SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Richard Borshay Lee
Fellow, The Royal Society of Canada
University Professor, University of Toronto.
Winner, 1980 Herskovits Award of the African Studies Association, for the best book of the year in English on Africa, for The !Kung
San: Men, Women and Work in a Foraging Society.
Books and Monographs
Jorgenson, Joseph B., and Richard Borshay Lee, ed.
1974 The New Native Resistance: Indigenous People’s Struggles and the Responsibility of Scholars. Module No. 6. New York: MSS Modular Publications.
Leacock, Eleanor, and Richard Borshay Lee, ed.
1982 Politics and History in Band Societies. Cambridge and Paris: Cambridge University Press and La Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.
Lee, Richard Borshay
1965 Subsistence Ecology of !Kung Bushmen, PhD Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. Available from University Microfilms, Ann
Arbor, MI, #66-3636: 1–209.
1979 The !Kung San: Men, Women and Work in a Foraging Society. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
2003 The Dobe Ju/’hoansi. 4th ed. Toronto: Thomson Learning/Wadsworth.
Lee, Richard Borshay, and Richard Daly, ed.
1999 The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers. Cambridge
and New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lee, Richard Borshay, and Irven DeVore, ed.
1968 Man the Hunter, Chicago: Aldine.
1976 Kalahari Hunter-Gatherers: Studies of the !Kung San and Their Neighbors, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Lee, Richard Borshay, Robert Hitchcock, and Megan Biesele, ed.
2002 The Kalahari San: Self-Determination in the Desert. Cultural Survival Quarterly, Special Issue, 26(1).
244
The Politics of Egalitarianism
Articles
Lee, Richard Borshay
1963 “The Population Ecology of Man in the Early Upper Pleistocene of
Southern Africa.” Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 29:235–57.
1968a “Sociology of !Kung Bushman Trance Performances.” In Trance
and Possession States, ed. R. H. Prince. Montreal: R.M. Bucke Memorial Society.
1968b “What Hunters Do for a Living, or, How to Make Out on Scarce
Resources.” In Man the Hunter, ed. Richard B. Lee and Irven DeVore.
Chicago, Ill.: Aldine.
1969a “!Kung Bushmen.” South African Medical Journal, January 11:
48.
1969b “!Kung Bushman Subsistence: An Input-Output Analysis.” Ecological Essays: Proceedings of the Conferences on Cultural Ecology, ed. D. Mamas,
Bulletin 230. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada, 73–94.
1969c “Eating Christmas in the Kalahari.” Natural History, 14–22 December 1969: 60–63 (reprinted over 40 times).
Lee, Richard B., and Irven DeVore
1970 “Ngamiland !Kung Bushmen: Research in Progress.” Botswana
Notes and Records 2: 122–25.
1971 “The Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert, Record and Filmstrip.” In
Studying Societies: Patterns in Human History, developed for the Anthropology Curriculum Study Project, American Anthropological Association.
New York: Macmillan.
1972a “Work Effort, Group Structure, and Land Use in Hunter-Gatherers.”
In Man, Settlement, and Urbanism, ed. Peter Ucko, Ruth Tringham, and G.W.
Dimbleby. London: Duckworth.
1972b The !Kung Bushmen of Botswana, Hunters and Gatherers Today, ed.
M. Bicchiere. New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston.
1972c “Population Growth and the Beginnings of Sedentary Life
among the !Kung Bushmen.” In Population Growth: Anthropological Implications, ed. Brian Spooner. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
1972d “The Intensification of Social Life among the !Kung Bushmen.”
In Population Growth: Anthropological Implications, ed. Brian Spooner. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
1972e “!Kung Spatial Organisation: An Ecological and Historical Perspective.” Human Ecology 1(2): 125–47.
1973a “The Evolution of Technical Civilization.” In Communication with
Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (CETI), ed. Carl Sagan. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT
Press.
1973b “Mongongo: The Ethnography of a Major Wild Food Resource.”
Ecology of Food and Nutrition 2: 307–21.
1974 “Male-Female Residence Arrangements and Political Power in
Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 4: 163–67.
1975a “The !Kung’s New Culture, Science Year: 1976.” In World Book
Encyclopedia, Chicago.
1975b “The !Kung San: Life in a Hunting and Gathering Community.”
In The Study of Anthropology, ed. David Hunter and Philip Whitten. New
York: Harper and Row.
Bibliography
245
Lee, Richard B., H. Harpending, and N. Howell
1977 “!Kung Bushmen.” Science 197: 1232.
1978a “Hunter-Gatherers in Process: The Kalahari Research Project,
1963–76.” In Long-Term Field Research in Social Anthropology, ed. G. Foster
et al. New York: Academic Press.
