WJEC
Level 2 Certificate in Latin Literature
Unit 9542
Latin Literature Narratives
Section B
Virgil, Aeneid 2, lines 13-62 and 195-267
Student Study Book (without notes)
Published By the Cambridge School Classics Project
Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge
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© University of Cambridge School Classics Project, 2010
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First published 2010
2 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
Virgil, Aeneid 2, lines 13-62 and 195-267
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 3
Section 1
Lines 13-17
The Greeks build a huge wooden monster
fracti bello fatisque repulsi
ductores Danaum tot iam labentibus annis
instar montis equum divina Palladis arte
aedificant, sectaque intexunt abiete costas;
votum pro reditu simulant; ea fama vagatur.
13
14
15
frango, frangere, fregi, fractus - break
bellum, belli, n. - war
fatum, fati, n. - fate
repello, repellere, reppuli, repulsus - drive
back, repel
ductor, ductoris, m. - leader
Danai, Danaorum, m. - the Greeks
tot - so many
iam - now, already
labor, labi, lapsus sum - slip by
annus, anni, m. - year
instar - the size
mons, montis, m. - mountain
equus, equi, m. - horse
divinus, divina, divinum, f. - divine
Pallas, Palladis, f. - Pallas Athene, a goddess
4 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
15
16
17
ars, artis, f. - skill, art
aedifico, aedificare, aedificavi, aedificatus build, make, create
seco, secare, secui, sectus, - cut down
intexo, intexere, intexui, intextus - weave
abies, abietis, f. - silver fir wood
costa, costae, f. - rib
votum, voti, n. - offering
pro - for
reditus, reditus, m. - return
simulo, simulare, simulavi, simulatus pretend, feign
is, ea, id - that; he, she, it
fama, famae, f. - rumour, report
vagor, vagari, vagatus sum - spread around
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 5
Section 2
Lines 18-20
The Greeks fill the wooden horse
huc delecta virum sortiti corpora furtim
includunt caeco lateri penitusque cavernas
ingentes uterumque armato milite complent.
18
19
huc - here
deligo, deligere, delegi, delectus - choose,
select
vir, viri, m. - man
sortior, sortiri, sortitus sum - draw lots, select
by lot, choose
corpus, corporis, n. - body
furtim - secretly
includo, includere, inclusi, inclusus - hide,
shut in, enclose
6 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
20
20
caecus, caeca, caecum - dark
latus, lateris, n. - flank
penitus - deep inside, deep within
caverna, cavernae, f. - vault, cavern
ingens, gen. ingentis - huge
uterus, uteri, m. - belly
armatus, armata, armatum - armed
miles, militis, m. - soldier
compleo, complere, complevi, completus - fill
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 7
Section 3
Lines 21-25
The other Greeks sail away to Tenedos
est in conspectu Tenedos, notissima fama
insula, dives opum Priami dum regna manebant,
nunc tantum sinus et statio male fida carinis.
huc se provecti deserto in litore condunt;
nos abiisse rati et vento petiisse Mycenas.
21
22
23
sum, esse, fui - be
in - within, in
conspectus, conspectus, m. - sight, view
Tenedos, Tenedi, f. - Tenedos, an island off
the Trojan coast
notus, nota, notum - famous, well-known
fama, famae, f. - reputation
insula, insulae, f. - island
dives, gen. divitis, f. - rich
opes, opum, f. - resources, wealth
Priamus, Priami, m. - Priam, king of Troy
dum - while, as long as
regnum, regni, n. - kingdom, realm
maneo, manere, mansi - stand, remain firm
nunc - now
tantum - only
sinus, sinus, m. - bay
et - and
statio, stationis, f. - anchorage
male - not
8 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
24
25
25
fidus, fida, fidum - safe, reliable
carina, carinae, f. - ship, keel
huc - here, to this place
se - himself, herself, itself
provehor, provehi, provectus sum - sail
desertus, deserta, desertum, n. - deserted,
lonely
in - on
litus, litoris, n. - shore
condo, condere, condidi, conditus - hide,
conceal
nos - we, us
abeo, abire, abii - leave, go away
reor, reri, ratus sum - think
et - and
ventus, venti, m. - wind
peto, petere, petii, petitus - make for, seek
Mycenae, Mycenarum, f. - Mycenae, Greek
city whose king was Agamemnon
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 9
Section 4
Lines 26-30
The Trojans’ reaction to the Greek “departure”
ergo omnis longo solvit se Teucria luctu;
panduntur portae, iuvat ire et Dorica castra
desertosque videre locos litusque relictum.
