World History – EOC Performance Level Study Guide
Name_________________________________________ Teacher________________ Date_______ Period_____
About the EOC Test:
There are 5 categories on the World History test. The chart below shows how many questions you can expect for each category.
Category
History 8000 BC to AD 1750
History 1750 to the Present
Geography and Culture
Government and Citizenship
Economics, Science, Technology, and Society
Number of Questions
18
20
10
10
10
The EOC will also assess Social Studies Skills. You’ll need to be able to
• Interpret maps, graphs, and charts to show the relationship between geography and history.
• Explain and use primary and secondary source documents, considering the frame of reference, historical context, and point
of view.
• Analyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding
the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, drawing inferences and conclusions, and developing
connections between historical events over time.
• Know and use social studies vocabulary.
How to Answer a Multiple Choice Question:
• Examine the question. Read the entire question. Study any pictures, charts, passages, or maps.
• Recall what you know about the topic. Feel free to jot notes on your test.
• Answer the question. Check all of the answer choices and eliminate any choices that are obviously wrong.
General Study Tips:
• Plan ahead. You don’t want to try to cram everything in the day or the week before the exam.
• Pick the right time of day to study. Try not to wait until late at night when you are too tired to focus.
• Find a study partner or group.
• Read, reread, and write, and rewrite your notes!
Links for Study Tools:
• The Flow of History – Visual flow charts of historical events - http://www.flowofhistory.com/units
• Student’s Friend – a concise online World History textbook - http://www.studentsfriend.com/index.html
• Glencoe World History – videos of events in World History - http://goo.gl/m8n4w
• Crash Course in World History - http://www.youtube.com/user/crashcourse
• EOC World History Flashcards - http://quizlet.com/18908621/w-history-eoc-vocabulary-flash-cards/
• Additional links are provided throughout this document
1
Level I – Unsatisfactory
Identify the causes of armed conflicts and political revolutions (Combined with Level II: Explain the causes and impact of
armed conflicts and political revolutions)
Time Period
Causes of Conflicts / Revolutions
Impact of Conflicts / Revolutions
8000 BC- 500 BC
None during this time period
RV Civilizations
500 BC – 600 AD
Persian War (490-479 BC)
Classical Era
Begins Golden Age of Athens, Athens becomes
Greek city states vs. the Persians. Persians sought
to conquer/control territory to expand their empire. leader of city states
Learn more about the Persian War.
http://goo.gl/fehqc
Peloponnesian War (431 – 404 BC)
Athens v. Sparta for dominance in the Greek city
Weakens city-states, makes them vulnerable for
Macedonia (Alexander the Great) to conquer
states
Punic Wars (265-146 BC)
Roman wars to conquer western Mediterranean
Expansion of the Roman Empire
(Sicily, Spain, N. Africa)
600 -1450
Post-Classical Era
1450 – 1750
Connecting
Hemispheres
The Crusades (1095 – 1291)
Only the first Crusade is successful, every other
Series of armed conflicts between Christians and
crusade loses ground. Failures weaken the power
Muslims in the Holy Land called by Pope Urban.
of the Pope. Trade in spices and goods leads
Christians sought to expel the Muslims from
Europeans to want to trade more and to seek new
Jerusalem
Learn more about the Crusades. Username:
routes, beginning of the Age of Exploration
air35wheels
http://goo.gl/eknNz
Mongol Invasions
Led by Genghis Khan and his followers, Mongols
Expanse of empire created stability (Pax Mongolia)
created an empire from China to Russia that lasted
that allowed for trade, spread of ideas, technology,
etc.
1-3 centuries; largest land empire in history
• China – Disrupted dynasty cycle, became
• China (1279-1368)
Yuan dynasty
• Russia (1240 – 1480)
•
Russia
– destroyed cities, cut Russia off
• Southwest Asia/Islamic Caliphates
from
the
rest of Europe, Moscow emerges
• India (1398)
as
major
city
Learn more about the Mongols.
• SW Asia – Mongols adopt Islam (Culture
http://goo.gl/Gx12k
and language change), increase use of
Username:
irrigation,
increase economic power
air35wheels
• India – Timur Lenk (Tamerlane) sacks Delhi
in 1398
The Reconquista (1492)
Christians in Spain led by King Ferdinand and Queen Ends 700 years of Muslim influence in Europe
Isabella pushed the Moors (Muslims) out of Europe
English Civil War (1642-1651)
Oliver Cromwell leads parliamentary forces to
After Cromwell, the monarchy returns but power is
defeat King Charles, created republic but Cromwell
limited by sharing power with Parliament, English
becomes a dictator.
Bill of Rights (1689)
Learn more about the English Civil War.
http://goo.gl/IALJz
2
1750 – 1914
Age of
Revolutions
The American Revolution (1775-1783)
British colonist in American wanted more freedom,
America becomes the first independent colony and
especially from taxation without representation;
modern constitutional republic. US Constitution
belief in liberty, equality, and democracy. The
(1789) and Bill of Rights (1789) become models for
Revolution was influences by the Glorious
the world. American Revolution inspires France and
Revolution (belief in a limited monarchy, written bill other revolutions.
of rights) and Enlightenment (calls for secular
outlook, ability to question authority)
Learn more about the American Revolution.
http://goo.gl/nEfGv
The French Revolution (1789-1795)
st nd rd
Declaration of the Rights of Man was published.
