Leveraging three types of
instructional technologies to
maximize student learning
Emily Springfield, MS Ed, University of Michigan
Session Objectives



Learn to categorize learning technologies by function
Learn which function promotes the most student learning
Learn a process for quickly determining they type of
technology would meet your specific course needs
Making Sense of Learning Technologies





What does it do?
How is it different?
What are the other
options?
Is it worth the time and
money?
Is it a good choice for me?
Moving target




New technologies
Updates
New tricks for old dogs
Instead: learn a schema for
quickly understanding new
technologies
X
Digital Learning Technologies
The Cloud
ePortfolios
Textbooks
Blended
Learning
MOOCs
Clickers
Electronic
Reserves
Lectures
LMS
Online
Courses
Wikis
Problem-based
learning
Online
Video
Web 2.0
Badges
Educational
Gaming
Online
Testing
Tests
Flipped
Classrooms
University of
Phoenix
Blogs
iPads
Labs
Mobile
Learning
Videoconferencing
Digital
Textbooks
Papers
Open
Educational
Resources
“Online Education”?
The Cloud
ePortfolios
Textbooks
Blended
Learning
MOOCs
?
Clickers
Electronic
Reserves
Lectures
LMS
Online
Courses
Wikis
Problem-based
learning
?
Online
Video
Web 2.0
Badges
Educational
Gaming
Online
Testing
Tests
Flipped
Classrooms
University of
Phoenix
Blogs
iPads
Labs
Mobile
Learning
Videoconferencing
Digital
Textbooks
Papers
Open
Educational
Resources
?
“Blended Learning”?
The Cloud
ePortfolios
Textbooks
Blended
Learning
MOOCs
Clickers
Electronic
Reserves
Lectures
LMS
?
Online
Courses
Wikis
?
Problem-based
learning
Online
Video
Web 2.0
Badges
Online
Testing
Tests
Flipped
Classrooms
University of
Phoenix
?
Educational
Gaming
Mobile
Learning
Videoconferencing
Digital
Textbooks
Blogs
iPads
Labs
Papers
Open
Educational
Resources
“Useful/Junk”?
The Cloud
ePortfolios
Textbooks
Blended
Learning
MOOCs
Clickers
Electronic
Reserves
Lectures
LMS
Online
Courses
Wikis
Problem-based
learning
Web 2.0
Badges
Online
How
Videodare
you??
Educational
Gaming
Online
You
gotta
beTesting
kidding
Tests
Flipped
Classrooms
University of
Phoenix
Blogs
iPads
Labs
Mobile
Learning
Videoconferencing
Digital
Textbooks
Papers
Open
Educational
Resources
Not really helpful!
Because…
It’s not the technology that matters…




Grandzol, J. R., C. A. Eckerson, and C. J. Grandzol. "Beyond no
significant difference: Differentiating learning outcomes using
multidimensional content analysis." Distance Education Online
Symposium. Vol. 13. 2004.
Clark, Richard E. "Media will never influence learning." Educational
Technology Research and Development 42.2 (1994): 21-29.
Coates, Dennis, et al. "“No significant distance” between face-to-face
and online instruction: evidence from principles of
economics." Economics of Education Review 23.5 (2004): 533-546.
Gwozdek, Anne E., et al. "Using online program development to
foster curricular change and innovation." Journal of Dental
Education 75.3 (2011): 339-350.
…it’s what you do with it.
What we really need
Taxonomy based on function
Three Learning (Technology) Functions
Your Turn
What function does it serve?



Lets you record
procedure demos and play
them back
Lets students record
themselves doing a
procedure and send the
video to you
Lets students record
themselves and comment
on each other’s videos
Content Delivery Technologies
Written words
Content
Delivery
Spoken words
Images
Content Delivery Technologies
Analog
Written words
Digital
Content
Delivery
Analog
Spoken words
Digital
Analog
Images
Digital
Content Delivery Technologies
Textbook
Analog
Journal
Digital
Instructor notes
Written words
Lecture
Analog
Content Delivery
Spoken words
Demo
Digital
Photos
Analog
Diagrams
Images
Video
Digital
3D
Engagement Technologies
?
“Studying”
Engagement
Discussing and
Peer teaching
Practicing
Problem-solving
Engagement Technologies
Analog
Discussing and
Peer teaching
Face-to-face
Asynchronous
Digital
Synchronous
Engagement
Analog
Practice
questions
Digital
Simulation
Practicing
Analog
Homework
problems
Solving cases
Problem-solving
Digital
Games
Assessment Technologies
Written work
Assessments
Performance
Assessment Technologies
Test
Analog
Paper
Digital
Problem set
Written work
Assessments
OSCE
Analog
Presentation
Performance
Video
Digital
Simulation
Your turn
Let’s Build a List of Learning Tech

Go to http://tinyurl.com/ADEA2014LearningTech




Phone or computer
Quick form
Do as many as you like – one per tech
See responses at
http://tinyurl.com/ADEA2014LearningTechResponses
So what?
We have categories…how does that maximize learning?
Engagement Fosters Learning
• Relating to
known material
• Similarities and
differences
• Adding detail
• Understanding
exceptions
• Practice
• Problemsolving
Making
Connections
Application
Refining
Feedback
• Confirming
• Correcting
The easiest thing for students…
Content Delivery ≠ Retention
Low Engagement
Content Retained
High Engagement
Content Delivered
Common Allocations of Class Time
Lecture/Test
Preclinical Lab
Clinical Care
0%
20%
Content
40%
Engagement
60%
Assessment
80%
100%
An example
Maximizing student learning

Which tech to add to a traditional course?
Read (cont. del.)
Lecture (cont. del.)
What are
their
functions?
Test
Watch video
Clicker questions
Simulation/case
Before class
During class
Maximizing student learning

Students are not performing well on final exam
Read (cont. del.)
Lecture (cont. del.)
What does
this course
lack?
Test
Watch video
Clicker questions
Simulation/case
Before class
During class
Maximizing student learning

Students are not performing well on final exam
Read (cont. del.)
Lecture (cont. del.)
Test
Intersperse questions
Watch video
Clicker questions
Simulation/case
Before class
During class
Maximizing student learning

Students are not performing well on final exam
Read
Case – in pairs
Test
Watch video
Clicker questions
Simulation/case
Before class
During class
Selecting New Technology
A method
Decision tree
Define
Problem
What
category
would help?
Select tech
from
category
Decision tree example
Determine problem
Students can’t
see procedure
demo
Which function?
Content
delivery
Pick a technology
On-demand
video
Decision tree example
Determine problem
Bad oral
path ddx
Which function?
Engagement
Pick a technology
Self-quiz
with images
and case info
Session Wrap-up

What are the three general functions of learning
technologies?


Which function promotes the most student learning?


Content delivery, engagement, assessment
Engagement
What are the three steps of the process for quickly
determining they type of technology would meet your
specific course needs?



Define problem
Decide which function is needed
Choose a technology from that category
Questions?
Emily Springfield
University of Michigan
espring@umich.edu