Study Guide for Bio 103
First Lab Practical
The lab practicals are multiple-choice tests which correspond to the lab material in your lab book. The
answers to the review questions at the end of the labs in the lab book as well as the material you must
know for the lab practical is found in the introduction and procedure sections of the lab book.
Microscope lab (exercise 1) (Pages 1-6)
Student should:
¾ Recognize all components of the microscope.
¾ Know the function of each part of the microscope. (Listed on page 2 and illustrated on page 3)
¾ Read and know the procedure associated with microscope use.
¾ Know the meaning of the following related terms:
¾ Field of view
¾ Working distance
¾ Depth of focus
¾ Resolution
¾ Contrast
¾ Know the magnification capabilities of:
¾ The microscope
¾ All objectives
¾ The ocular
¾ Know how to correctly store the microscope.
Organic Molecule Lab (exercise 2) (Pages 16-20)
Student should:
¾ Know what substance is used to test for reducing sugars (simple carbohydrates).
¾ Recognize color changes which indicate a positive result for the presence of reducing sugars.
¾ Know what substance is used to test for starch.
¾ Recognize color changes which indicate a positive result for the presence of starch.
¾ Know what substance is used to test for protein.
¾ Recognize color changes which indicate a positive result for protein.
¾ Know what substance is used as a staining agent in testing for lipids.
¾ Know what an emulsifier is.
¾ Know what substance is used as an emulsifier in the lipid procedure.
¾ Know what values are neutral, acidic, and basic on the pH scale.
¾ Know what substance is used to test for acids and bases.
¾ Recognize color changes which are indicators of acids and bases.
Cell lab (exercise 3) (Pages 25-31)
Student should:
¾ Know the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
¾ Recognize various organelles associated with a typical plant and animal cell as they appear on
the models of cells in the lab or on the diagrams in your book.
¾ Recognize all cell slides which were made in lab including:
¾ Human Epithelium (from the cheek)
¾ Elodea
¾ Onion Epidermis
¾ Potato
¾ Recognize the:
¾ Nucleus
¾
Cell membrane
¾ Cell Wall
¾ Cytoplasm
¾ Chloroplast
¾ Amyloplast (Leucoplast)
¾ Recognize prepared slides including:
¾ Human Blood (be able to distinguish between RBCs and WBCs)
¾ Bacteria
¾ Anabaena (a Cyanobacteria).
¾ Recognize that the bacteria and cyanobacteria are prokaryotic.
¾ Know what the abbreviations found on prepared slides stand for: c.s. or x.s. w.m. and l.s.
Diffusion and Osmosis Lab (exercise 4) (Pages 37-43)
Student should:
¾ Know what the following terms mean:
¾ Selectively permeable
¾ Diffusion
¾ Equilibrium
¾ Osmosis
¾ Solution
¾ Solute and solvent.
¾ Know what Brownian Movement is and what substance is used to illustrate this concept.
¾ Understand that when an aerosol is sprayed into a room the aerosol will diffuse throughout the
room.
¾ Know what substance is used to illustrate the concept of diffusion into a liquid.
¾ Know that dialysis tubing is used in lab to represent the plasma membrane of a cell (due to its
selectively permeable nature).
¾ Know that the experiment involving iodine solution and starch solution is used to illustrate
diffusion through a membrane.
¾ Know that the experiment involving the water and sucrose solution is used to illustrate the
concept of osmosis.
¾ Know what the following terms mean:
¾ lysis and crenation
¾ turgor
¾ plasmolysis
¾ Understand what a hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution is.
¾ Recognize plant tissue which has been exposed to:
¾ Hypertonic solution
¾ Hypotonic solution
¾ Isotonic solution
¾ This includes plasmolysis in Elodea cells when exposed to a salt water solution as well as
carrot and celery slices.
Photosynthesis Lab (exercise 5) (Page 49-51)
Student should:
¾ Know that the reactants in the photosynthesis process are CO2 and H2O.
¾ The product in photosynthesis is Glucose and the byproduct is O2.
¾ Understand the photosynthesis reaction.
¾ Know the following terms:
¾ Heterotrophs and autotrophs
¾ Stomata and guard cells
¾ Know that the chromatography procedure is designed to show the separation of pigments
extracted from a plant sample.
¾ Know that the primary photosynthetic pigment in green plants is Chlorophyll a and that
plants also rely on accessory pigments of different color than chlorophyll such as Carotenes
which are orange and Xanthophylls that are yellow.
¾ Know that the experiment on CO2 Consumption is designed to show that plants use Carbon
Dioxide in photosynthesis as illustrated in this experiment.
¾ Know what is used as an indicator of color change in this experiment.
¾ Recognize stomata and guard cells when viewing epidermal tissue of a spinach leaf under
the scope.
¾ Know the function of stomata and guard cells.