Inequality in class systems (1 , 2 , 3 Estates),
abuses by the nobility and the king, state debt and
Parliament established. King Louis XIV and Marie
Antoinette were beheaded during the reign of
high taxes, starving peasants from crop failures.
Influenced by the Enlightenment and the American
terror. Chaos in government allows Napoleon
Bonaparte to take power, create the French
Revolution.
Learn more about the French Revolution.
empire.
http://goo.gl/Irvwm
Napoleonic Wars (1803 – 1815)
Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself emperor in
1802 and began attempts to conquer Europe.
Succeeded in conquering significant portions but
was unable to conquer Russia.
Learn more about Napoleon and the Napoleonic
Wars. http://goo.gl/t5ATZ
In France: Restores order to France. Create national
bank and efficient tax collection. Napoleonic Code
provides uniform set of laws.
In Europe: spreads Enlightenment ideas (nobility
loses privileges; bureaucracy filled by talented
people; religious toleration.) Unites Italy and
Germany. Inspires nationalism in conquered
territories.
In Latin America: Spanish and Portuguese monarchs
were forced to abdicate. Colonies, isolated from
mother countries, control their own trade and form
governments. Haiti becomes independent.
Latin American Revolutions
Seeing the success of the American Revolution,
Many countries wrote constitutions and tried to
many colonies began to break away from European grant equality, but Latin American revolutions
mother countries
tended to not be as successful as the American
Revolution. Large landowners, the wealthy upper
• Simon Bolivar leads in Colombia and
classes, and the military tended to take control and
Venezuela
form oligarchies or dictatorships.
• Jose de San Martin leads in Argentina,
Chile, and Peru
• Father Miguel Hidalgo leads in Mexico Learn
more about the Latin American Revolutions.
http://goo.gl/oIbrD
3
1914 – Present
20th Century to the
Present
World War I (1914-1918)
Use the acronym MANIA to remember the causes
Modern military technology (airplanes, poison gas,
of WWI.
machine guns, armored tanks) emerge. 8.5 million
soldiers
killed, creating “The Lost Generation” in
• Militarism – glorifying military strength;
Europe,
disillusioned with modern life. Ottoman
arms race between countries
Empire ends.
• Alliance systems – Countries banding
together. Triple Entente (Great Britain,
Treaty of Versailles ends the war. “Peace built on
France, Russia) v. Triple Alliance (Germany,
quicksand.” Blames Germany for the war. Germany
Austria-Hungary, and Italy)
loses territory and is limited in size/scope of
• Nationalism – Intense devotion to the
military. League of nations is formed.
interests or culture of one’s nation; the
belief that nations benefit from acting
President Woodrow Wilson proposes Fourteen
independently rather than collectively
Points. Suggests end to secret treaties, free trade,
• Imperialism – European nations competed
freedom of the seas, reduced size of armies and
for colonies in Africa and Asia
navies,
adjusting colonial claims, self-determination
• Assassination - Austrian archduke Francis
of
new
European nations created from the
Ferdinand is assassinated by Serbian rebel
Ottoman
Empire, and the League of Nations
Gavrilo Princip, sparking the conflict.
Username:
Learn more about the causes of WWI.
air35wheels
http://goo.gl/SVSJq
Russian Revolution (1917)
Series of revolutions in 1917. Caused by widespread
Civil war breaks out from 1918 – 1920 between
discontent in all classes of Russia, revolutionaries
White Army and Red Army (communists). White
agitating for change, weak leadership by Czar
Army is defeated, 15 million Russians died. Led to
Nicholas II, heavy losses in WWI, food and fuel
the Bolsheviks establishing the communist
dictatorship, the USSR in 1922.
shortages during WWI.
Learn more about Czar Nicholas II and the causes of Username:
air35wheels
the Russian Revolution. http://goo.gl/2PJLs
World War II (1939-1945)
One major cause was unresolved issues from World
Capitalist, democratic US and communist,
War I and the hostility created by the Treaty of
dictatorship USSR emerge as super powers in
Versailles. Adolf Hitler is able to gain power quickly
direct competition with each other, creates the
in humiliated Germany. European powers follow
Cold War. Devastation allows Red Army and Mao
policy of appeasement with Hitler, allowing him to
Zedong to establish communism in China.
take more power in exchange for promises of no
further aggression. Germany invaded Poland in
Development and use of the first nuclear weapons.
1939, leading France and Great Britain to declare
US bombs Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
war on Germany.
Holocaust (genocide) kills more than 6 million
Japanese imperialism and need for raw materials
Jews.
starts war in the East after Manchuria is invaded.
United States enters the war after the December 7,
European colonies that helped mother country
fight in war push for independence.
1941 attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan.
Learn more about appeasement. http://goo.gl/Fq10i
The United Nations replaced the League of Nations.
