of reaction releases free energy for the cell to use?
Part III: ENERGY TRANSFER AND ATP
16. Distinguish between oxidation and reduction (see Focus On p. 64 in textbook).
17. Relate oxidation and reduction to synthesis and decomposition.
18. Name the molecule in the cell that captures free energy for use by the cell.
19. Name the parts of the ATP molecule.
20. How is energy released from ATP?
21. What is ADP?
22. How is ATP formed from ADP?
23. How are guanosine triphosphate and uridine triphosphate related to energy flow in the cell?
24. How is ATP used to support the theory of evolution?
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Part IV: DIGESTION
1. What is the difference between extracellular and intracellular digestion? Give an example of an
organism which uses each type.
2. What is the function of saliva?
3. What is the difference between the epiglottis and the trachea?
4. Outline the order that food moves through your digestive system: (start with the mouth and end with the
anus)
5. Explain the role of enzymes in digestion.
6. Give an example of 3 digestive enzymes and the molecule each enzyme acts upon.
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