Government of Nepal
Ministry of Physical Planning and Works
Earthquake Risk Reduction and Recovery Preparedness
Programme for Nepal
(UNDP/ ERRRP-Project: NEP/07/010)
Report of the Training Program
on
Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting
and Recovery Preparedness for Municipal Engineers
in Pokhara
July 19 – 22, 2009
In association with
Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City and UNDP/ERRRP-Project
Prepared By:ll
UNDP/ERRRP Project
August 2009
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................................................... i
Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.0 Training Outline ...................................................................................................................................... 2
2.0 Objective and Purpose of the Training Program..................................................................................... 2
3.0 Time Duration: ........................................................................................................................................ 2
4.0 Participants ............................................................................................................................................. 3
5.0 Course Design Concept ........................................................................................................................... 3
6.0 List of Resource Persons ......................................................................................................................... 4
7.0 Training Proceedings ............................................................................................................................... 5
7.1 Inauguration Session ........................................................................................................................... 5
7.2 Expectation ......................................................................................................................................... 6
7.3 Tools and Training Aids ....................................................................................................................... 7
7.4 Course Methodology........................................................................................................................... 7
7.5 Class Lectures ...................................................................................................................................... 8
8.0 Execution Arrangements....................................................................................................................... 15
9.0 Feedbacks from the participants / Evaluations .................................................................................... 15
10.0 Valedictory / Closing Session .............................................................................................................. 19
11.0 Output of the Training ........................................................................................................................ 22
Appendix A: Detail Course Schedule ........................................................................................................... 23
Appendix B: Participants Details ................................................................................................................. 24
Appendix C: Photographs............................................................................................................................ 25
Appendix D: Participant Attendance Sheet ................................................................................................ 28
Appendix E: Resource Person Attendance Sheet ....................................................................................... 29
Appendix F: Registration List in Inauguration Ceremony ........................................................................... 30
Appendix G: Training Expectation and Evaluation Sheet............................................................................ 31
Appendix H: Presentation Materials ........................................................................................................... 32
Appendix I: Copy of Certificate ................................................................................................................... 33
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express my gratitude to all those, whose support enabled us to complete the
training program on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery
Preparedness for Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara and preparing training report for the same.
We are grateful to Mr. Suresh Prakash Acharya, National Programme Director, UNDP/ERRRP
Project and Joint Secretary, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works for his presence in opening
ceremony of the training program and of course for providing us with suggestions and guidance
which have been a valuable conducting training.
We would like to take this opportunity to extend sincere thanks to Mr. Masato Ohori, Senior
Researcher from Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC), Kobe, Japan, Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali
from Peshawar University, Pakistan, Mr. Hiroshi Imai, Research Specialist, Building Research
Institute (BRI), Japan, for their valuable presentations and sharing unsurpassed knowledge of
retrofitting technique to the participants
We have furthermore to thank Mr. Tilak Poudel, Chief Executive Officer, Pokhara Sub
Metropolitan City, Mr. Shyam Jee Bastola, Civil Engineer and focal person of UNDP/ERRRP
Project from Pokhara Sub Metropolitan City, Mr. Lekh Bahadur Gurung, Principal of Pokhara
Engineering College, municipal members, resource persons, NEA members and participants who
has confirmed and supported to go ahead with the training. We would like to thank to municipal
technicians and staff for coordinating all necessary activities that facilitated for timely
arrangement of the programme
We thank UNDP/ERRRP project team for their support on completion of the training programme
Chandra Laxmi Hada
Project Engineer / Training Coordinator
UNDP/ERRRP-Project
Email: clhada@errrp.org.np
Amrit Man Tuladhar
Senior Divisional Engineer
Department of Urban Development and
Building Construction
and
National Programme Manager
UNDP/ERRRP-Project
Email: amritmtuladhar@yahoo.com
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Executive Summary
Earthquake Risk Reduction and Recovery Preparedness (ERRRP) program was initiated by
UNDP/BCPR (Bureau of Crisis Prevention and Recovery) with the support of government of
Japan. This being a National Implementation (NIM) project of UNDP, the implementation
responsibility of the project is Ministry of Physical Planning & Works, Department of Urban
Development & Building Construction (DUDBC). Therefore, UNDP/ERRRP project has been
continuously strengthening the Earthquake Risk Reduction Management capacity of its selected
municipalities in 5 development regions of Nepal since April 2008. The project focuses on
capacity building programme through training, sensitize people and giving awareness as well as
establishing linkages with partners at different levels for earthquake disaster mitigation to transfer
the technology of earthquake resistant construction to reduce the impact of potential earthquakes
and respond to disasters more effectively in Nepal.