Username:
air35wheels
4
Cold War (1945-1989)
Hostility between capitalist, democratic western
The US and the USSR compete to build the best
nations led by the United States and communist,
army with the most nuclear weapons.
totalitarian nations led by the USSR. Typically not an
Military blocs, NATO and the Warsaw Pact, were
open war, but there were a few exceptions:
formed to assure mutual defense for member
• Korean War (1950-1953) fight for control
nations.
between North (communist, supported by
USSR) and South (democratic, supported
The Korean War ended in a draw. The boundary
by the US) Korea.
remained at the 38th parallel. North Korea remains
• Vietnam War (1953-1975) fight for control
communist to this day.
between North (communist, supported by
USSR) and South (democratic, supported
The Vietnam War ended in defeat. Many Americans
by the US) Vietnam.
began to seriously question the US government;
Learn more about the Cuban Missile Crisis.
protests and dissatisfaction were common.
http://goo.gl/da8jC
Username:
Learn more about the end of the Cold War.
air35wheels
http://goo.gl/5J6t0
Create a timeline of the major armed conflicts and political revolutions.
Recognize different social, political, economic, and cultural systems
Social Systems
A social system organizes and orders society. The following are some examples of social systems in history.
• Feudalism in Medieval Europe and Japan. Feudalism was a
Japan v.
system of mutual obligations between members of society in
Europe
Europe and Japan. Military power was highly valued.
• Caste System. The caste system developed in ancient India
divided society into different levels. Once born into a caste,
people could not change castes. Jobs, marriages, privileges, etc.
were determined by caste.
• Apartheid. A modern example of a social system is the apartheid system in South Africa to strictly segregate the black
and white races. Apartheid was enforced from 1948 to 1994 and ended with the first democratic general elections in
which Nelson Mandela was elected president.
Another example of a social system is
Economic Systems
Capitalism/Free
Producers and consumers participate voluntarily. Consumer demand drives production. Ex: The United
Enterprise
States
Communism
Strong government planning and control of the production and distribution of goods and services. Ex:
China
Socialism
Collective social control of production planned by group. Ex: Switzerland
Traditional
Production of just enough to live on, subsistence level agriculture. Use of bartering instead of money.
Economy
Ex: some cultures in Third World countries.
Learn more about economic systems. http://goo.gl/LJjcU
Username:
air35wheels
5
Political Systems
Democracy
Totalitarianism
Government controlled by its citizens, either directly or indirectly (Ex: Directly - Ancient Athens; Indirectly:
United States)
Government control over every aspect of public and private life (Ex: Stalin in the U.S.S.R.)
Absolute
Monarchy
Limited Monarchy
King or Queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society (Ex: Louis XIV of
France)
Theocracy
Ruler control both religious and political affairs and is seen as divine. (Ex: Ancient Egypt)
Laws limit the power of a ruler (Ex: constitutional monarchy- England after the Glorious Revolution)
Oligarchy
Rule by a few, especially when rule is based on wealth (Ex: Greek city-states)
Learn more about types of governments. http://goo.gl/cVun4
Cultural Systems: Religions
Religion
Origin
Beliefs
Hinduism
India
Hindus believe in one Supreme Being, Brahman, that manifests as many different gods and
~1500 BC
goddesses. (Ex: Shiva, Vishnu, Ganesh, etc.) Reincarnation is the belief that at death a person’s
soul is reborn as another living thing. A person’s behavior in life is called karma. Karma
determines what a person will be reincarnated as. Living a good life results in being
reincarnated into a higher caste; living a bag life results in being reincarnated into a lower
caste. The most sacred location in Hinduism is the Ganges River which can wash away sin and
evil. The cow is considered sacred. Hindus do not eat beef.
Buddhism
India (modern Buddhism evolved from Hinduism. Founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha (“The
day Nepal)
Enlightened One”), Buddhism teaches that self-discipline and meditation can break the cycle
of reincarnation. Buddha taught that there are 4 Noble Truths that explain life’s meaning.
~ 520 BC
These are that pain and suffering are caused by desire and that to escape desire, people should
follow the 8-Fold Path. By following the 8-Fold Path, people can live a good life and reach
nirvana, a state of eternal peace and bliss.
Learn more about the spread of Buddhism. http://goo.gl/iJcS6
Judaism
Middle East
Judaism teaches monotheism – the belief in one God. The sacred test of Judaism is the Torah.
(modern day
It is the first books of the Bible, also known as the Old Testament. Central to the teachings of
Israel)
Judaism is the Ten Commandments which is a moral code of conduct that emphasizes living
~1300 BC
justly, believing in one God, honoring one’s parents, and not killing or stealing.
Learn about Judaism and Christianity. http://goo.gl/V6wFa
Christianity
Middle East
Christianity evolved from Judaism. Based on the teachings of Jesus. Jesus, a Jew, was thought
(modern day
by some to be the Messiah or Savior. He, along with his group of followers, the Apostles,
preached mercy, forgiveness, sympathy for the poor and helpless, and living justly. The reward
Israel)
~ 33 AD
for living a good life is going to Heaven in the afterlife. The Bible is the sacred text of
Christianity, consisting of the Old and New Testaments.
