BIOLOGY 1030
WINTER 2009
THINGS TO STUDY FOR THE LECTURE FINAL
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This document is directed towards the evening section (A15) only. It will cover similar
material as the video lectures but in a different order.
If you are not in section A15 be advised this review may not reflect what it is you need to know
for your final exam.
MICROORGANISMS
1. What shapes and arrangements do bacteria come in?
2. Draw a bacterium and label all of its structures.
3. How is binary fission similar to mitosis?
a. How is it different?
4. What is the ancestor for the fungi and what phyla of Fungi do we see.
5. Draw and describe in detail the haplontic life cycle.
6. Compare and contrast asexual and sexual spore production in the fungal phyla.
7. What are the basic characteristics of the 5 fungal phyla we discussed?
a. How do their life cycles compare?
b. What are distinguishing characteristics of each?
c. Can you recognize the members of each phylum?
8. How do fungi acquire their nutrients?
9. How did eukaryotic cells evolve?
10. Why are the green algae considered the ancestors to the land plants?
11. Describe the symbiotic relationship found in lichens.
PLANT DIVERSITY
1. What is the basic definition of a plant?
2. Which plants (taxa) have the following:
a. Homospores or heterospores
b. Vascular tissues
c. Seeds
d. Cones
e. Flowers
3. What are the major trends seen in the evolution of the land plants?
a. What are the challenges of dry land that these plants encountered during their evolution?
4. Draw and describe in detail the haplodiplontic life cycle.
a. What are the dominant stages of each plant phylum?
5. Describe the structure of both the sporophyte and gametophyte of each of the four plant phyla.
6. How is gender determined in the different gametophytes?
7. Compare and contrast the seeds of the gymnosperms and angiosperms.
– Think pollination, structure (and their origins), nutritional source, dispersal, etc.
8. Compare and contrast the structure of monocots and dicots.
PLANT REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT, FORM & FUNCTION
1. What organs do plants possess? Tissues? Cells?
a. Compare and contrast the structures and functions of each.
2. How is the dependence (or lack thereof) on water reflected in the plants’ structures?
3. Compare and contrast pollination in the seed plants.
4. What are the organs of the embryo?
a. What do they develop into?
5. What is required for seed germination?
6. What structures produce the tissues of a growing plant?
a. How do roots grow? Lateral roots?
b. How do shoots grow?
c. How do leaves grow?
d. What are the mechanisms of cell elongation in each?
7. Diagram and label cross sections of the roots and stems from dicots and monocots.
8. How can the organs of plants be modified to meet specific needs?
9. What cellular processes occur in the cells of a root, shoot and leaf?
10. How do plants prevent/control water loss?
11. Describe the lateral or secondary growth in woody plants.
a. What tissues are involved and which tissues are produced?
MEETING TISSUE NEEDS II
1. What do plant cells/tissues need?
2. Review the basics of photosynthesis from Biology 1020. You should know the reactants and
products for each stage.
3. How do plants generate ATP for cellular work?
4. What are the essential nutrients for plants and how do they use them?
a. How are these essential nutrients acquired?
5. How does bulk flow work?
6. How does water potential drive transpiration?
a. Describe the role of cohesion and adhesion in transpiration.
7. Under what conditions would stomata be open? Closed?
8. Describe translocation.
a. What are the sources and sinks?
9. How do plants absorb nutrients and water?
a. How do they control absorption?
10. Describe root pressure.
PLANT COORDINATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
In general, how do plants react to stimuli?
What are secondary messengers and where do you see them used?
What are some ways that plants protect themselves from predation?
Where are growth regulators produced?
a. Where are they used?
b. What are the functions of the growth regulators we discussed in class?
5. Compare and contrast phototropism and gravitropism.
6. Describe the mechanisms of apical dominance, the triple response, leaf abscission and fruit
ripening.
