4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
KEY CONCEPT
The overall process of cellular respiration converts
sugar into ATP using oxygen.
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
1. Purpose for Cellular Respiration
a. Cellular respiration makes ATP by
breaking down organic compounds
(carbohydrates and lipids).
b. Energy Conversion
Chemical energy  Chemical Energy
Cellular respiration is aerobic, or requires
oxygen.
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
A. Cell Respiration
ENZYMES
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O + 6CO2 + 36-38 ATP
In cellular respiration is the breakdown of glucose
demonstrating an anabolic or catabolic chemical
reaction?
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
A. Cell Respiration
2. Requirements Needed For Cellular Respiration
a. Glucose
b. Oxygen (cellular respiration is Aerobic –
requires
oxygen)
c. Energy Storing Compounds
1. NAD  NADH
2. FAD  FADH
3. ATP
d. Mitochondria
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
A. Cell Respiration
3. Location
a. Aerobic stages takes place in the Mitochondria
1. Cristae:
1) Folds produced from an inner membrane.
2. Matrix:
1) Contains enzymes used to break organic
compounds.
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
4. Two Phases of Cellular Respiration
Phase 1: Glycolysis
Phase 2: Aerobic Respiration
Krebs Cycle
Kreb’s Cycle included:
The Electron Transport Chain
ATP Production
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
C. Phase 1: Glycolysis
1. Purpose
a. Break glucose into a compound
called Pyruvic Acid.
b. Produce a small amount of ATP.
2. Location
a. In the cytoplasm of the cell.
b. Anaerobic – does not require
oxygen
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
C. Phase 1: Glycolysis
3. Steps
a. Glucose enters into the cell.
b. Glucose breaks into smaller molecules called
Pyruvic Acid.
c. 2 ATP are created
1. 2 ATP molecules were used to break glucose
2. 4 ATP were made when the glucose bonds broke
3. 2 ATP is the net gain from glycolysis
d. The energy-storing compound NADH is formed.
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
D. Phase 2
The Krebs Cycle
1. Purpose:
a. Transfers energy to an electron transport
chain.
2. Location:
a. Mitrochondrial matrix (liquid)
3. When does it occur:
a. Immediately following glycolysis
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
D. Phase 2
The Krebs Cycle
4. Overall Steps
a. Pyruvic acid is converted into other compounds.
a. Pyruvic acid  acetyl CoA  oxaloacetic acid  citric acid
b. All hydrogens that come from the conversion of
pyruvic acid are captured by the energy-storing
molecules of NAD and FAD.
c. NAD  NADH and FAD  FADH
d. A small amount of ATP is made
e. Carbon dioxide is released to the air
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
E. Phase 2
The Krebs Cycle/Electron Transport Chain
1. Purpose:
a. Produce large amounts of ATP.
2. Location:
a. Cristae of the mitochondria (folds)
3. When does it occur:
a. With the Krebs cycle (as soon as NADH and FADH
are formed)
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
E. Phase 2
The Krebs Cycle/Electron Transport Chain
4. Steps
a. The energy-storing compounds NAD and FAD
release their electrons (and thus energy) into the
electron transport chain. (NADH and FADH will
supply electrons to the ETC)
b. ATP is produced as electrons move through the
chain. (32-34 ATP from ETC)
c. Overall … up to 36 ATP will be produced
1) 2 ATP from glycolysis
2) 2 ATP from Krebs Cycle
3) 32-34 ATP from ETC
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
E. Phase 2
The Krebs Cycle/Electron Transport Chain
4.Steps Continued
d.The “spent” electrons from the
chain will combine with oxygen
and water will be produced.
e.Oxygen is the final electron
acceptor in cellular respiration.
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
Let’s Review
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What happens to the glucose?
What does oxygen help to make?