Learn more about the spread of Christianity. http://goo.gl/D47DC
Confucianism China
Confucius, a Chinese philosopher, taught that the universe and human relationships follow a
~ 551 BC
natural order. Each person has a role to play, and when everyone fulfills their obligations,
peace and harmony result. In every relationship there are superior and inferiors. Superiors
must show love and responsibility while inferiors must show loyalty and obedience. Filial piety
is love and respect that children should show to their parents. The Mandate of Heaven is the
right to rule, earned by the ruler for ruling well. If a ruler does not rule well, the people will
rebel.
Islam
Arabian
Muhammad is the founder of Islam. He believed that he had been selected to be the one true
Peninsula
Prophet of God. The Five Pillars of Islam teach that Muslims should have faith, pray 5 times a
day, contribute to charity, fast during the holy month of Ramadan, and make a pilgrimage to
(modern day
Mecca
once in their life, if able. The holy book of Islam is the Quran (also known as the Koran).
Saudi Arabia)
622 AD
Islam teaches that Allah is the same god as Judaism and Christianity.
Username:
Learn more about the Five Pillars of Islam. http://goo.gl/9lnld
air35wheels
Learn more about the spread of Islam. http://goo.gl/y7AMj
Sikhism
India
Sikhism developed in Northern India as the result of Muslim and Hindu beliefs. It was founded
~ 1500 AD
by Guru Granth Sahib. Sikhs believe in one God, like Islam, and reincarnation, like Hinduism.
Core beliefs are the equality of all people and the need for a close relationship with God. It
rejects the caste system.
6
Create a timeline of the founding of the major world religions.
Indicate on the map below the founding location of the major world religions.
Recognize the characteristics of civilizations and empires
• A civilization is a form of human culture in which people live. The characteristics include: a social structure, government,
religion, writing or record keeping, technology, and art or architecture. The first civilizations developed in the ancient river
valleys.
Learn more about the River Valley Civilizations. http://goo.gl/GJFKI
• An empire is a large geographic area of formerly independent states or countries under a single supreme authority, usually
known as an emperor or empress. Major empires in World History include the Roman Empire and the British Empire.
Learn about imperialism. http://goo.gl/IQ2FE
Identify the human and physical geographic factors that influence major events in world history
Physical and human geography impact world history. Some examples of this include:
• First civilizations developed near rivers because the rivers provided water for farming and irrigation and transportation for
trade.
• Trade in the Indian Ocean followed the seasonal monsoon patterns. These routes connected India, Africa, and the Middle
East, allowing for the spread of Islam and the development of the spice trade.
Learn more about Indian Ocean Trade. http://goo.gl/qMako
• The opening of canals like the Panama (1914) and Suez (1869), use technology to connect bodies of water to increase trade.
The creation of these canals makes the locations important in world trade and contributes to modernization of these
countries.
Other questions to consider
• What role did geography play in the development of the Greek civilization? (hint: Mountains)
•
How did geography influence the development of the Roman civilization? (hint: Mediterranean sea and roads)
7
•
What role did geography play in the Crusades? (hint: spices)
•
Why does the Americas develop so differently from Europe and the rest of the world before Columbus? (hint: oceans)
Match significant individuals, groups, and organizations with their social, political, economic, technological, and/or cultural
contributions (Combined with Level II: Describe the impact of significant individuals, groups, and organizations)
Individual / Group /
Category
Era
Contributions
Organization
Al-Qaeda
Political
Archimedes
Technological
Aquinas,
Thomas
Blackstone,
William
Bolivar, Simon
Political
Bonaparte,
Napoleon
Boyle, Robert
Calvin, John
Churchill,
Winston
Political
Political
Political
Technological
Political/
Cultural
Political
Copernicus
Technological
Curie, Marie
Technological
Edison, Thomas
Technological
Einstein, Albert
Technological
Elizabeth I
(Queen)
Political /
Cultural
Eratosthenes
Technological
Galileo
Technological
Gandhi, Indira
Political /
Social
Political /
Social
Gandhi,
Mohandas
1914Present
8000600
6001450
14501750
17501914
17501914
14501750
14501750
1914Present
6001450
17501914
17501914
1914 –
Present
14501750
8000600
14501750
1914Present
1914 –
Present
Gorbachev,
Mikhail
Political
1914Present
Hammurabi
Political
Hitler, Adolf
Political
8000 500
1914 –
Present
Terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden, responsible for 9/11 attacks
on the US
Greek mathematician who studied density, levers, pulleys, and invented a screw
water pump device.
Christian philosopher whose thoughts influenced politics; believed that truth is
known through faith and reason, people have right to challenge unjust laws.
