Pembelajaran Berasaskan Otak
Pembelajaran Berasaskan Otak
– Terbit daripada Neuroscience & Konstructivism
– Satu pendekatan berdasarkan kehendak
pelajar
– Bermula pada tahun 1980s
– Berkembang 1990’s :
„ Fizik
„ Emosi
„ Farmakologi
„ Pendidikan
12 Prinsip Pembelajaran
Berasaskan Otak
Pembelajaran Berasaskan Otak
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Learning is enhanced by challenge,
inhibited by threat.
„ Our brains actually expand or shut down certain
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Pembelajaran Berasaskan Otak
functions based on the presence of challenge or
threat.
The more complex the challenge and the safer the
social and psychological environment, the greater
the learning.
Pembelajaran Berasaskan Otak
Learning involves both focused
attention and peripheral perception.
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Emotions are linked to cognition;
they are the gatekeeper to intellect.
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Emotions flavor or color each experience, making us
want more or less of that experience.
There should be an environment that is positive,
challenging, respectful and engaging -- where
“inquiring minds want to know!”
„ We absorb everything but attend to that which is
novel, out-of-the-ordinary, different, or personally
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important.
Active processing occurs when we employ questions
that foster metacognition, reflection and creative
expression.
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Pembelajaran Berasaskan Otak
„
The brain processes parts to whole
simultaneously.
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Spatial processing - synthesizing small
pieces of information to derive larger global
relationships - happens left to right across
the brain.
Pembelajaran Berasaskan Otak
The search for meaning occurs
through patterning.
„ The brain’s goal is to invest information
with personal meaning through making
and detecting patterns based on what
we already know or have experienced.
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Pembelajaran Berasaskan Otak
Each brain is unique.
„ Each person’s brain matures differently,
and brain size and weight can vary by
as much as 50 percent among people of
normal intelligence.
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Pembelajaran Berasaskan Otak
Learning is social and embedded in
experience.
„ Social interactions can actually change
the functioning of our brains through
solidifying our beliefs, challenging our
perceptions, testing our assumptions,
and fine-tuning the way we interact with
others,
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Pembelajaran Berasaskan Otak
„
The brain has a rote memory
system (explicit) and a spatial
memory system (implicit).
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The brain is a parallel processor.
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Learning engages the entire
physiology; it needs food & water.
Pembelajaran Berasaskan Otak
„
The search for meaning is innate.
„
Learning involves unconscious and
conscious processing.
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Teaching with the Brain
in Mind
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Reflective work
Positive support
Cues, prompts
Accountability
Responsibility
Artistic touch
Relationships
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Avoid conflict
Chunking
High interest
Activity
Movement
Constant feedback
Regroup
Repetition
“The brain doesn’t need to be
motivated to learn any more than
the heart needs to be motivated to
pump blood.”
Leslie Hart
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