hic Dolopum manus, hic saevus tendebat Achilles;
classibus hic locus, hic acie certare solebant.
26
27
28
ergo - therefore
omnis, omne - all
longus, longa, longum - lengthy, long
solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus - free
se - himself, herself, itself
Teucria, Teucriae, f. - Troy
luctus, luctus, m. - sorrow, grief
pando, pandere, pandi, passus - throw open,
open
porta, portae, f. - gate
iuvat - it is pleasing
eo, ire, ii - go
et - and
Doricus, Dorica, Doricum - Dorian (Greek)
castra, castrorum, n. - camp
desertus, deserta, desertum - deserted
video, videre, vidi, visus - see
locus, loci, m. - place
litus, litoris, n. - shore
10 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
29
30
30
relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, relictus abandon, leave behind
hic - here
Dolopes, Dolopum, m. - the Dolopes, a
warlike people in Thessaly
manus, manus, f. - band, contingent
hic - here
saevus, saeva, saevum - savage, cruel
tendo, tendere, tetendi, tentus - camp, pitch
a tent; stretch out, exert oneself
Achilles, Achilli, m. - Achilles
classis, classis, f. - fleet
hic - here
locus, loci, m. - place
hic - here
acies, aciei, f. - battle
certo, certare, certavi, certatus - fight
soleo, solere, solitus sum - be accustomed
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 11
Section 5
Lines 31-34
Thymoetes’ suggestion about how to treat the horse
pars stupet innuptae donum exitiale Minervae
et molem mirantur equi; primusque Thymoetes
duci intra muros hortatur et arce locari,
sive dolo seu iam Troiae sic fata ferebant.
30
31
pars, partis, f. - some; part
stupeo, stupere, stupui - be amazed, be
astonished
innuptus, innupta, innuptum - virgin,
unmarried
donum, doni, n. - gift, present
exitialis, exitialis, exitiale - deadly, destructive
Minerva, Minervae, f. - Minerva, goddess,
daughter of Jupiter
et - and
moles, molis, f. - massive structure, massive
size
miror, mirari, miratus sum - admire, be
surprised
equus, equi, m. - horse
primus, prima, primum - first
Thymoetes, Thymoetae, m. - Thymoetes,
Trojan, brother of Priam
12 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
32
33
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus - lead, take
intra - inside, within
murus, muri, m. - wall
hortor, hortari, hortatus sum - recommend,
urge
et - and
arx, arcis, f. - citadel, stronghold
loco, locare, locavi, locatus - place
sive ... seu - whether ... or
dolus, doli, m. - treachery, plot
sive ... seu - whether ... or
iam - now
Troia, Troiae, f. - Troy
sic - thus, in this way, in that way
fatum, fati, n. - fate
fero, ferre, tuli, latus - tend, incline; bring,
carry
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 13
Section 6
Lines 35-39
Capys and others disagree with Thymoetes
at Capys, et quorum melior sententia menti,
aut pelago Danaum insidias suspectaque dona
praecipitare iubent subiectisque urere flammis,
aut terebrare cavas uteri et temptare latebras.
scinditur incertum studia in contraria vulgus.