The project includes retrofitting of public buildings to disseminate the knowledge that seismic
retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic
activity due to earthquakes and for demonstration to communities. With better understanding of
seismic demand on structures and with our recent experiences with large earthquakes, the need of
seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged. Retrofitting is not simple as new construction, has to
work on existing structure without affecting other elements. Retrofitting may also refer to the
process of strengthening older buildings in order to make them earthquake resistant. It is
important to keep in mind that there is no such thing as an earthquake-proof structure, although
seismic performance can be greatly enhanced through proper initial design or subsequent
modifications. So before doing the retrofitting works, the training program related to vulnerability
assessment, retrofitting and recovery preparedness is planned to organize in one of the program
municipalities (Pokhara) where all the 5 municipal engineers were participated.
Accordingly, with the joint effort of ERRRP and Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City had conducted
the four days training program on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and
Recovery Preparedness for 35 numbers of municipal engineers” from July 19 - 22, 2009 in
Pokhara. The goal is to protect human life, ensuring that the structure will not collapse upon its
occupants or passersby, and that the structure can be safely exited during earthquake. The
principal aim of the course is to create awareness about seismic hazards on structural system
among the participants and provide basic knowledge on retrofitting design and re-strengthening
of structural integrities.
UNDP/ERRRP ‐ Project
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
1.0 Training Outline
The Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City and United Nation Development Programme / Earthquake
Risk Reduction and Recovery Preparedness Programme for Nepal jointly organized training
program on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” at Hotel Pokhara Grande in Pokhara on July 19 - 22, 2009. A total of 35
participants were attended in the program out of which 1 was female.
2.0 Objective and Purpose of the Training Program
The principal aim of the course is to create awareness about seismic hazards on structural system
among the participants and provide basic knowledge on retrofitting design and re-strengthening
of structural integrities. The objectives of the training programme are:
¾ To familiarize with Seismic Vulnerable Assessment / Retrofitting of Buildings
¾ Find out the buildings vulnerable against earthquake
¾ To familiarize with different options of retrofitting design and select most appropriate
option for Masonry and RC Frame building
¾ To aware on different available construction technologies for seismic retrofitting.
¾ To familiarize with the municipal profile, impact of settlement pattern, land use practice
and option in high risk areas of municipalities for recovery preparedness
¾ To familiarize with existing government and municipal policies on earthquake risk
reduction, preparedness and response hence support for implementation of NBC
¾ To share the experiences and research from earthquake prone countries like Japan and
Pakistan
¾ To make involvement during the actual retrofitting works and help to enhance the
theoretical knowledge gained during this training.
¾ To institutionalize the training and continuing education on earthquake safe construction
3.0 Time Duration:
The duration of the training period was 4 days which held completely from July 19 - 22, 2009 in
Pokhara Sub Metropolitan City.
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
4.0 Participants
The training was attended by 35 engineers who are engaged in design and construction of
buildings in the municipalities. All the participants of the training program were technical persons
of varying level. Capacity building and training of engineers of municipal members was called by
issuing letter to different concerned departments through Hetauda Municipality and
UNDP/ERRRP Project. Participants from Lekhnath Municipality, Biratnagar Sub Metropolitan
city, Dhangadhi Municipality, Hetauda Municipality, DUDBC – Kathmandu, DUDBC / Kaski
Divisional Office, DUDBC / Kailali Divisional Office, DUDBC / Surkhet Divisional Office,
DUDBC / Morang Divisional Office, BTRTC/DUDBC - Hetauda, Pokhara Sub Metropolitan
City, Pokhara Valley Town Development Committee, NEA Pokhara Regional Center and
Engineering Colleges, Institute of Engineering, and Consultants / Designers from Pokhara were
attended. Out of 35 participants, 1 was female participants and rests 34 were men attended the
programme. In covering the gender issues, Bhramin = 14, Kshetris = 12, Janjati = 8, and
Madhesi = 2 were attended in the program. A list of participants and their details has been
attached in Appendix B.
5.0 Course Design Concept
According to the field visit and municipal level meeting in 5 programme municipalities, the
participants of meeting felt the necessary of various training and awareness programme on
earthquake risk reduction and preparedness. From the discussion with municipal technicians and
staffs, the focal persons of UNDP/ERRRP Project filled up the “training need assessment form”
and prioritize trainings accordingly. On the basis of that need assessment and further discussions
with focal persons and request from the municipality, we analyzed the need of trainings for
engineers and architects on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery
Preparedness.
In the past experiences several destructive earthquakes caused extensive damage to lives and
property. Learning from the past and recent earthquakes, reinforced concrete as well as masonry
structures should be designed according to the requirements of the state of art of earthquake
engineering. In general most of the existing structures particularly non-engineered as well as
engineered structures merely by suffer severe damages during earthquake. For a seismically
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
vulnerable country like Nepal, to mitigate the problems due to pre and post disaster, retrofit and
re-strengthening of structural integrity is now quite essential. With this aim and objectives, the
training will be provided by the experts from Japan, Pakistan and Nepal. The course has covered
in such a way that will increase awareness and enhance the theoretical knowledge on
vulnerability assessment, seismic retrofitting and recovery preparedness.
