Name_______________________
Period __________
Chapter 5 Test Review (Short Answers)
1. Why is Gregor Mendel famous, what organisms did he experiment with, and what
proportion of the F2 generation had a trait that had been absent in the F1
generation?
2. What are traits, and what are the factors that control traits?
3. What are alleles, and what do scientists call an organism that has two
different alleles for a trait?
4. What does AA, Aa, and aa mean to geneticists?
5. What is probability, and what is the probability of producing a tall pea
plant from crossing two hybrid tall pea plants?
6. What does a Punnett square show?
Name_______________________
Period __________
7. If a homozygous white guinea pig (bb) is crossed with a heterozygous
black guinea pig (black fur is dominant), what is the probability the
offspring will have white fur?
8. Compare genotype and phenotype.
9. Explain the terms homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, and
heterozygous.
10. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
11. What are chromosomes?
12. What determines the genetic code in an organism?
Name_______________________
Period __________
13. Explain what mRNA and tRNA do during protein synthesis.
14. Where does protein synthesis take place?
15. What is a mutation? Are mutations always harmful? How does a
mutation harm an organism?
16. Compare the nitrogen bases in DNA and RNA. Which bases form
pairs?