35
36
37
at - but, yet
Capys, Capyos, m. - Capys, companion of
Aeneas
et - and
qui, quae, quod, m. - who, which
melior, melius - better
sententia, sententiae, f. - view, judgement,
opinion
mens, mentis, f. - mind
aut ... aut - either ... or
pelagus, pelagi, n. - the sea, the deep
Danai, Danaorum, - the Greeks
insidiae, insidiarum, f. - trap, ambush
suspectus, suspecta, suspectum - suspect
donum, doni, n. - gift, present
praecipito, praecipitare, praecipitavi,
praecipitatus - throw
iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus - order
subicio, subicere, subieci, subiectus - place
underneath
14 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
35
38
39
uro, urere, ussi, ustus - burn
flamma, flammae, f. - flame
aut ... aut - either ... or
terebro, terebrare, terebravi, terebratus - drill
cavus, cava, cavum - hollow
uterus, uteri, m. - belly
et - and
tempto, temptare, temptavi, temptatus - test,
probe
latebra, latebrae, f. - hiding-place
scindo, scindere, scidi, scissus - split
incertus, incerta, incertum - uncertain
studium, studii, n. - party, faction, side
in - into
contrarius, contraria, contrarium - opposing,
contrary
vulgus, vulgi, n. - people, crowd
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 15
Section 7
Lines 40-44
Laocoon arrives in haste, alarmed and angry
primus ibi ante omnes magna comitante caterva
Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce,
et procul ‘o miseri, quae tanta insania, cives?
creditis avectos hostes? aut ulla putatis
dona carere dolis Danaum? sic notus Ulixes?
40
41
42
primus, prima, primum, m. - first
ibi - then, there
ante - in front of, before
omnis, omne - every, all
magnus, magna, magnum - large
comitor, comitari, comitatus sum accompany
caterva, catervae, f. - crowd
Laocoon, Laocoontis, m. - Laocoon, Trojan
priest of Apollo
ardeo, ardere, arsi - rage
summus, summa, summum, f. - heights of,
top of
decurro, decurrere, decurri - run down, rush
down
ab - from
arx, arcis, f. - citadel, stronghold
et - and
procul - from afar, from far away
o - oh
16 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
43
44
40
miser, misera, miserum - wretched,
miserable
qui, quae, quod - who, which
tantus, tanta, tantum - so great
insania, insaniae, f. - insanity, madness
civis, civis, m. - citizen
credo, credere, credidi - believe
aveho, avehere, avexi - sail away, go away
hostis, hostis, m. - enemy
aut - or
ullus, ulla, ullum - any
puto, putare, putavi - think, suppose, consider
donum, doni, n. - gift, present
careo, carere, carui + abl. - be free from
dolus, doli, m. - trick, treachery, deceit
Danai, Danaorum - the Greeks
sic - thus, in this way
notus, nota, notum - known, famous, wellknown
Ulixes, Ulixis, m. - Ulysses, king of Ithaca
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 17
Section 8
Lines 45-49
Laocoon’s urgent advice
aut hoc inclusi ligno occultantur Achivi,
aut haec in nostros fabricata est machina muros,
inspectura domos venturaque desuper urbi,
aut aliquis latet error; equo ne credite, Teucri.
quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes.’
45
46
47
aut ... aut ... aut - either ... or ... or
hic, haec, hoc - this
includo, includere, inclusi, inclusus - hide,
shut in, enclose
lignum, ligni, n. - wooden object, wood
occulto, occultare, occultavi, occultatus conceal
Achivi, Achivorum, m. - the Greeks
aut ... aut ... aut - either ... or ... or
hic, haec, hoc - this
in - against
noster, nostra, nostrum, m. - our
fabrico, fabricare, fabricavi, fabricatus construct, build, devise
machina, machinae, f. - contraption
murus, muri, m. - wall
inspicio, inspicere, inspexi, inspectus - spy on
domus, domus, f. - house, home
venio, venire, veni - come, go
18 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
48
49
45
desuper - from above
urbs, urbis, f. - city
aut ... aut ... aut - either ... or ... or
aliquis, aliquid - some; someone, something
lateo, latere, latui - lurk, lie hidden
error, erroris, m. - deception
equus, equi, m. - horse
ne - not
credo, credere, credidi - trust, have faith in
Teucri, Teucrum, m. - Trojans
quisquis, quidquid - whoever, whatever
is, ea, id - he, she, it
sum, esse, fui - be
timeo, timere, timui - fear, be afraid
Danai, Danaorum, m. - the Greeks
et - especially, even
donum, doni, n. - gift, present
fero, ferre, tuli, latus - bear, bring
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 19
Section 9
Lines 50-53
Laocoon attacks the wooden horse
sic fatus validis ingentem viribus hastam
in latus inque feri curvam compagibus alvum
contorsit. stetit illa tremens, uteroque recusso
insonuere cavae gemitumque dedere cavernae.