The course covered the technique to find out the buildings vulnerable against earthquake,
different options of safe construction design and retrofitting technique. The course also covers the
municipal earthquake vulnerability profile and recovery preparedness including the plan of
program municipalities studied by the consultant. Participants are trained for the effective
implementation of retrofitting technique focusing on earthquake resistant design of buildings to
promote economic, safe house building aimed at reducing human losses from natural disasters
like earthquakes.
6.0 List of Resource Persons
The technical and overall coordination was provided by Mr. Amrit Man Tuladhar, Senior
Divisional Engineer, DUDBC / National Programme Manager, UNDP/ERRRP Project and Ms.
Chandra Laxmi Hada, Project Engineer and Training Coordinator of UNDP/ERRRP Project. The
Resource Persons for the training program were:
S. No
Resource Person / Speaker
1.
Mr. Amrit Man Tuladhar
2.
Mr. Manohar Raj Rajbhandari
Designation /Organization
Senior Divisional Engineer, DUDBC / National
Programme Manager, UNDP/ERRRP Project
Managing Director, MRB & Associates
3.
Mr. Deepak Manandhar
Civil Engineer, MRB & Associates
4.
Mr. Ram Bahadur Shrestha
Managing Director, BDA Nepal (P.) Limited
5.
Mr. Anish Joshi
Managing Director, Genesis Consultancy
6.
Dr. Jib Raj Pokharel
Professor, Institute of Engineering, NCDM
7.
Mr. Ajay Chandra Lal
8.
Mr. Hiroshi Imai
9.
Mr. Masato Ohori
10.
Dr. Qaisar Ali
Civil Engineer / Urban Planner, NCDM
Research Specialist, Building Research Institute
(BRI), Japan
Senior Researcher, Asian Disaster Reduction Center
(ADRC), Kobe, Japan
Professor /Director, Peshawar University, Pakistan
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
7.0 Training Proceedings
7.1 Inauguration Session
At Inauguration, Mr. Purna Bahadur Gurung, Acting Chief Executive Officer of Pokhara Sub
Metropolitan City, Mr. Suresh Prakash Acharya, Joint Secretary, MoPPW and National Program
Director of UNDP/ERRRRP Project, Mr. Amrit Man Tuladhar, Senior Division Engineer of
DUDBC and National Program Manager of UNDP/ERRRRP Project, Ms. Chandra Laxmi Hada,
Project Engineer and Training Coordinator of UNDP/ERRRP Project, Mr. Lekh Bahadur Gurung,
Principal of Pokhara Engineering College, Chairman of NEA Pokhara Regional center and
Chairman of Society of Engineering Consultants (SECON), Mr. Masato Ohori, Senior Researcher
from Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC), Kobe, Japan, Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali from Peshawar
University, Pakistan Mr. Hiroshi Imai, Research Specialist, Building Research Institute (BRI),
Japan, Mr. Narayan Silwal, Leutinant Colonel, Mr. Krishna Prasad Nepal, Chief of Irrigation
Department, Mr. Shyam Jee Bastola, Civil Engineer- PSMC and Focal Person of UNDP/ERRRP
Project, Participants and Media persons were attended.
Ms. Chandra Laxmi Hada facilitated the master of ceremony and delivered welcome address to
the participants.
Speaking at the program Mr. Amrit Man Tuladhar highlighted the training objectives and gave
the brief information of ERRRP Project. He mentioned about the important of the retrofitting
training and recovery preparedness after earthquake.
The training program was started lighting the Panas by chief guest, Mr. Suresh Prakash Acharya.
Mr. Lekh Bahadur Gurung said the Nepal National Building Code (NBC) was established in 1994
and was enacted only in 2003. But the implementation is limited to a few municipalities only.
This is because of the lack of public awareness, lack of institutional mechanism for
implementation and insufficient capacity of implementing authorities. Engineers are directly
responsible for safety, health and welfare of the people. He insisted to implement NBC as soon as
possible.
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Mr. Masato Ohori explained about the reason of his visit in Nepal as a technical assistance. He
acknowledged that ADRC invited Prof. Qaisal Ali and Mr. Hiroshi Imai for the pull down test of
existing building situated in Bhainsepati, Lalitpur to check vulnerability and weakness.
Mr. Narayan Silwal stressed that the basic infrastructures of urban areas are really pathetic. The
soil bearing capacity of Pokhara Valley seems weak so through this training significant output is
expected from the training.
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali felt our country Nepal is same like his country Pakistan with same culture
and people. He has shared the different buildings retrofitted in Pakistan and Japan and the results
of it.
Mr. Suresh Prakash Acharya expressed that capacity building of institutions and local bodies are
really necessary. He shared that disaster is in 3 phases’ viz. Pre disaster, during disaster and post
disaster. Retrofitting is not simple as new construction and completely new technology that has to
work on existing structure without affecting other elements. He has expected from the
participants that get idea and enhance knowledge through training and disseminate information
whatever learned to others.
