When we exercise we use several systems the main 3
systems are the Respiratory , the circulatory , and the
muscular system . Lots of parts in our body work when
we exercise like the heart , the lungs and blood vessels .
The First system that is involved when we
exercise is the respiratory system. This system helps
provide our body with oxygen it needs.
Breathing
The first process in the respiratory system is breathing.
Breathing is breathing in oxygen and breathing out
carbon-dioxide. If you stop breathing you’ll die ,
Breathing is essential .When we start breathing we
breathe automatically always every second of your life ,
since you were born and until you die.
After we breathe in air , it goes through the trachea
which is also known as the wind pipe.
The trachea is a pipe that connects to your lungs . In the
trachea there are tiny hairs called Cilia , these catch
mucus and dirt before it goes into the lungs.
There is a muscle that helps us breathe and its called the
diaphragm. The Diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle and
it is located under the lungs. When we breathe in the
diaphragm contracts and the lungs expand to make more
room for oxygen . When we breathe out the lungs deflate
and the diaphragm relaxes.
Lungs
The lungs are the main organs in the
respiratory system. The lungs are
located in the chest and rest on top of
the diaphragm. The lungs are
protected by 12 sets of ribs and it is
called the Rib cage.
The lungs are pink and Squishy like a
sponge. The lungs are not the same
size, the left lung is smaller than the right lung to make
room for the heart which is behind it. The lungs are also
covered in a slick layer called the pleural membrane ,
this helps the lungs to move during breathing.
There are 3 parts in the lungs and the first one is when
the trachea splits into two parts to fit both of the lungs
this is the bronchus. The Bronchus is the main tube to the
lungs the plural word for bronchus is bronchi , The
bronchus allows air into the lungs .
The next part of the lungs is the bronchioles , they are
connected to the bronchus, They keep on getting smaller
and smaller as more bronchioles
connect to each other . The
bronchioles are as a thickness of a
hair and there are 30,000 in each
lung , they transport air to and from
the alveoli.
The alveoli is the last part of the
lungs , The Alveoli are clumps of air
sacs that are located at the end of
each bronchiole . There are 600,0000 alveoli in the lungs,
They fill up with air when you breathe in ( inhale). And
when they fill up with air they allow the air to travel to
your blood , The alveoli is surrounded by blood vessels
called capillaries.
Blood
Blood is also part of the respiratory system . The
capillaries are small enough for blood cells to be in
single file. The air in the alveoli gets transferred to the
lungs to breathe out.
Exercise
Exercise is , running, jumping , skipping skiing and etc.
Now This is what happens when you exercise, When
you Exercise your body needs more oxygen. While you
are exercising you breathe faster and deeper . We
breathe in 3 litres or more, 50 time or more per minute.
The second system involved in exercise is the
circulatory system also known as the cardiovascular
system . this system is all about pumping blood around
the body.
Heart
The most important organ in the circulatory system is
the heart . The heart is located in the left middle side of
the chest , it is located there because it is close to all of
the important organs in our body . if you are wondering
why the heart should be close to all our important it’s
because the organs need oxygen and nutrients and the
other reason is because it is easier to pump blood to the
upper body . The heart is behind the rib cage and the rib
cage provides protection to the lungs and the heart which
is behind the left lung. The left lung is smaller than the
other to make more room for the heart . have you ever
seen a muscle working all day and all night? It is the
heart ! The heart is a red coloured muscle and it is the
size of its owners fist. The heart muscle is a special
muscle, its not like the rest of the muscles , the heart
muscle fibres are spiral instead of straight, they are like
that to make the heart muscle stronger.
The heart has 4 different parts which are called
chambers , and there are 2 different sides, the left side
and the right side.
The right side has a right ventricle , a right atrium and
the tricuspid valve . The right ventricle pumps the blood
to the pulmonary artery and the right atrium receives
deoxygenated blood from the body. The Tricuspid is
the valve between the atrium and ventricle , it also allows
blood from the ventricle to the atrium.
The left Atrium receives oxygenated blood from the
lungs , And the left ventricle pumps the blood to the
aorta . The bicuspid valve is the valve between the
ventricle and the atrium, and it also allows blood into the
left ventricle.
Nerves
The sympathic nerves receive impulses from the brain
That tells the heart to beat, they also tell the heart rate
and force to increase when needed .
The parsympathic nerves tell the heart to slow down
when needed.
3 circulations
There are three circulations in the circulatory system and
one of them is the pulmonary circulation. This carries
the blood to and from the heart and the lungs
The bronchial circulation supplies blood to tissue of the
larger air wungs in the lungs
Another circulation is the coronary circulation it’s the
circulation of blood to the cardiac muscle (the heart).
Coronary vessels carry blood around the body, They are
always working and they need oxygen and nutrients to
work they also take waste away.