1978b “The Ecology of a Contemporary San People.” In The Bushmen,
ed. P. Tobias. Capetown: Human and Rousseau.
1978c “Politics, Sexual and Non-Sexual in an Egalitarian Society.” Social Science Information 17(6): 871–95.
Hurlich, Susan, and Richard B. Lee
1979 “Colonialism, Apartheid and Liberation: A Namibian Example.”
In Challenging Anthropology, ed. D. Turner and G. Smith. Toronto: McGrawHill Ryerson.
1980a “Lactation, Ovulation, Infanticide and Women’s Work.” In Biosocial Mechanisms in Population Regulation, ed. M. Cohen et al. New Haven:
Yale University Press.
1980b “Is There a Foraging Mode of Production?” Anthropologie et société. Reprinted in 1981 in Canadian Journal of Anthropology 2(1): 13–19.
1982a “Politics, Sexual and Non-Sexual, in an Egalitarian Society.” In
Politics and History in Band Societies, ed. Eleanor Leacock and Richard Lee.
New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lee, Richard B., and Susan Hurlich
1982b “From Foragers to fighters: the militarization of the !Kung San.”
In Politics and History in Band Societies, ed. Eleanor Leacock and Richard
Lee. New York: Cambridge University Press.
1982c “Forward.” In Boiling Energy: Community Healing Among the
Kalahari !Kung, by R. Katz. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press.
1982d “SWAPO: Best Hope for the San.” Anthropology Resource Centre
(ARC Inc.) Newsletter 6(1): 10.
Lee, Richard B., and Carolyn Filteau
1983 “Notes on the Politics of Teaching Anthropology in Canada.” In
Consciousness and Inquiry, ed. Frank Manning. Ottawa: National Museum of
Canada, Mercury Series.
1984 “Ethnicity, Militarism and Human Rights in South Africa and Israel.” Dialectical Anthropology 10: 121–28.
1985a “Work, Sexuality and Aging among !Kung Women.” In In Her
Prime: A New View of Middle-Aged Women, ed. Judith Brown and Virginia
Kerns (reprinted in 1992 by University of Illinois Press). New York: Bergin
and Garvey.
1985b “Models of Human Colonization: San, Greeks and Vikings.” Interstellar Migrations, ed. E. Jones and B. Finney. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
University of California Press.
1985c “Greeks and Victorians: a re-examination of Engels’ theory of
the Athenian Polis.” Culture 5(1): 63–73.
1985d “Foragers and the State: Government policies towards the San in
Namibia and Botswana.” Cultural Survival: Occasional Papers, No. 18: 37–46.
1986a “!Kung Kinship, the Name Relationship and the Process of Discovery.” In Critical Reflections on !Kung Ethnography: Essays in Honour of
Lorna Marshall, ed. Megan Biesele. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
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1986b “The Gods Must Be Crazy but the State Has a Plan: Government
Policy Towards the San in Namibia.” Canadian Journal of African Studies
20(1): 181–90.
Lee, Richard, B, and Richard Daly
1987a “Man’s Domination and Women’s Oppression: The question of
origins, Beyond Patriarchy.” In Essays by Men on Pleasure, Power, and Change,
ed. Michael Kaufman. Toronto and New York: Oxford University Press.
1987b “The impact of development on foraging peoples: a world survey.” Tribal Peoples and Development Issues, ed. John Bodley. Mountain View,
Calif.: Mayfield.
1988 “Reflections on Primitive Communism.” In Hunters and Gatherers,
Vol. 1, Ecology, Evolution, and Social Change, ed. Tim Ingold, David Riches,
and James Woodburn. London: Berg.
Lee, Richard B., et al.
1989 “Hunters, Clients, and Squatters: the Contemporary SocioEconomic Status of Botswana Basarwa.” African Studies Monographs, Kyoto
9(3):109–51.
Solway, J., and Richard Borshay Lee
1990a “Foragers, Genuine or Spurious? Situating the Kalahari San in
History.” Current Anthropology 32: 106–46.
1990b “Comment to Wilmsen and Denbow. Paradigmatic History of
San-Speaking Peoples and Current Attempts at Revision.” Current Anthropology 31: 510–12.
1990c “Primitive Communism and the Origin of Social Inequity.” In
The Evolution of Political Systems: Sociopolitics in Small-Scale Sedentary Societies, ed. Steadman Upham. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Lee, Richard B., and Mathias Guenther
1991a “Oxen or Onions: The Search for Trade (and Truth) in the Kalahari.” Current Anthropology 32(5): 592–601.
1991b “The !Kung in Question: Evidence and Context in the Kalahari
San Debate.” Michigan Discussions in Anthropology 11: 73–91.
