SOUTH ASIA LAUNCH OF GLOBAL CAMPAIGN
MAKING CITIES RESILIENT
MY CITY IS GETTING READY
New Delhi
June 8-9, 2010
BUILDING
AND
ZONING REGULATIONS
AND
THEIR ENFORCEMENT
By
Prof. Amit Bose
VIGYAN BHAWAN, New Delhi
JUNE 9, 2010
Well Designed Building …
Great Complexity of Systems Consisting of
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
 NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

To Achieve A Single Operational Built
Environment
Structural Vs Nonstructural Elements
Structural
SUPPORTING SKELETON
OR
SHELL
 Nonstructural
FABRIC OR CLADDING THAT ENCLOSES THE
BUILDING
AND
DEFINES ITS INTERIOR SPACES

Present Day
Complexities……
Needs of Society
 Demands of Highly Advanced and Technology
Oriented Culture
GROWING COMPLEXITIES AND DEMANDS
General agreement among experts

MANY MORE THINGS MAY GO WRONG IN
FUTURE THAN YESTERDAY OR EVEN TODAY
Nonstructural Components
ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS
 MECHANICAL COMPONENTS
 ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
 PLUMBING COMPONENTS
 BUILDING CONTENTS AND EQUIPMENTS

Economic And Functional Loss
ECONOMIC LOSS:
Direct
2.
Indirect
Value may be
As high as 80 to 90% and
As low as 20 to 30%
1.
FUNCTIONAL LOSS:
1.
2.
Damage to function due to component failure or
system failure
Disruption created by repairs of architectural
and other nonstructural components
PRESENT INDIAN CODES : PHILOSOPHY
(PERFORMANCE CRITERIA)
RESISIT MINOR EARTHQUAKES
WITHOUT DAMAGE
RESIST MODERATE EARTHQUAKES
WITH NON STRUCTURAL DAMAGE
AND SOME REPAIRABLE DAMAGE
RESIST MAJOR CATASTROPIC
EARTHQUAKE WITHOUT COLLAPSE
MINIMUM STANDARAD :
PUBLIC SAFETY WITH
SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE
PROBLEMS
THE SEISMIC PERFORMANCE THAT CAN
BE EXPECTED FROM A BUILDING
DESIGNED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
CODE IS NOT EXPLICIT
AND
OWNERS RARELY RECOGNISE THAT
CODE PERMITS SUBSTANTIAL
DAMAGE WHICH RESULTS IN
 LARGE CAPITAL LOSS
 FUNCTIONAL & BUSINESS INTERRUPTION
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE OF
NON-STRUCTURAL
COMPONENTS PRESENT STATUS
Due importance is not extended yet
 Seldom evaluated for earthquake
resistance

CODAL PROVISIONS
IS: 1893-2002 (Part-1) CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE
RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES
(Part 1. : General Provision and Buildings)
- CODE OF PRACTICE
IS: 4326-1993 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS – CODE OF PRACTICE
IS: 13920-1993 DUCTILE DETAILING OF REINFORCED
CONCRETE STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC
FORCES – CODE OF PRACTICE
IS: 13935-1993 REPAIR AND SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF
BUILDINGS – GUIDELINES
IS: 13828-1993 IMPROVING EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE
OF LOW STRENGTH MASONARY BUILDINGS - GUIDLINES
IS: 13827-1993 IMPROVING EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE
OF EARTHEN BUILDINGS – GUIDELINES
PART 2 – Liquid Retaining Structures, PART 3 – Bridges & Retaining
Walls, PART 4 – Industrial Structures including stock like structure,
PART 5 – Dams & Embankments
COUNTRY SPECIFIC RETROFITTING
STRATEGIES
MANUALS,GUIDELINES,CODES ARE REQUIRED

CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS AS PER
FUNCTION AND STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

INVENTORY OF NON-STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
FOR DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF BUILDINGS –
SCHOOL,HOSPITALS,TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
ETC.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF RETROFITTING
• CONSEQUENCES OF DAMAGEBUILDING FUNCTION OR PERFORMANCE
• COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
WHETHER TO RETROFIT OR NOT
HOW MUCH TO RETROFIT
AS PER LEVEL OF SAFETY
• INCLUSION OF RETROFITTING OF
NON-STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS IN THE POLICY
FRAMEWORK
Zone II
Zone III
Zone IV
Zone V
DIFFERENT ACTORS IN THE COMMUNITY AND THEIR
RELATIONSHIP IN CREATION OF BUILT FORM
OWNER/
COMMUNITY
ARCHITECT
CONTRACTOR
CONSULTANT
SUPERVISORY
STAFF
(C.O.W)
GEO-TECHNICAL &
STRUCTURAL
ENGINEER
STATUTORY
BODY
MATERIAL
SUPPLIER