The last circulation is the systemic circulation . systemic
circulation sends blood around the body and provides
send oxygen and nutrients to all our body cells It also
takes away waste from the bodies cells
Blood vessels
The next important part of the circulatory system is the
blood vessels , There are 3 types of blood vessels one of
them are the arteries . Arteries have 4 layer and they are
the tunica media , tunica adventitia , the lumen layers
and the tunica intima .
The Tunica adventitia contacts blood
vessels to supply arteries with oxygen
and nutrients .
The Tunica Media is a muscular layer ,
The muscular layer is thick in an
artery , it also creates higher pressure. The tunica media
is also an elastic layer, it is elastic so they can move .
The tunica media is the inner lining , it is made of
ethodical cells.
The lumen lining is the hollow centre of vessels , The
lumen is not as wide as a veins lumen . The lumen layer
creates a very high pressure .
Capillaries
The Capillaries are small , and they don’t have 3 tunica
layers the capillaries has 1 layer of enthical cells.
Veins
The veins have the same structure as arteries . but the
have some differences , The first difference is that the
lumen is wider and it has a lower pressure system , It
Also has a Thinner Tunica media and less pressure too.
Veins have certain values . those values are that the
veins stop blood from going to the wrong direction it
acts as reservoir it also allows blood to pool.
Appearance
All blood vessels look alike but their sizes aren’t the
same. The blood vessels are whitish in the body. Veins
under skin appear blue , and that is because the light can
penetrate the skin . In text books arteries are red and
veins are blue to know which is which .
Types
There are 3 types of blood vessels and one of them is
Arteries . Arteries are deep inside the body unlike the
veins and that is to protect them (The Arteries). The
arteries transport oxygenated blood from the heart.
The heart has a very high pressure so that means if you
cut an artery it will squirt with each heart beat until you
die but that doesn’t mean that you can’t survive. The
arteries keep on getting smaller and smaller until they
become arterials. The arteries are in the same place in all
people.
The second type of blood vessels are capillaries , Arteries
filter blood into capillaries. Capillaries Deposit oxygen
and nutrients to cells . Capillaries transfers waste and
carbon dioxide to blood .
Veins
The veins are the last type of blood vessels . veins carry
deoxygenated blood to the heart. Veins have lower
pressure than arteries and if you cut one of them the
blood will dribble instead of squirting . Veins also keep
on getting bigger and bigger from capillaries they
become venules and then veins . There are many veins
lie just under your skin minor veins are different from
person to person.
Vessels around the heart
There are many vessels around the heart and one of them
is the pulmonary artery . The pulmonary artery carries
deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
. It Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart .
The other one is the aorta . The Aorta is the largest
artery in the body , and it’s job is to take oxygenated
blood from the left ventricle and pump it around the
body .
The last blood vessel is the vena cava . the vena cava are
the 2 main veins the superior vena cava and the Inferior
vena cava Returns blood from the lower body to the heart
Blood heats our body
Did you know that blood is the reason that our body is
warm? Blood takes heat from busy places like the heart,
liver and the lungs. After the blood takes heat from busy
places it spread it evenly around the body.
Four main parts
There are four main parts in the blood and one of them is
the red blood cells .
Red blood cells are what make the blood red , half the
volume of the blood is red blood cells . there are billions
of them in blood, The red blood cells also transport
things like carrying oxygen to cells in our body or
carrying waste and carbon dioxide.
The other main part is white blood cells . the white blood
cells are the biggest cells in the blood. They clean the
blood from germs and things like that They also fight
diseases .
The second last main part is platelets. Platelets are the
smallest in the blood there are billions of them in the
blood , They help the blood clot when you get a cut.
The last main part is plasma . The plasma is a watery
substance . The other parts float in it , plasma is also
what makes the blood a liquid . the plasma carries
nutrients to cells , waste to the kidneys it also carries
body control substances and they are called hormones .
Kidneys
Kidneys are a part of the urinary system
but they also play an important job in the
circulatory system .
In the Circulatory system their job is to clean the blood
they also dispose of waste through urine . the kidneys
Get rid of physical waste from the blood.
You actually have two kidneys but you can live with one
. The kidneys are located in your back just below the
middle , the kidneys are the shape of a bean .In the
kidneys there are 100 000 000 tiny filters called nephrons
in cortex . The ureter is the tube where waste trickles to
bladder .
Exercise
When we exercise the system accelerates by that I mean
it works faster, The heart pumps faster and harder and it
has to pump and this is because has to pump the blood
around the body quicker . When the heart pumps faster
The bodies cells need more oxygen and nutrients and
the body cells dispose of more waste .
The muscular System is all about
muscles it is the 3rd system used
in exercise . there are different
types of muscles, They a have
different appearance and different movements.