7.2 Expectation
The participants were requested to fill-in their expectation from the training program in the
“Training Expectation Sheet” before starting the technical session. Upon completion of the fill-in
process, the forms were collected and a rapid review of their expectation was made by the
resource persons and the training coordinator so that their request could be accommodated in the
training course at the time of training itself. Findings on the expectations of the participants are
that they were desirous to have knowledge on the following topics as expressed by them in the
“Training Expectation Sheet”:
¾ Knowledge on earthquake vulnerability in world and Nepal,
¾ Retrofitting technology and techniques
¾ Information of preparedness for earthquake disasters
¾ Information of vulnerability assessment of buildings to local level
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
¾ Share and gain knowledge and experiences from foreign instructors who are specialist in
earthquake resistant design buildings
¾ Share knowledge gained by the training to others in different field
¾ Familiar with the seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings
¾ Acquire knowledge regarding vulnerability assessment of buildings / retrofitting of
existing building
¾ Gain idea about disaster preparedness
¾ Share idea from case studies of the experts.
¾ Vulnerability assessment in urban as well as rural areas
¾ Cost occurs in retrofitting work.
¾ Sharing of experiences from experts and how to implement building code of Nepal.
After quick review of the expectations from the participants, the resource persons reported to the
trainees that most of the topics have already been included in the training course. However, since
the course is a basic level one to familiarize with seismic vulnerable assessment / retrofitting
of buildings, find out the buildings vulnerable against earthquake, familiarize with different
options of retrofitting design and select most appropriate option for Masonry and RC Frame
building and aware on different available construction technologies for seismic retrofitting, it
would not be possible to accommodate in detail design in such training.
7.3 Tools and Training Aids
The photocopy of the handouts / Reading Materials, ERRRP bag, Note Copy, required
stationeries and IEC materials were provided before starting the class lectures. The photocopy of
the handouts was distributed to participants for reference.
7.4 Course Methodology
The format of the teaching was basically power point presentation by the resource person
followed by interactive discussion in each session.
¾ Lectures / Presentations
¾ Case studies
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
o Retrofitting Building at Biratnagar, Hetauda, Pokhara, Surkhet, Dhangadhi and
some other project
o Municipal Earthquake Vulnerability Profile and Recovery Preparedness – EQ
Vulnerability Profiles of Pokhara, Dhangadhi and Hetauda
¾ Question/Answer
¾ Sharing of Experiences from Japan, Pakistan and Nepal
The lectures were followed as per the training schedule by the resource persons. (Refer Annex A)
7.5 Class Lectures
Day 1: July 19, 2009
In the first session of the first day of the workshop, the participants were introduced to Course
overview, objective of the training and brief about ERRRP project.
Mr. Amrit Man Tuladhar from UNDP/ERRRP project gave the deliberation on
Concept of Seismic Strengthening / Retrofitting of Building
¾ Seismic Strengthening
¾ Why Seismic Retrofitting
¾ Retrofit or Reconstruct
¾ Why buildings fail in an earthquake?
¾ Steps for identification of Deficiency
o Site Visit & collection of data
o Load path check, Soft storey
o Mass irregularities, Short column
o RC jacketing of column
o Addition of new structural element
¾ Seismic Strengthening method
o Retrofitting strategies and measures
¾ Case studies of Seismic Retrofitting
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Mr. Hiroshi Imai from Building Research Institute (BRI), Japan deliberated on:
Safe Construction Design and Retrofitting Techniques (Bridge between Engineering Research
and Construction Works)
¾ The most of life loss in past earthquake has occurred due to the collapse of buildings in
Bhuj, India 2001, Bam, Iran 2003, Kashmir, Pakistan 2004, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2006
¾ Type of masonry structure
¾ Socio-Economic considerations for seismic safety of buildings
¾ Building behavior during Earthquake
¾ The full scale shaking table test in NIED, JAPAN
o 1st experiment: 2007 Pakistan model in Japan
o Examples: Demo-Model in Bam, IRAN
o Strengthening Method: Example: Construction in Bam, Iran, Nepal and India
Prof. Dr. Qaisar Ali from Peshawar University, Pakistan deliberated on
Case Studies on Retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Structures
¾ Brief Introduction of EEC
o Existing facilities at the center
¾ Research at EEC
o Research on stone masonry, research on timber frame dhajji, research on brick
masonry, quasi-static test on masonry walls and training/awareness
¾ Basic concept of Retrofitting