50
51
52
sic - thus, in this way
for, fari, fatus sum - speak
validus, valida, validum - mighty, strong
ingens, gen. ingentis, f. - huge
vires, virium, f. - strength, force
hasta, hastae, f. - spear
in - into
latus, lateris, n. - flank
in - into
ferus, feri, m. - beast
curvus, curva, curvum - curved, curving
compages, compagis, f. - framework
alvus, alvi, f. - belly
contorqueo, contorquere, contorsi, contortus
- hurl, fling
20 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
53
50
sto, stare, steti - stand
ille, illa, illud - he, she, it
tremo, tremere, tremui - vibrate
uterus, uteri, m. - belly
recutio, recutere, recussi, recussus - strike,
make vibrate
insono, insonare, insonui - resound, make a
loud noise
cavus, cava, cavum - hollow
gemitus, gemitus, m. - groan
do, dare, dedi, datus - give
caverna, cavernae, f. - cavity, hollow, vault
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 21
Section 10
Lines 54-56
Aeneas, the narrator, reflects. “If only ...”
et, si fata deum, si mens non laeva fuisset,
impulerat ferro Argolicas foedare latebras,
Troiaque nunc staret, Priamique arx alta maneres.
54
55
et - and
si - if
fatum, fati, n. - decree, will, destiny, fate
deus, dei, m. - god
si - if
mens, mentis, f. - intention, mind, will
non - not
laevus, laeva, laevum - unfavourable, harmful
sum, esse, fui - be
impello, impellere, impuli, impulsus - force
ferrum, ferri, n. - iron, sword, weapon
22 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
56
55
Argolicus, Argolica, Argolicum - Argive (Greek)
foedo, foedare, foedavi, foedatus - pierce;
discredit
latebra, latebrae, f. - hiding-place
Troia, Troiae, f. - Troy
nunc - now
sto, stare, steti - stand
Priamus, Priami, m. - Priam, king of Troy
arx, arcis, f. - citadel, stronghold
altus, alta, altum - high
maneo, manere, mansi - remain
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 23
Section 11
Lines 57-62
Trojan shepherds drag a Greek “prisoner” to the king
ecce, manus iuvenem interea post terga revinctum
pastores magno ad regem clamore trahebant
Dardanidae, qui se ignotum venientibus ultro,
hoc ipsum ut strueret Troiamque aperiret Achivis,
obtulerat, fidens animi atque in utrumque paratus,
seu versare dolos seu certae occumbere morti.
57
58
59
60
ecce! - look! see!
manus, manus, f. - hand
iuvenis, iuvenis, m. - young man
interea - meanwhile
post - behind
tergum, tergi, n. - back
revincio, revincire, revinxi, revinctus - bind
around
pastor, pastoris, m. - shepherd
magnus, magna, magnum - great
ad - to
rex, regis, m. - king
clamor, clamoris, m. - uproar, shout
traho, trahere, traxi, tractus - drag
Dardanidae, Dardanidarum, m. - Trojans
qui, quae, quod - who, which
se - himself, herself, itself
ignotus, ignota, ignotum - unknown,
unfamiliar
venio, venire, veni - approach, come
ultro - of one’s own accord, on one’s own
initiative
hic, haec, hoc - this
ipse, ipsa, ipsum - very; himself, herself,
itself
24 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
61
62
60
ut - in order to, so that
struo, struere, struxi, structus - accomplish,
devise, contrive
Troia, Troiae, f. - Troy
aperio, aperire, aperui, apertus - open up
Achivi, Achivorum, m. - the Greeks
offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus - present, offer
fidens, gen. fidentis - bold, courageous,
confident
animus, animi, m. - spirit, resolve
atque - and
in - for
uterque, utraque, utrumque - either, each (of
two)
paratus, parata, paratum - ready, prepared
seu ... seu - either ... or
verso, versare, versavi, versatus perpetrate; turn
dolus, doli, m. - trick, treachery, deceit
seu ... seu - either ... or
certus, certa, certum - certain
occumbo, occumbere, occubui, occubitus meet with (death)
mors, mortis, f. - death
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 25
Summary
Lines 63-194
The prisoner, giving his name as Sinon, claims that he ran away from the Greeks because they
had picked him to be a human sacrifice to the gods in order to obtain a safe voyage home. He
acts his part so well that Priam immediately orders him to be set free. In return, Sinon answers
the Trojans’ questions about the horse with false information, saying that it is a sacred offering to
the goddess Minerva. If they harm it, Troy will be doomed; but if they take it safely into the city,
they will be able to invade and conquer Greece.
