Dr. K. A. Korb
University of Jos
10/3/2015
Learning Goals
Behaviorism:
Classical Conditioning
Dr. K. A. Korb
University of Jos
Behaviorism Overview
Behaviorism definition of learning:
Relatively permanent change in behavior
as the result of experience.
There are two types of behaviorism:
1.
2.
Classical Conditioning: Association of
involuntary responses with new stimuli
Operant Conditioning: Voluntary behavior
is strengthened or weakened by punishment
or rewards
Components of classical conditioning
Identify the Unconditioned Stimulus,
Unconditioned Response, Conditioned
Stimulus, and Conditioned Response in a
Classical Conditioning learning situation
Phases of classical conditioning
Important factors in classical conditioning
Applications of classical conditioning
Involuntary Stimuli
Salivation
Nausea
Increased or decreased heart rate
Reflex (e.g., jumping)
Certain emotions (e.g., fear)
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Dr. K. A. Korb
University of Jos
10/3/2015
Phases of Classical
Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
(Pavlov, 1927)
Before Conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus (food)
Unconditioned Response
(salivation)
Neutral Stimulus (bell)
No Conditioned Response
(no salivation)
During Conditioning
Neutral Stimulus (bell)
+
Unconditioned Stimulus (food)
Unconditioned Response
(salivation)
After Conditioning
Conditioned Stimulus (bell)
Conditioned Response
(salivation)
Law of Association
Classical Conditioning
Unconditioned:
Unlearned/Involuntary
Neutral:
Classical Conditioning
Stimulus:
Response:
Event that activates
a behavior
Reaction to stimulus
Unconditioned
Unconditioned
Stimulus
Response
Neutral Stimulus
No natural association
Conditioned:
Learned by association
Conditioned
Stimulus
Conditioned
Response
Unconditioned Stimulus: Stimulus that
triggers unconditioned response
Unconditioned Response: Unlearned
response to an unconditioned stimulus
Neutral Stimulus: Stimulus that does not
naturally elicit a response
Conditional Stimulus: Neutral stimulus that
comes to evoke a classically conditioned
response
Conditioned Response: Learned response to
a classically conditioned stimulus
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Dr. K. A. Korb
University of Jos
10/3/2015
Classical Conditioning
Example
Classical Conditioning
Example
Before Conditioning
Before Conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus
(Loud Noise)
Unconditioned Response
(Flinch)
Neutral Stimulus
(Needle to Balloon)
No Conditioned Response
(No Flinching)
Unconditioned Stimulus
(Sickness)
Unconditioned Response
(Nausea)
Neutral Stimulus
(Apple Juice)
No Conditioned Response
(No Nausea)
During Conditioning
Neutral Stimulus (Needle to Balloon)
+
Unconditioned Stimulus (Loud Noise)
During Conditioning
Unconditioned Response
(Flinch)
Neutral Stimulus (Apple Juice)
+
Unconditioned Stimulus (Sickness)
After Conditioning
Conditioned Stimulus
(Needle to Balloon)
Unconditioned Response
(Nausea)
After Conditioning
Conditioned Response
(Flinch)
Classical Conditioning
Example
Conditioned Response
(Nausea)
Conditioned Stimulus
(Apple Juice)
Classical Conditioning
Before Conditioning
Before Conditioning
Unconditioned Stimulus
(Father)
Unconditioned Response
(Like)
Unconditioned Stimulus
Unconditioned Response
Neutral Stimulus (TV show)
No Conditioned Response
(Neutral)
Neutral Stimulus
No Conditioned Response
Unconditioned Response
(Like)
Neutral Stimulus
+
Unconditioned Stimulus
During Conditioning
Neutral Stimulus (TV show)
+
Unconditioned Stimulus (Father)
During Conditioning
After Conditioning
Conditioned Stimulus
(TV Show)
Unconditioned Response
After Conditioning
Conditioned Response
(Like)
Conditioned Stimulus
Conditioned Response
Remember: The Response must be involuntary!
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Dr. K. A. Korb
University of Jos
10/3/2015
Summary of Classical
Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Humans and animals learn reliable
predictive relationships between the
US and CS
Law of Association
Timing of CS and US
Timing of CS and US
CS
CS
US
US
CS
US
CS
US
CS
US
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Dr. K. A. Korb
University of Jos
10/3/2015
Important Factors in Classical
Conditioning
Frequency with which the unconditioned
stimulus and neutral stimulus are paired
More frequent pairing means stronger classical
conditioning
Timing of the stimulus presentations
Stronger conditioning results when the neutral
stimulus is presented closer in timing together
with the unconditioned stimulus
Emotional force of the response
Classical Conditioning
Generalization: A similar conditioned
stimulus results in a conditioned
response
Discrimination: A similar conditioned
stimulus does not result in a
conditioned response
Stronger emotional force results in stronger
classical conditioning
Applications of Classical
Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Extinction: Conditioned stimulus no longer
elicits conditioned response
Occurs when conditioned stimulus occurs
repeatedly without unconditioned stimulus
During Extinction
Neutral Stimulus (bell)
WITHOUT
Unconditioned Stimulus (food)
Unconditioned Response
(salivation)
After Extinction
Conditioned Stimulus (bell)
No Conditioned Response
Health Psychology: Painful treatments
can become associated with a neutral
stimulus (e.g., food, smells)
Clinical Psychology: Fears can be
developed and treated through principles
of classical conditioning
Social Psychology: Attitudes to neutral
objects can be shaped by pairing with
emotionally charged stimuli
(No salivation)
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