o Simple repair, retrofitting repair, strengthening vs retrofitting and retrofitting
techniques
¾ Steps in a Standard Retrofitting exercise
o Structural damage assessment, design of retrofitting scheme and execution of work
¾ Case Studies
o Jinnah Dental Hospital AJK, funded by UNDP
o Schools in Iran, funded by Japan
o Tohid School Bam, Kerman School Kerman, Jiroft School, Tehran
o DHQ Hospital Swabi Pak, funded by GOP and Guest House Batagram Pak, funded
by SDC
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Mr. Manohar Raj Bhandari from MRB & Associates consultant presented on:
Qualitative Building Assessment of Vulnerable Buildings
¾ Methodologies of building assessment
¾ Steps in qualitative assessment
¾ Major building types
¾ Fragility curve
¾ Vulnerability factors identification
¾ Damage grade and Specification of relative safety
Quantitative Assessment of Vulnerable Buildings
¾ Qualitative assessment to be performed prior to Quantitative assessment
¾ for further evaluation on deficiencies identified in qualitative assess
Day 2: July 20, 2009
On the second day of the workshop, the session were started from
Mr. Amrit Man Tuladhar from UNDP/ERRRP project gave the deliberation on
Seismic Evaluation of Building: International Practice
¾ Evaluation procedure studied
¾ FEMA 310 procedure
¾ NZDC procedure
¾ UNIDO procedure
¾ EUROCODE 8 procedure
¾ Force levels for strength checks
¾ Global versus component levels
¾ Seismic evaluation procedure
¾ Preliminary evaluation
Mr. Masato Ohori, Senior Researcher from Asian Disaster Reduction Center, Kobe, Japan
presented on
Lessons Learned from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, Japan And About the Importance of
Quality Management at the Construction Site
¾ Overview of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
¾ Amount of damage in Hyogo (direct damage)
¾
Collapsed Houses
o Emergency response
ƒ Rescue, Removing the debris, Providing Shelters, Early restoration of lifeline
¾ The Reconstruction Plan: Hyogo Phoenix Plan
About the Importance of Quality Management at the Construction Site
¾ Pakistan Earthquake - M 7.6, 2005.10.8
¾ Sichuan, China, Great Earthquake- 2008.5.12
¾ Transition of Disaster in the World
o What is the Disaster Risk?
¾ Specific Character of the field Construction
¾ Focus Points: Raw Materials
o
Water, Coarse Aggregate, Fine Aggregate (Sand), Cement, Steel Bar and
o Workmanship at Site (Earth work, Excavation for the Foundation, Form work,
Concrete work, Workers: Engineers and Inspectors
¾ Economic Losses Due to Natural Disasters
¾ Disaster Risk Management Circle
¾ Benefit of Quality Management
Mr. Manohar Raj Bhandari from MRB & Associates presented on:
Fundamental Concepts and Philosophy of Earthquake Resistant Design
¾ Ordinary loads design vs. earthquake load design
¾ Earthquake proof vs. earthquake resistant construction
¾ Philosophy of earthquake resistant design
¾ Defining earthquake load
¾ Earthquake Resistant Elements
Basics of Earthquake- Resistant Design of Masonry Houses
¾ Configuration Plan Shapes Long Narrow Buildings
¾ Large Doors and Windows
¾ Openings Close to Corners
¾ Openings in Brick Walls
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Retrofitting Options for Masonry Houses
¾ Improving the configuration: Stiffness
¾ Improving the wall-floor/ roof connection
¾ Floor/ Roof Bracing
¾ Improving the Wall Integrity, Strength and Ductility
¾ Splint and Bandage System for Retrofitting of Unreinforced Masonry Walls
Mr. Anish Joshi from Genesis Consultant presented on:
Municipal Earthquake Vulnerability Profile and Recovery Preparedness – An Overview
¾ Earthquake hazard in program municipalities (Hetauda, Pokhara, Dhangadhi)
¾ Objectives of Earthquake Vulnerability Profile
¾ Overview of Methodology for preparation of Earthquake Vulnerability Profiles
¾ Recommendations for Earthquake Preparedness and Response
¾ Institutional framework
¾ Disaster Preparedness and Response Framework (DPRF)
Day 3: July 21, 2009
On the third day of the training, the session were started from
Prof Dr. Jiba Raj Pokharel and Ajay Chandra Lal from NCDM presented on
Municipal Policies on Earthquake Risk Reduction Response Preparedness
¾ Background
¾ Policy polices linked with municipal activities
¾ Cycles of risk reduction
o preparedness
o rescue and relief
o reconstruction and rehabilitation
¾ Municipal Regulatory Policies
o Building Bye Laws of Municipalities
o Process of Issuing permit for building construction including the form
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
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¾ Draft Policy on Disaster Management
¾ National Strategy for Disaster Management
¾ Options and Amendments for better Policies on
o Planning Regulation, Building Bylaws, Building Permit Form, Institutional
Strengthening and Capacity Building
Mr. Manohar Raj Bhandari from MRB & Associates presented on:
Retrofitting Options and Design of RC Building
¾ Basic Concepts
¾ Increasing their seismic capacity
o Increasing stiffness, strength and ductility, reducing irregularity
¾ Reducing their seismic response