26 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 27
Section 12
Lines 195-198
How Sinon succeeded where everything had failed
talibus insidiis periurique arte Sinonis
credita res, captique dolis lacrimisque coactis
quos neque Tydides nec Larisaeus Achilles,
non anni domuere decem, non mille carinae.
195
196
197
talis, tale - such
insidiae, insidiarum, f. - trap, snare, ambush
periurus, periura, periurum - lying, devious
ars, artis, f. - fraud, skill
Sinon, Sinonis, m. - Sinon
credo, credere, credidi, creditus - believe
res, rei, f. - story; thing, matter
capio, capere, cepi, captus - conquer,
capture
dolus, doli, m. - trick, treachery, deceit
lacrima, lacrimae, f. - tear
cogo, cogere, coegi, coactus - fake; force
qui, quae, quod - who, which
neque ... nec - neither ... nor
28 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
195
198
Tydides, Tydidae, m. - Diomedes, son of
Tydeus
neque ... nec - neither ... nor
Larisaeus, Larisaea, Larisaeum, - from
Larisa, a city in Thessaly
Achilles, Achilli, m. - Achilles
non ... non - neither ... nor; not
annus, anni, m. - year
domo, domare, domui, domitus - subdue,
tame
decem - ten
non ... non - neither ... nor; not
mille - a thousand
carina, carinae, f. - ship, keel
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 29
Section 13
Lines 199-202
A dramatic interruption to Laocoon’s sacrifice
hic aliud maius miseris multoque tremendum
obicitur magis atque improvida pectora turbat.
Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos,
sollemnes taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras.
199
200
hic - now
alius, alia, aliud - another, else
maior, maius - greater
miser, misera, miserum - wretched,
miserable
multo - much
tremendus, tremenda, tremendum - terrible,
terrifying
obicio, obicere, obieci, obiectus - befall
magis - more
atque - and
improvidus, improvida, improvidum unforeseeing, unsuspecting, unwary
pectus, pectoris, n. - mind, heart
turbo, turbare, turbavi, turbatus - agitate,
disturb, alarm
30 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
200
201
202
Laocoon, Laocoontis, m. - Laocoon, Trojan
priest of Apollo
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus - choose; lead,
take
Neptunus, Neptuni, m. - Neptune
sors, sortis, f. - lot
sacerdos, sacerdotis, m. - priest
sollemnis, sollemnis, sollemne - appointed,
solemn, ceremonial
taurus, tauri, m. - bull
ingens, gen. ingentis - huge
macto, mactare, mactavi, mactatus sacrifice
ad - at
ara, arae, f. - altar
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 31
Section 14
Lines 203-205
Two huge creatures appear at sea, heading for shore
ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta
(horresco referens) immensis orbibus angues
incumbunt pelago pariterque ad litora tendunt;
203
204
ecce! - look! see!