English judge whose writing helped explained the common law and defined
rights of individuals
Independence leader in South America against the Spanish
Emperor of France who conquered much of Europe, sparking the Napoleonic
Wars; his law code became foundation of many modern European laws
“Father of Chemistry”
Began Protestant religion in Geneva; taught predestination, faith as key to
salvation, strict moral code; established theocracy
British Prime Minister during WWII
Username:
air35wheels
Learn more about Winston Churchill http://goo.gl/F80d6
Proposed heliocentricity (Earth rotates around the sun)
First woman to win Nobel prize for her work studying radioactivity
Invented light bulb, phonograph, motion pictures
Learn about how electric light changed the world. http://goo.gl/zzLUa
Discovered space and time are relative; contributed to the development of the
atomic bomb
Created a strong, centralized monarchy based on national unity and sharing
powers between monarchy and Parliament; Golden Age of England, supported
arts
Greek geographer who showed that Earth was round and also calculated the
circumference
Studied motion; telescope observations confirmed Copernican theory; tried and
convicted of heresy by the Catholic Church.
First female Prime Minister of India, later assassinated
Leader of Indian independence movements, advocated passive, non-violent
resistance
Learn more about Gandhi and Indian independence http://goo.gl/8sgfu
Reformed the USSR (Glasnost, Perestroika), leading to the election of nonCommunist governments in Eastern Europe and the dissolution of the Soviet
Union
Creator of the first written law code in history
Username:
air35wheels
Nazi leader of the totalitarian party in Germany, caused WWII and the Holocaust
Learn more about Adolf Hitler http://goo.gl/s6dBf
Username:
air35wheels
8
Hobbes, Thomas
Political
Jefferson,
Thomas
Justinian
Political
Las Madres de la
Plaza de Mayo
League of
Nations
Locke, John
Social
Mandela, Nelson
Political /
Social
Political
Marx, Karl
Meir, Golda
Montesquieu,
Charles de
Mother Teresa
Political
Political /
Social
Political
Political /
Social
Political
Social
Mussolini,
Benito
Newton, Isaac
Political
Pasteur, Louis
Technological
Pope John Paul
II
Pythagoras
Political/
Religious
Technological
Reagan, Ronald
Political
Romero, Oscar
Social
Roosevelt,
Franklin D.
Rousseau, John
Jacques
Sharansky,
Nathan
Political
Smith, Adam
Political
Stalin, Joseph
Political
Thatcher,
Margaret
Tiananmen
Square
protestors
Tojo, Hideki
Political /
Social
Social
Technological
Political
Social
Political
14501750
1750 –
1914
500600
1914 –
Present
1914 –
Present
14501750
1914 –
Present
1914Present
1914 –
Present
14501750
1914 –
Present
1914Present
1450 –
1750
17501914
1914 –
Present
8000 –
600
1914Present
1914 Present
1914Present
17501914
1914 –
Present
17501914
1914Present
1914 –
Present
1914 –
Present
1914 –
Present
Enlightenment philosopher who advocated for a strong central government in
order to protect the order of society
American author of the Declaration of Independence, the culmination of
Enlightenment philosophies into political action
Byzantine leader whose law code collected and organized all of Roman law into
a single code, foundational for laws in Europe
Mothers who demanded that the Argentinian government reveal the
whereabouts of children who mysteriously disappeared in the 1980s
International organization founded after WWI to prevent future conflicts
through cooperation
Philosopher; believed that people entered into social contract, that the power of
the government comes from the people, and that people have the right to
overthrow abusive governments
Imprisoned in South Africa for protesting against apartheid; after being released,
became first black President of South Africa
Philosopher, ideas became basis of communism; believed proletariat (workers)
would eventually overthrow bourgeoisie (wealthy, bosses)
First female Prime Minister of Israel
Philosopher, argued for need of separation of powers in government
Catholic nun who devoted her life to helping the poor and homeless living on the
streets of India; awarded Nobel Peace Prize
Leader of fascist party in Italy during WWII
Discovered the laws of gravity; promoted idea that universe followed orderly,
fixed, and fundamental laws
Discovered that diseases are caused by germs; developed vaccines; invented
pasteurization, the process of killing germs by heat
Polish pope, helped end Communism in Eastern Europe
Greek mathematician whose work advanced geometry
U.S. President who influenced the end of Communism; gave Berlin Wall speech
ordering Gorbachev to tear down the wall
Catholic archbishop of El Salvador who spoke out against poverty, social
injustice, and torture in his country; assassinated by a death squad
Longest serving US President; led US out of Great Depression and during WWII
Philosopher whose writing inspired French Revolution; government should
follow the people’s will
human rights activist that monitored human rights activities in the U.S.S.R.;
founder of the Refusenik movement; eventually settled in Israel where helped
settle new immigrants to Israel
Wrote “The Wealth of Nations,” advocated for a free-market economy
Communist leader of USSR during WWII and the Cold War
First woman elected Prime Minister of Great Britain
several thousand students who organized in Beijing to protest Deng
Xiaoping’s anti-democratic policies through demonstrations and hunger strikes;
symbolized by “Tank Man”
General who lead Japanese government in WWII, planned Pearl Harbor attacks
9
United Nations
Political /
Social
Political /
Social
1914 –
Present
1750 –
1914
Voltaire
Political
Walesa, Lech
Political
14501750
1914Present
Watt, James
Technological
Wilberforce,
William
Wilson,
Woodrow
Zedong, Mao
Social
Victoria (Queen)
Political
Political
1750 –
1914
1750 –
1914
1914 –
Present
1914Present
Replaced League of Nations; International organization which promotes world
peace though cooperation
Monarch who expanded England’s empire to height of power and wealth;
Username:
favorable toward social reforms
air35wheels
Learn more about Queen Victoria. http://goo.gl/ylnJ7
Enlightenment philosopher whose views on religious toleration and intellectual
freedom influenced American and French Revolutions
Polish dockworker who led strike to get Polish government to recognize the
Solidarity union, the first independent free-trade union in the Soviet bloc.