1992a “Art, Science, or Politics? The Crisis in Hunter-Gatherer Studies.” American Anthropologist 90(1): 18–45.
1992b “Demystifying Primitive Communism.” In Civilization in Crisis:
Anthropological Perspectives, Vol. 1: Dialectical Anthropology: Essays in Honor
of Stanley Diamond, ed. Christine Gailey. Gainesville: University Press of
Florida.
1992c “Making Sense of the Tasaday.” In The Tasaday Controversy, ed.
Thomas Headland. Washington: American Anthropology Association Special Publication.
Lee, Richard B., and Mathias Guenther
1992d “Problems in Kalahari Historical Ethnography and the Tolerance of Error.” History in Africa 20: 185–235.
1993a “The Primitive as Problematic.” Guest Editorial. Anthropology
Today, December: 3–5.
Lee, Richard B., and Karen Sacks
1993b “Anthropology, Imperialism and Resistance: The Work of Kathleen Gough.” Special Issue of Anthropologica 35(2): 175–301.
Bibliography
247
Lee, Richard B., and Harriet Rosenberg
1994 “Fragments of the Future: Aspects of Social Reproduction among
the Ju/’hoansi.” In Papers of the Seventh Conference on Hunting and Gathering
Societies, ed. Moscow. L. Elleana. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press.
Lee, Richard B., and Mathias Guenther
1995 “Errors corrected or compounded? A Reply to Wilmsen.” Current
Anthropology 36: 299–305.
1996 “AIDS in Southern Africa: The Struggle Continues.” Southern
Africa Report 16: 21–25.
Biesele, Megan, Robert K. Hitchcock, and Richard B. Lee
1996 “Thirty Years of Ethnographic Research among the Ju/’hoansi of
Northwestern Botswana: 1963–1993.” Botswana Notes and Records, 28,
Gaborone, Botswana.
Lee, Richard, B., and Robert Hitchcock
1998a “African Hunter-Gatherers: History and the Politics of Ethnicity.” In Transformations in Africa: Essays on Africa’s Later Past, ed. Graham
Connah. London: Cassels.
1998b “Forward.” In Limited Wants, Unlimited Means, ed. John Gowdy.
Washington: Island Press.
1998c “Anthropology at the Crossroads: From the Age of Ethnography
to the Age of World-Systems.” Social Dynamics 24: 34–65.
1998d “Precapitalist Work: Baseline for and Anthropology of Work or
a Romantic Delusion.” Anthropology of Work Review 20: 9–15.
1999 “Science and Constructivism: Notes Towards a Reconciliation.” In
The New Physical Anthropology, ed. Shirley Strum, David Hamburg, and
Don Lindburg. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Lee, Richard B., and Megan Biesele
2002a “Local Cultures and Global Systems: The Ju/’hoansi-!Kung Forty
Years On.” In Chronicling Cultures: Long-term Fieldwork in Anthropology, ed.
Robert Kemper and Anya Royce. 2d ed. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Altamira
Press.
2002b “Solitude or Servitude? Ju/’hoan Images of the Colonial Encounter.” In Ethnicity and Hunter-Gatherers: Association or Assimilation, ed.
Susan Kent. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
2002c “Foragers to First Peoples: The Kalahari San Today.” Special
issue, The Kalahari San: Self-Determination in the Desert, ed. R.B. Lee,
R. Hitchcock, and M. Biesele. Cultural Survival Quarterly 26(1): 3–10.
Lee, Richard B., and Ida Susser
2002d “The San and the Challenge of AIDS.” Special issue, The Kalahari
San: Self-Determination in the Desert, ed. R.B. Lee, R. Hitchcock, and
M. Biesele. Cultural Survival Quarterly 26(1): 18–20.
2002e “Foragers to First Peoples: The Dobe Ju/’hoansi Today.” (In
Japanese.) Humanities and Sciences, Journal of the Kobe/Gaikuin University,
Humanities and Sciences 17: 1–16.
Lee, Richard B., and Ida Susser
2003a “AIDS, women’s power, and the Ju/’hoansi of Southern Africa.” Culture Matters 1(1), Available at, http://www.nyu.edu/fas/ihpk/
CultureMatters/index2.htm
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2003b “Human Rights and Indigenous People in Post-Apartheid South
Africa.” In At the Risk of Being Heard: Identity, Indigenous Rights and PostColonial States, ed. Bart Dean and Jerome Levi. Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press.
2005 “Power and Property in Twenty-first Century Foragers: A Critical
Re-examination.” In Property and Equality: Encapsulation, Commercialization, Discrimination, ed. Thomas Widlok and Tadasse Wolde. London:
Berghahn.