Study Guide Micro-organisms and Cells 2015 Key
KEY
Name: __________________
Date: ___________________
Homeroom: ______________
Core: ___________________
File: Study Guide Human Body systems and Micro-organisms 2013KEY.doc (Earth)
1, Compare the structures and functions (feeding, reproduction, movement and unique features) of
Volvox, Paramecium, Euglena and Amoeba.
Amoeba feed by extending the cytoplasm within them and pushing their cell membrane around
potential prey consuming it. The amoeba reproduces asexually. Amoeba move by extending their
cytoplasm (cytoplasmic streaming) and extending their pseudopods (false feet) dragging the rest of
their bodies behind them. The unique feature of an amoeba is its false feet (pseudopods).
Volvox feed by making their own food through photosynthesis (use sunlight, carbon dioxide and
water to produce glucose – food for the volvox). The volvox reproduce by duplicating cells and
depositing them inside the colonies of 500-60,000. The volvox move by moving their flagella in unisom
with the other colony members. A unique feature of volvox is that is can also reproduce sexually –
sharing genetic information to produce new offspring and asexually.
Paramecium feed by moving their cilia (tiny hair-like projections) and directing their food to the oral
grove. Paramecium reproduce by binary fission (they split in two creating an exact duplicate of
themselves). Paramecium can however link together and share genetic information and then
duplicate by binary fission later. Paramecium move by using the cilia to create a wavelike motion. The
unique features of paramecium is they have two contractile vacuoles (water pumps that regulate the
amount of water in the cells) and nuclei (Macronucleus contains its genetic information and controls
how it uses energy). The micronuclei also contains the paramecium’s genetic information but is used
strictly for reproduction.
Euglena can ingest (eat) particles in water; however, they have chloroplasts (organelles which contain
chlorophyll which allow them to produce their own food by using photosynthesis- autotrophic).
Euglenas reproduce asexually by binary fission (split in two duplicating themselves). Euglenas move
my using the Flagella (whip-like tail). The unique feature of the Euglena is that it can eat other
particles (heterotrophic) in fresh water and make its own food by photosynthesis.
You will need to know how to label each of these microorganisms:
How do each of these micro-organisms:
Amoeba:
a. Extract (take/get) energy from food
The Amoeba pseudopods surround their food particles and form a food vacuole where food is
broken down and used by the Amoeba. Amoeba use contractile vacuoles to expel excess water from
inside the cell them.
b. Get rid of waste
The Amoeba has no anus, so any spot on the outside of it’s cell membrane can open to release
waste.
Paramecium:
a. Extract (take/get) energy from food
The Paramecium has a gullet where food is placed in vacuoles and slowly digested.
b. Get rid of waste
The Paramecium have an anal poor that excretes waste.
Volvox:
a. Extract (take/get) energy from food
The Volvox processes the sugar produced through photosynthesis. The Volvox has not
stomach.
b. Get rid of waste
The waste product of photosynthesis is oxygen and it is released into the water supply after
sugar is produced from combining water and carbon dioxide. The waste product of photosynthesis is
oxygen and it is released into the water supply after sugar is produced from combining water and
carbon dioxide.
Euglena:
a. Extract (take/get) energy from food
Euglenoids can be heterotrophic (eating other organisms/materials) or autotrophic (making
their own food – photosynthetic).
b. Get rid of waste
If the Euglenoid eats other materials it is digested in a food vacuole and expelled through a
contractile vacuole. The waste product of photosynthesis is oxygen and it is released into the water
supply after sugar is produced from combining water and carbon dioxide.
Plant and Animal cell diagrams
mitochondria
produces energy through cellular respiration
rough endoplasmic reticulum
transport and storage
ribosomes
create proteins
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
creates lipids or fat
chloroplast
creates glucose during photosynthesis
golgi apparatus
synthesis, packages and releases concentrate proteins or
lipids
golgi body
protein or lipid enters the cytoplasm
cytoplasm
where all chemicals take place
liposome
small membrane bounded transport vesicles
peroxisome
microbodies found in animal cells
glyoxysome
microbodies found in plant cells
centrioles
for cellular division and cellular reproduction
cytoskeleton
supports structure and helps move synthesized proteins
lysosomes
contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestion
cilia
hair like structures
flagellum
a whip-like tail
contractile vacuole
pump water out of cell
vesicle
moves protein, lipid and carbohydrate
nuclear envelope
surrounds the nucleus
Food vacuole
contains food or water
cell membrane
separates cell contents from the environment
nucleus
information center of the cell
nucleolus
site of ribosome synthesis