Elected president of Poland in 1990 after the fall of communism.
Invented the steam engine
Led the fight to abolish the slave trade and slavery
US President during WWI, Wilson’s plan for peace, the Fourteen Points, was
instrumental in the founding of the League of Nations
Chinese communist leader after WWII; brutal totalitarian whose policies included
the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution
Identify and use social studies sources
Historians study the past through the use of primary and secondary sources.
• A primary source is an original record or a first-hand testimony of an event. Ex: official records, letters by people
involved in the event, diaries, speeches, photographs, or artifacts
• Identify an event in history and list a primary source that could be used to study it :
•
A secondary source is the writing or interpr4eations of later writes who have reviewed the information in a primary
source. A secondary source interprets, assigns value to, reflection, or draws conclusions about events in primary
sources. Ex: textbooks, encyclopedias, etc.
• Identify another secondary source
Primary and secondary sources can be difficult to read sometimes. If you are having trouble reading a passage, try these steps.
• Skip the word you do not know. Can you understand the main idea without the word? If so, just move on and ignore
the word.
• Can you use context clues to make sense of the word? Is it related to a familiar word? Can you substitute it with a word
you do know?
Here’s a released EOC question. Practice working with words you may not know.
10
Level II – Satisfactory
Explain the causes and impact of armed conflicts and political revolutions
• See the chart on pages 2-5.
Analyze the historical development of political systems
Political Systems
Democracy
• First direct democracy begins in Ancient Athens. Wealthy, males born in Athens were considered
citizens and allowed to participate in the government. Each citizen has one vote.
• First modern democracy begins in the United States when colonies break away from England. The US
becomes a democratic republic; citizens vote for representatives to serve in the government.
Citizenship is originally limited to males and expanded to others over time.
Totalitarianism Totalitarianism exists throughout history in many forms. Some examples include:
• The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin
• Italy under Benito Mussolini
• Germany under Adolf Hitler
• China under Mao Zedong
• North Korea under Kim Il Jung
The
best
example of an absolute monarch is Louis XIV of France. He was called the Sun King because it was
Absolute
said that the sun rose and set with him. His slogan, “L’etat c’est moi,” or “I am the state” sums up his
Monarchy
importance to France.
Limited
Limited monarchies emerge as citizens push for more rights and power
• In England, the Magna Carta (1215), English Bill of Rights (1689), and English Civil War place limits on
Monarchy
the power of the monarchy and give more power to the Parliament.
Theocracy
In Ancient Egypt, the pharaohs were considered both gods and kings.
Oligarchy
Ancient Sparta was an oligarchy.
Describe the impact of significant individuals, groups, and organizations
• See the chart on pages 8-10.
Understand the development of trade and economic systems
• Silk Roads – Connects China and Rome. Silk and spices were traded to the west from China. Facilitates the spread of
religions (Christianity, Buddhism, Islam) and technology/ideas (paper, gunpowder, etc.).
Learn more about Silk Roads and ancient trade. http://goo.gl/XzaEN
• African Gold-Salt Trade – Arab and Berber traders took salt from the Sahara to West Africa in exchange for gold. Ghana
and Mali controlled the gold-salt trade.
• Indian Ocean Trade - Arab and Indian traders used the seasonal monsoon winds to their advantage, connecting India,
the Middle East, and Africa.
• Ming China (1368-1644) – Began expeditions to impress the world with their power and to expand their tribute system;
ended these voyages because of the financial burden and disinterest in the rest of the world. Chinese did trade with
Europeans who travelled to China. Europeans wanted silk and porcelain; the Chinese wanted silver.
• Slave trade – First large-scale slave trades begin in 7th century when Islamic traders trade good for Africans and
transport them to SW Asia. Slave trade in the Americas begins in the 1500s as Europeans needed workers for
agricultural plantations. Slaves in African and Muslim societies had legal rights and opportunity for social mobility;
slaves in modern Western societies did not.
Learn about the effects of the slave trade on the Americas. http://goo.gl/QO3Yf
• Free Trade – In the 20th century, countries banded together to eliminate barriers to trading between them. Ex:
European Union, NAFTA
Learn more about NAFTA. http://goo.gl/OsVbj Username:
air35wheels
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Label the trade systems listed on the map.