o Energy dissipation devices, reducing mass, base isolation
¾ Options for Retrofitting of RC Buildings
o Jacketing, RC shear Walls and Steel braces
¾ Exercise: Retrofitting Design for RCC Building
Photographs and Design Drawings of Five Municipalities
¾ Biratnagar Sub-Metropolitan City- Ward Office Building (ward no. 3)
¾ Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City - Fire Brigade (ward no. 8)
¾ Hetauda Municipality - Store Building , Ward Office Building at Bus park (ward no. 10)
¾ Birendranagar Municipality- Shree Krishna Higher Secondary School (ward no. 18)
¾ Dhangadi Municipality-Tri Nagar High School
Mr. Anish Joshi from Genesis Consultant presented on:
Municipal Earthquake Vulnerability Profile and Recovery Preparedness – EQ Vulnerability
Profiles of Pokhara and Hetauda
¾ Geology and EQ scenario of Hetauda
¾ Estimated vulnerable buildings and population at risk in Hetauda
¾ Available open spaces for evacuation in Hetauda
¾ Geology and EQ scenarios of Pokhara
¾ Estimated vulnerable buildings and population at risk in Hetauda
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
¾ Available open spaces for evacuation in Pokhara
¾ Application of GIS for Preparedness and Response Planning
Municipal Earthquake Vulnerability Profile and Recovery Preparedness – Methodology
Overview
¾ Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment – Methodology
¾ Mapping elements at risk-methodology of mapping and enumerating buildings, important
infrastructures, road networks and open spaces
¾ Seismic hazard assessment – geological study, study of earthquake scenarios, peak ground
acceleration and Modified Mercalli Intensity analysis and GIS modelling
¾ Vulnerability analysis of elements are risk
o Photo Feature of enumerated vulnerable buildings and structural cause of vulnerability
o Geological and liquefaction scenario of Pokhara and Hetauda
o Earthquake hazard scenario of Pokhara and Hetauda
o EQ vulnerability scenarios of Pokhara and Hetauda (estimated vulnerable buildings
and population at risk)
Day 4: July 22, 2009
The fourth day started with the deliberations from
Mr. Manohar Raj Bhandari and Deepak Manandhar from MRB & Associates presented on:
Construction Process and Technologies for Retrofitting
¾ Retrofitting of RC Buildings
¾ Retrofitting of Large Masonry House (Brick Masonry)
¾ Retrofitting of Masonry House (Brick Masonry)
¾
Retrofitting of Masonry House (Stone Masonry)
Experience Sharing of Retrofitting Technology
¾ Bhaktapur School
¾ Free Chhettrapati Clinic, Kathmandu
¾ Residential Building, Bhutan
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
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¾ International Committee of Red Cross Building, Kathmandu
¾ Oriental Apartment, Kathmandu
¾ UNDP Annex 1 Building, Pulchowk
Before the initiation of the closing ceremony, participants were given the feedback form and
requested to submit them after filling-in their comments & suggestions.
At the end of the day, closing ceremony was held together with certificate distribution to all
participants from the chair-person.
8.0 Execution Arrangements
Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Ministry of Local
development, UNDP/ERRRP project executed the programme in collaboration with Pokhara Sub
Metropolitan City. Additionally the UNDP/ERRRP Project provide support to strengthen the
institutional, administrative, technical system for earthquake vulnerability reduction. The
Municipality provided support for the successful implementation of the programme.
9.0 Feedbacks from the participants / Evaluations
Evaluations sheets for all participants were distributed for the evaluation of whole training
programs. The section of training evaluation has seven main headings: topics covered, training
schedule, resource persons, exercise during training, training venue, participation from trainees
and logistics arrangement. (Refer Annex G)
The evaluation analysis has done and shown in chart for clear as per the evaluation sheet filled it
up by the participants. Here are some of the feedbacks after filling-in their sheet:
UNDP/ERRRP ‐ Project
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Traaining Report on
o “Vulnerabiility Assessmeent of Buildinggs / Retrofittin
ng and Recoveery Preparedn
ness for
Municcipal Engineerrs” in Pokharaa Sub‐Metropo
olitan City
Charrt 1: Topics Covered
Afterr the anallysis of
Topiics Covered
d
evaluuation
6%
7
7%
sheeet,
the
chartt shows 71%
% of the
16%
%
71%
Excellent
V
Very
Good
Good
satisfactory
particcipants
topiccs
feelt
covered
that
during
trainiing was verry good,
16 % good, 7% excellent
and 6 % satisfacttory.
Chartt 2: Trainin
ng Schedule
The participants found
Training
T
Scchedule
the trraining schedule was
3%
23%
26%
48% very goood, 26%
Excellent
goodd, 23% excellent and
Very Good
3% satisfactory.
Good
4
48%
Satisfactoryy
Chartt 3: Resourcce Persons
Presentations from Reso
ource Perso
ons
29
9%
0%
the overall
o
presentations
done by the reespective
23%
48%
The participants felt that
Excellent
Very Good
d
Good
Satisfactorry
resouurce personns were
48% very goood, 29%
goodd and 23% exxcellent.