There are 3 types of muscles voluntary ,
Involuntary , and the cardiac muscle.
Voluntary muscles are skeletal muscles .
Skeletal muscles are very adaptable , they are
used in different situations like writing and
exercising. skeletal muscles are used for
moving the body and they only move when
needed. Skeletal muscles are connected to
bones like biceps, triceps and other muscles.
They muscles move with thought.
The second type is involuntary muscles which
are also known as smooth muscles. Smooth
muscles move without conscious thought .
They are controlled by the autonomic nervous
system .Vital body processes like the heart
beating , breathing and digesting (stomach and
intestines) are controlled by these . They are
needed to survive . Smooth muscles are walls
of hollow structures in the body .
The last type of muscle is the cardiac muscle
And it is the heart. The heart is classified as
involuntary , but it is smooth on the inside
however a skeletal muscle on the outside .
All, of the muscles have different appearances
. skeletal muscles half of the bodies weight
and there are more than 640 muscles on an
average human’s body . Skeletal muscles are
red in colour , because of the blood in them.
Skeletal muscles have different layers , There
is a layer just under the skin and it is called
the superficial layer ,The second layer is called
the deeper layer and some muscles
have 3 layers and the third layer is called the
medical layer . the skeletal muscles come in
different shapes and sizes. All muscles are the
same on the inside and most of them are long
and slim and Some are different for example ,
Pecs (pectorals)
Are fan shaped, the abdominal wall is broad
and wide and it is shaped like a flat sheet.
There are some interesting facts about
muscles. The gluteus Maximus (your
buttocks) are the biggest muscles in the body.
Smooth muscles are another type of muscle ,
they have a smooth surface . They also have a
reddish Appearance like skeletal muscles.
Each muscle type have parts There are 2 parts
in muscle and they are fibres and tendons .
The skeletal muscle fibres are bundled
together . Each one is slightly smaller than
a hair and Each fibre is made of dozens of
smaller parts called fibrils. They are bound
up together by a connective tissue called
Epimysium. The muscle fibres are
divided into groups by a sheath called
perimysium. Within a
groups each fibre is
surrounded by
Indomysium.
and they have blood vessels around them.
Each fibre contains thinner threads , big
muscles have more fibres . They are
striated at microscopic level . skeletal
muscles have tendons. Tendons attach at
each end of a muscle . Tendons are
strengthened by strong thick fibres or
collagen Tendons are even stronger than
super glue .
The smooth muscle fibres are not striated
and that makes them smooth .they don’t
have tendons and they help Hollow
structures in the body to move , i.e. , gut ,
intestines.
The cardiac muscle fibres are special form of
striated fibres. They are arranged in a
spiral pattern. That helps to squeeze the
blood through . the cardiac muscle has no
tendons as its constantly moving.
Each muscle type moves in different ways. Skeletal
muscles move with conscious thought . The
movement of the muscles are controlled by the
brain , but we have to think about moving.
When muscles contract they cannot get longer ,
but they shorten to 70% of the relaxed length .
skeletal muscles are adaptable , they exert small
force.
For example picking up a feather and greater force
like lifting a heavy object. Skeletal muscles tire
easily, they also need a period of rest , they use
glucose(sugar) as fuel. Skeletal muscles react to
certain things almost instantly.
Smooth muscles move without thought. They are
controlled by the autonomic nervous system,
smooth muscles are involved in the regulation of
our bodies internal environment . They contract
in a gradual synchronised manner and are much
slower than skeletal muscles. They have the motion
of a wave in some organs e.g. guts and intestines .
Smooth muscles never get tired , they keep
steadily contracting for a long period of time. They
are working all the time , for example used in eyes
controlling size of pupil and lens , digestion , in
the skin, reacts to hairs and skin feelings and , They
regulate size of lumens in blood vessels . Smooth
muscles respond to stress. they change body
functions for different situations like when you are
nervous, excited , etc.
The cardiac muscle is another name for the heart .
the heart moves without though even though it is
striated like a skeletal muscle . The heart is tireless
. it speeds up and slows down when needed , the
heart contracts like a wave to push the blood out .
the cardiac muscle has the ability to contract
spontaneously and it will beat for a short time
after removed from the body
When we exercise muscles move quicker muscles
will need more glucose as they are using more
energy. When muscles tire , they can cramp if they
are over tired. When we exercise we damage
muscle fibres to build stronger ones . when they
heal they become thicker and stronger .
Other systems we used during exercise as your
using energy and oxygen quicker The heart beats
faster , blood vessels transport more blood, and we
also breathe quicker
When we exercise we use 3 main systems however
we use other systems like the skeletal system, the
urinary system and others . As it is seen , all our
body systems work together.