Identify the social, political, economic, and cultural causes and consequences of empire building
Social
Political
Economic
Cultural
Causes
• Racist attitudes that lead people
to believe that they are superior
to others, “White Man’s
Burden”
• Social Darwinism promoted the
idea of survival of the fittest;
those with the most wealth are
the fittest to survive
• Nationalism
• The desire for colonies
• Search for new markets and raw
materials
• Missionaries want to spread
their religion
Positive Consequences
• European military presence
reduces local warfare.
• Humanitarian efforts improve
sanitation and education.
• Colonial infrastructure aids in
economic growth.
• Products from colonies are
valued in the international
market.
Learn More about Imperialism in Africa http://goo.gl/rEMJp
List an example of an empire for each of the following time periods.
8000 – 600 BC:
600 – 1450:
1750 – 1914:
Are there any empires from 1914 – Present? Why/Why not?
Negative Consequences
• Native people lose their lands
and independence.
• When Europeans colonized new
lands, diseases they introduced
killed many people. (Ex: Aztec
and Incas killed by smallpox)
• Areas stripped of natural
resources. (Ex: The Congo under
the Belgians)
• Artificial boundaries either
combines rival groups or divides
kinship groups that continues to
create political problems in
former colonies.
Username:
air35wheels
600 - 500 BC:
1450-1750:
Analyze the influence of human and physical geographic factors on major events in world history
See the section “Identify the human and physical geographic factors that influence major events in world history” on page 7.
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Trace and explain the historical development of world cultures and religions
Religion
Spread and Current Adherents
Hinduism
Hinduism has more than 900 million adherents and dominates South Asia. It also influences Southeast and
Central Asia.
Buddhism
Buddhism has more than 350 million adherents and has spread to Central, Southeast, and East Asia.
Judaism
There are more than 14 million Jews, primarily in Israel, Europe, and North America.
Christianity
There are nearly 2 billion Christians in the world, spread throughout Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Asia
Islam
1.3 billion Muslims are spread throughout West and Southwest Asia, North Africa, and Southeast Asia.
Sikhism
Sikhism has more than 20 million adherents, mostly in India.
Confucianism There are nearly 5 million followers of Confucianism, mostly in China.
Create a bar graph comparing the number of followers of the world’s major religions.
Explain the impact of intellectual and social movements
Movement
Period Impact
The Renaissance
1450 –
• Political: Increased curiosity about the world leads to exploration.
1750
• Intellectual: Humanism focuses on the potential greatness of humans and the
study of classical Greek and Roman texts. The Renaissance was a secular
movement (less emphasis on religions, more worldly). Ideas were spread by the
printing press
• Artistic: Use of perspective to make art more 3-dimentsional. Michelangelo,
Donatello, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael were great masters.
• Economic: Merchant class develops power through trade and banking.
• Religious: Christian humanists want to improve society through faith and good
works, not religious ceremony. Increase attention paid to corruption in Catholic
Church.
Username:
air35wheels
Learn more about the Renaissance. http://goo.gl/mUfwy
Protestant Reformation 1450 –
• Political: Europe becomes fragmented, either Catholic or Protestant. The state
1750
becomes more powerful than the church. Wars over religion break out in Germany,
England, and France.
• Intellectual: Protestantism encourages education. Rising sense of individualism.
• Artistic: More common to paint people and day to day scenes or narrative scenes
from Bible; less common to paint saints and icons.
• Economic: Growth of economic powers of the middle class; capitalism
• Religious: Catholicism is no longer foundation of society; Catholic counterreformation establishes Jesuits, etc.; use of vernacular increases; persecution of
both Catholics and Protestants; the Inquisition begins in Spain
Username:
Learn more about the Reformation. http://goo.gl/pDVeJ
air35wheels
Scientific discoveries by Copernicus, Galileo, Boyle, Newton, etc. stem from the curiosity
Scientific Revolution
1750 1914
and intellectual freedom sparked by the Renaissance and Reformation. Belief in a rational,
orderly universe influences political ideas.
People like Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Hobbes searches for laws to govern human
The Enlightenment
1750 –
behavior. Philosophes applied reasons to all aspects of life, including truth, nature,
1914
happiness, progress, and liberty. This led to reforms in government and inspired the
American and French revolutions.
Username:
air35wheels
Learn more about the Enlightenment. http://goo.gl/smvNs
Abolitionist Movements 1750In the 1800s, slavery and the slave trade were slowly abolished worldwide.
1914
13
Describe the development and impact of science and technological innovations
Invention
Time
Impact
Period
Printing Press
1450 –
Invented by Johannes Gutenberg, the printing press allowed for the mass production of
1750
printed materials, spreading ideas and movements like the Protestant Reformation and
increasing literacy rates.
Steam Engine
1750 –
Invented by James Watt, the steam engine allowed for the development of factories, the
1914
railroad, etc.
Learn more about the inventions of the Industrial Revolution. http://goo.gl/d1OJ2
Textile
1750 –
Several inventions allowed for the transition from cottage industry to commercial industry
Manufacturing
1914
in textile (cloth) manufacturing. These included the spinning jenny and the power loom.