LIST OF IMPORTANT TERMS
MICROORGANISMS
Coccus
Bacillus
Coccobacillus
Spiral
Pleomorphic
Nucleoid
Capsule
Pilus
Bacterial flagellum
Binary fission
Internal membranes
Heterocysts
Hypha
Mycelium
Haplontic
Plasmogamy
Karyogamy
Heterokaryotic
Rhizoids
Coenocytic
Sporangium
Zygosporangium
Arbuscular mycorrhiza
Ascocarp
Ascospore
Conidia
Basidiocarp
Basidiospore
Mixotroph
Endomembrane theory
Endosymbiotic theory
Pigment
Accessory pigment
Blade
Stipe
Holdfast
Lichen
Mycobiont
Photobiont
Dermal tissue
Protonema
Gametophores
Thallus
Cuticle
Xylem
Phloem
Parenchyma
Collenchymas
Sclerenchyma
Perennial
Annual
Antheridiogen
Sporophyll
SAM
RAM
Sorus
Ovule
Pollen
Mega(micro)sporangium
Mega(micro)sporocyte
Mega(micro)spore
Mega(micro)gametophyte
Monocot
Dicot
Simple fruit
Aggregate fruit
Compound fruit
Accessory fruit
PLANT DIVERSITY
Autotrophic
Haplodiplontic
Sporophyte
Gametophyte
Spore
Sporangium
Gametangium
Archegonium
Antheridium
Shoot
Rhizome
Root
Leaf
Vascular tissue
Ground tissue
PLANT REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT, FORM & FUNCTION
Homospory
Heterospory
Direct pollination
Indirect pollination
Micropyle
Double fertilization
Endosperm
Cotyledon
Epicotyl
Hypocotyl
Radicle
Trichome
Cuticle
Vessel element
Tracheid
Sieve-tube element
Companion cell
Lignin
Sclerid
Fibre
Primary root
Lateral root
Adventitious root
Zone of division
Zone of elongation
Zone of maturation
Meristem cell
Turgor pressure
Wall pressure
Stele
Pericycle
Endodermis
Cortex
Pith
Terminal bud
Node
Internode
Axillary bud
Stipule
Petiole
Blade
Simple leaf
Compound leaf
Pinnate
Palmate
Alternate leaves
Opposite leaves
Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Stomata
Guard cells
Abscission
Whorls
Sepal
Petal
Stamen
Pistil/Carpel(s)
Vascular cambium
Secondary xylem
Secondary phloem
Cork cambium
Cork
Periderm
Water potential
Transpiration
Cohesion
Adhesion
Translocation
Source
Sink
Mass flow hypothesis
Root hair
Mycorrhiza
Nitrogen fixation
Symplast
Apoplast
Root pressure
Growth regulator
Auxin
Cytokinin
Gibberelin
Ethylene
Abscissic acid
Acid-growth hypothesis
Phototropism
Gravitropism
Apical dominance
Aleurone
Triple response
MEETING TISSUE NEEDS II
Photosynthesis
Essential mineral
Active transport
Secondary transport
Bulk flow
Xylem sap
Phloem sap
PLANT COORDINATION
Etiolation
De-etiolation
Signal transduction
Thigmomorphogenesis
Pulvinus
Turgor pressure
TAXA AND COMMON NAMES YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR
DOMAIN
Bacteria
KINGDOM
Monera
Eukarya
Excavata *
Opisthokonta *
Chromalveolata *
Archaeplastida *
PHYLUM
COMMON NAMES
bacteria
Euglenoids
Nucleariids
Brown algae
Red algae
Green algae
Fungi
Chitridiomycota
Zygomycota
Glomeromycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
the chytrids
molds
mycorrhizae
sac fungi
club fungi
Plantae
Bryophyta
Pterophyta
Coniferophyta
Anthophyta
the mosses
the ferns
the conifers
the flowering plants
* These are Supergroups (a taxon above Kingdom) that I only include for reference; you do not need
to know these names.