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Traaining Report on
o “Vulnerabiility Assessmeent of Buildinggs / Retrofittin
ng and Recoveery Preparedn
ness for
Municcipal Engineerrs” in Pokharaa Sub‐Metropo
olitan City
Chartt 4: Exercise during Trraining
The participants felt that
Exercisse During Training
T
o
exerccise done
the overall
3
3%
durinng training were
w
42%
16%
39%
%
42%
Excellentt
goodd, 39% satiisfactory,
Very Goo
od
16%
Good
excelllent
good
a
and
3%
Satisfacto
ory
Chartt 5: Particip
pation from Trainees
The participants felt that
Participaation from Trainees
the overall
o
partticipation
3%
from
23%
19%
1
Excellent
Very Good
d
55
5%
trainees
during
trainiing felt thhat 55%
very
good,
23%
Good
excelllent, 19% good
g
and
Satisfacto
ory
3% satisfactory.
ng Venue
Chartt 6: Trainin
56% of the parrticipants
Training Venu
ue
felt training vennue was
3%
%
v
good
excelllent, 41% very
Excellent
41%
%
56%
and 3%
3 good
Very Good
Good
Satisfactoryy
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Traaining Report on
o “Vulnerabiility Assessmeent of Buildinggs / Retrofittin
ng and Recoveery Preparedn
ness for
Municcipal Engineerrs” in Pokharaa Sub‐Metropo
olitan City
Chartt 7: Logisticcs Arrangem
ment
The
Logisticcs Arrange
ement
19%
39%
arranngement provided by
Excellent
Very Good
42%
logistics
the organizers
o
w found
was
to be 42% verry good,
Good
39% excellent and
a
19%
Satisfactoryy
goodd
from
the
particcipants view
w.
Here are
a some of the extra com
mments & suuggestions after
a
filling-iin their sheett:
¾ One of thee best traininng
¾ Logistic an
nd technical support durring training program waas found goood.
¾ Sharing off experiencess from Japann and Pakistaan found to be
b very usefful.
¾ Participantts were really curious on earthquake vulnnerability prrofile and recovery
preparedneess plan of
o Pokhara Sub-Metroopolitan Citty, Hetaudaa Municipaality and
Dhangadh
hi Municipaliity
¾ Participantts were awarre on retrofittting design of masonry building andd RCC Builddings.
¾ Suggested
d to provide such level of
o training for
f policy makers,
m
plannner, politicaal parties,
NGO”s, IN
NGOs etc,
¾ Need of co
ontinuation of
o such trainning in futuree
n
to be given
g
for B.E
E final year and I.E finaal year studdents who arre mainly
¾ Training need
involved in
n the construuction site suupervision works
w
uch training jointly organised by Nepal
N
Engineers Associaation of loccal centre
¾ Provide su
and main institutions
i
g
practicce it makes next
n training more realisttic
¾ This kind of evaluationn system is good
¾ Expected that such program
p
will be continnued in futture. Such messages
m
shhould be
disseminatted from onee person to another
a
¾ Training program
p
was good. Needd to add fieldd work in traaining.
mme is very much
m
benefiicial to DUD
DBC engineeers. This proogramme
¾ This trainiing program
helps to reetrofit and prreserve the existing
e
vulnnerable goverrnment builddings.
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
¾ It was obviously quite good but time was limited. So the training program should cover a
longer time.
¾ To disseminate this knowledge to targeted community, such trainings should be organised
to village and ward level with suitable course.
¾ Training was good. Resource Persons were also excellent. Such types of training should
be conducted in every year to make update about latest development.
¾ Actually this program is very fruitful for engineers. Such type of training program should
be given more engineers in the days to come. Thank you so much for providing
opportunity to know about earthquake and retrofitting technique
After the overview of those evaluation sheets, the training program was found to be fruitful in
many ways for the participants. Despite the wide range of the participants, their active
participation, keen interest and finally their satisfaction shows that the training program was
successful.
10.0 Valedictory / Closing Session
The valedictory session attended by Mr. Tilak Poudel, Chief Executive Officer – PSMC, Mr.
Amrit Man Tuladhar, Senior Division Engineer of DUDBC and National Program Manager of
UNDP/ERRRRP Project, Ms. Chandra Laxmi Hada, Project Engineer and Training Coordinator
of UNDP/ERRRP Project, Mr. Lekh Bahadur Gurung, Principal of Pokhara Engineering College,
Chairman of NEA Pokhara Regional center and Chairman of Society of Engineering Consultants
(SECON), Mr. Masato Ohori, Senior Researcher from Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC),
Japan, Mr. Shyam Jee Bastola, Civil Engineer of PSMC and Focal Person of UNDP/ERRRP
Project, Mr. Manohar Raj Rajbhandari, Senior Structure Engineer / Expert, MRB & Associates,
Mr. Ram Bahadur Shrestha, Civil Engineer / Expert, MRB & Associates, Mr. Anish Joshi, Civil
Engineer / Expert, Genesis Consultancy, Municipal Section Chief, ERRRP project members and
Participants
Mr. Shyam Jee Bastola shared the information about earlier trainings already conducted in
Pokhara through ERRRP project. This retrofitting training is completely new to him and need to
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
work on existing buildings. He even gave thanks to resource persons for their deliverable
presentations.