The textile industry was the first to industrialize in the Industrial Revolution.
Military technology
1914 –
During World War I and World War II, several new technologies were invented. During
Present
WWI, these included the machine gun, mustard gas, etc. During WWII, atomic weapons
were invented. These inventions modernized warfare and created more casualties than
previous wars.
Telecommunications 1914 –
Telecommunications includes the development of mass communication via satellites,
Present
computers, the Internet, and television. This allows culture and news to spread quickly and
cheaply around the world.
Computer
1914 –
Small computers were originally developed to fit into space capsules and then were
Present
adapted for consumer use. Computers and the internet allow people to transmit
information and complete business transitions quickly and cheaply.
Modern
1914 –
Different types of transportation, like airplanes, bullet trains, supertankers, and interstate
Transportation
Present
highways in the US, allow for people and goods to move quickly across the world.
Modern Medicine
1914 –
The invention of medicines like penicillin and technologies like ultrasounds, CAT scans, and
Present
MRIs, allows doctors to treat more illnesses and preserve human life more than ever before
in history.
Recognize the historical context reflected in various sources of information
When interpreting primary and secondary source documents, it is important to consider the historical context, or background
information about author and the time and place in which the document was written. To help you remember what elements to
consider, use the acronym APPARTS.
• A – Author – Who created the source? What do you know about the author? What’s the author’s point of view?
• P – Place and Time – Where and when was the source produced? How might this affect the meaning of the source?
• P – Prior Knowledge – What else do you know that would help you understand the primary source?
• A – Audience – For who was the source created and how might this affect the reliability of the source?
• R – Reason – Why was the source produced when it was produced?
• T – The Main Idea – What point if the source trying to convey?
• S – Significance – Why is this source important? What inferences can you draw from this document? As yourself, “So
what?” in relation to the question asked.
Use the APPARTS method to analyze the primary source in this released EOC question.
A
P
P
A
R
T
S
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Level III – Advanced
Evaluate the impact of intellectual and social movements, religion, technological innovations, and economics on armed
conflicts, political revolutions, and the development of political systems
This criterion for success is about understanding cause and effect. You’ve learned about intellectual and social movements,
religion, technological innovations, economics, armed conflicts, political revolutions, and the development of political systems.
The test writers want to know if you can effectively connect the events together in history. An example is the Protestant
Reformation and the American and French Revolution. The Protestant Reformation was a time when the structure of society
and politics in Europe was threatened. People emerged from this more willing to question authority and seek answers outside
of religion. During the Scientific Revolution, people began to question the working of the universe and apply laws to nature. This
led to philosophers to consider the laws of society, a time period known as the Enlightenment. Enlightenment philosophies
were one cause the American and French Revolution.
Practice connecting these events.
Invention of the steam engine
Imperialism
Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto
The Cold War
Indian Caste System
Mohandas Gandhi
Can you think of another connection?
Evaluate the impact of intellectual and social movements, religion, technological innovations, and politics on the development
of economic and trade systems
Economic and trade systems are products of the societies in which they operate. They can be influenced by various factors.
Factor
How It Influences Economic / Trade Systems
Intellectual and
• Karl Marx wrote “The Communist Manifesto” as a criticism of abuses during the Industrial Revolution. His
Social Movements
ideas would later be transformed into state-wide economic systems in the USSR, Cuba, etc.
• The Renaissance sparked curiosity about the world outside of Europe, inspiring merchants to travel to
Username:
Asia to trade. One merchant, Christopher Columbus, “discovered” the Americas as a result. Learn more
air35wheels
about Columbus and exploration. http://goo.gl/sNnHu
Religion
• Missionaries seeking to spread their religion use establish trade routes and encourage further trade.
• Religion influenced the slave trade. Muslims would not buy slaves who were also Muslims. Christian
morality played a large part in the abolition of the slave trade in the Americas.
Technological
• Inventions both increase the number and production rate of goods and speeds up the transportation of
Innovations
goods from one place to another.
Politics
• Because governments rely on tax money to operate, supporting economics and trade is a central
concern of all political systems. Political systems can adopt communism, socialism, or free market, etc.
economies to support their goals.
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Analyze changes and continuities in social, political, economic, and cultural systems
History changes frequently, but some things stay the same throughout time. Changes tend to be easy to see and understand. Turning
points, or major changes, mark the shift from one era to the next. World History is divided into 6 eras. Continuities tend to be related
to core beliefs or values. For example, one aspect that continues in all of human history is the belief in religions or the use of
technology. These aspects may change over time, but the core idea is still there.
Use your knowledge of social studies to complete the chart below.
Era
How is this era different from the last? What changes?
8000 –
600 BC
600 –
500 BC
n/a
How is this era the same as the last? What stays the
same?
n/a
600 –
1450 AD
1450 –
1750 AD
1750 –
1914 AD
1914 –
Present
Analyze historical justifications and interpretations through the examination of multiple and varied sources
There will be numerous primary and secondary source passages on the EOC. One task you’ll be asked to do is to examine the
primary source to identify reasons why something happened in history. Here are two examples from the released EOC questions.
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