Mr. Baburam Bhandari as a participant expressed that we got an opportunity to be the part of this
training and course contents are very beneficial and practical. He even mentioned that resource
person’s presentations are really influential and sharing experiences from Japan and Pakistan are
very useful to them.
Mr. Ohm Sharma as a participant said what they learned from short period of training is valuable
but not sufficient and likes to continue further courses in coming days. Our society is far behind
about the occurrence of earthquake and there is a big question that who is going to help in this
retrofitting technology.
Mr. Lekh Bahadur Gurung mentioned that he is really glad to hear the 3 subject focused training
viz. vulnerability, retrofitting and recovery preparedness. He said that to use this retrofitting
technology, we need to learn from the past, see the future and act in present. When there is an
action, there is an act. He is very hopeful from the participants that what you learn from the
training will act on the field.
Mr. Masato Ohori expressed that he has a strong impression from Nepali Participants. They are
very intelligent and keen on learning. He shared that this is his first visit in Pokhara and found
really beautiful. He found that many buildings seem to be good from outside in Pokhara. He
suggested that power is needed to control over the workers so as to make quality building
construction for safer communities.
Mr. Ram Bahadur Shrestha expressed that policy workers need to focus on tax rebate on
earthquake resistant design and construction of buildings. He said that there is a need of bank that
provides interest subsidies giving loan for the house owner. He gave thanks to organizers and
participants.
Ms. Chandra Laxmi Hada shared the ERRRP project includes retrofitting of public buildings to
disseminate the knowledge that seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to
make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion or soil failure due to earthquake and
for demonstration to communities. She even stressed that it is important to keep in mind that there
is no such thing as an earthquake proof structures, although seismic performance can be greatly
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
enhanced through proper initial design or subsequent modifications. Lastly she mentioned that for
a seismically vulnerable country like Nepal, to mitigate the problems due to pre and post disaster,
retrofit and re-strengthening of structural integrity is now quite essential. She hopes that all the
participants will involve during the actual retrofitting works in 5 municipalities and help to
enhance the theoretical knowledge gained during this training.
The certificate distribution was carried out by Chief Executive Officer of Pokhara Sub
Metropolitan City.
Mr. Tilak Poudel started with welcoming Mr. Masato Ohori from Japan and wishing safe
departure too. He gave thanks to participants for good participation. As Nepal is prone to
earthquake, he insisted the earthquake resistant design need to be adopted and engineers are
responsible to it. All the human beings existed on earth are capable and he gave the example of
Japanese technology. He encourages all the participants that learning is never ending and
whatever learned try to implement. This is one of the sophisticated training and we all are
responsible for development of nation. Lastly he wished for safe and happy journey and gave
thanks to UNDP/ERRRP Project.
In closing session, Mr. Purna Bahadur Gurung facilitated the master of ceremony.
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
11.0 Output of the Training
Upon completion of the training course, 35 participants from different municipalities
¾ Were familiarized with general procedures for retrofitting technique as well as restrengthening techniques of Masonry and RC Frame buildings
¾ Were trained for listing different options of seismic retrofitting of Masonry and RC Frame
house
¾ Were aware on different available construction technologies for seismic retrofitting and
familiar with different options of retrofitting and can select options for masonry and R.C
frame buildings
¾ Were trained for earthquake resistant design of buildings, seismic rehabilitation of
existing buildings
¾ Build capacity to guide and supervise to masons and contractors for seismic retrofitting
works of existing unsafe building.
¾ Were familiarized with municipal earthquake vulnerability profile and recovery
preparedness and overall knowledge on vulnerability assessment.
¾ Were familiarized with impact of settlement pattern, land use practice and option in high
risk areas of municipalities for recovery preparedness
¾ Were familiarized with existing government and municipal policies on earthquake risk
reduction, preparedness and response hence support for implementation of NBC
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Appendix A: Detail Course Schedule
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Appendix B: Participants Details
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Appendix C: Photographs
Inaugural Session of the Training
Class Lectures
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Field Visit to School
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Closing Session
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Appendix D: Participant Attendance Sheet
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Appendix E: Resource Person Attendance Sheet
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Appendix F: Registration List in Inauguration Ceremony
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Appendix G: Training Expectation and Evaluation Sheet
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Appendix H: Presentation Materials
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
Appendix I: Copy of Certificate
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Training Report on “Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings / Retrofitting and Recovery Preparedness for
Municipal Engineers” in Pokhara Sub‐Metropolitan City
For further information please contact:
AMRIT MAN TULADHAR
Senior Divisional Engineer / National Programme Manager
Earthquake Risk Reduction and Recovery Preparedness
Programme for Nepal (UNDP/ERRRP-Project:NEP/07/010)
Department of Urban Development and Building Construction
Babar Mahal, Kathmandu, NEPAL
Ph: (977‐1) 4262365 | Fax: (977‐1) 4262439
G.P.O. Box No. 26004, Kathmandu, NEPAL
email: amritmtuladhar@yahoo.com
website: www.errrp.org.np
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