autem - but, however
geminus, gemina, geminum - two, twin
a - from
Tenedos, Tenedi, f. - Tenedos, an island off
the Trojan coast
tranquillus, tranquilla, tranquillum - calm, still
per - through
altum, alti, n. - water, sea
horresco, horrescere, horrui - shudder,
tremble
refero, referre, rettuli, relatus - tell, report
32 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
205
205
immensus, immensa, immensum - huge,
immense
orbis, orbis, m. - coil
anguis, anguis, m. - snake
incumbo, incumbere, incubui - press oneself,
lean
pelagus, pelagi, n. - sea
pariter - side by side, together
ad - towards, to
litus, litoris, n. - shore
tendo, tendere, tetendi, tentus - head, stretch
out towards, make for
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 33
Section 15
Lines 206-209
The sight and sound of the approaching snakes
pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta iubaeque
sanguineae superant undas, pars cetera pontum
pone legit sinuatque immensa volumine terga.
fit sonitus spumante salo;
206
207
pectus, pectoris, n. - neck, chest, breast
qui, quae, quod - who, which
inter - amidst, among
fluctus, fluctus, m. - wave
arrigo, arrigere, arrexi, arrectus - hold high,
raise up
iuba, iubae, f. - crest
sanguineus, sanguinea, sanguineum bloody, blood-red
supero, superare, superavi, superatus tower over, overtop, rise above; overcome
unda, undae, f. - wave, water
pars, partis, f. - part
ceterus, cetera, ceterum - the other, the
34 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
208
209
remaining, the rest
pontus, ponti, m. - sea
pone - behind, in the rear
lego, legere, legi, lectus - skim; read, choose
sinuo, sinuare, sinuavi - arch, curve, bend
immensus, immensa, immensum - huge,
immense
volumen, voluminis, n. - coil
tergum, tergi, n. - back
fio, fieri, factus sum - rise up, be made
sonitus, sonitus, m. - sound
spumo, spumare, spumavi - foam
salum, sali, n. - sea, swell
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 35
Section 16
Lines 209-211
The snakes in close-up
iamque arva tenebant
ardentesque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni
sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora.
209
210
iam - now, already
arvum, arvi, n. - land, dry land, field
teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus - reach; hold
ardeo, ardere, arsi - burn, be on fire
oculus, oculi, m. - eye
sufficio, sufficere, suffeci, suffectus - fleck,
steep
sanguis, sanguinis, m. - blood
36 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
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210
et - and
ignis, ignis, m. - fire
sibilus, sibila, sibilum - hissing
lambo, lambere, lambi - lick
lingua, linguae, f. - tongue
vibro, vibrare, vibravi - flicker
os, oris, n. - lips
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 37
Section 17
Lines 212-215
They attack, killing two victims
diffugimus visu exsangues. illi agmine certo
Laocoonta petunt; et primum parva duorum
corpora natorum serpens amplexus uterque
implicat et miseros morsu depascitur artus;
212
213
214
diffugio, diffugere, diffugi - flee, disperse
visus, visus, m. - sight
exsanguis, exsanguis, exsangue - pale
ille, illa, illud - he, she, it
agmen, agminis, n. - path, line, advance,
motion, movement
certus, certa, certum - unerring, certain,
straight, unswerving
Laocoon, Laocoontis, m. - Laocoon, Trojan
priest of Apollo
peto, petere, petivi, petitus - make for, seek
et - and
primum - first, first of all
parvus, parva, parvum - small
duo, duae, duo, m. - two
corpus, corporis, n. - body
38 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
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215
nati, natorum, m. - children
serpens, serpentis, m. - snake, serpent
amplector, amplecti, amplexus sum - wind
oneself around
uterque, utraque, utrumque - each (of two),
both (of two)
implico, implicare, implicavi, implicatus enfold, entwine
et - and
miser, misera, miserum - miserable,
wretched
morsus, morsus, m. - teeth, biting
depascor, depasci, depastus sum - feed on,
eat, consume
artus, artus, m. - limb
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 39
Section 18
Lines 216-219
Then they go for the father
post ipsum auxilio subeuntem ac tela ferentem
corripiunt spirisque ligant ingentibus; et iam
bis medium amplexi, bis collo squamea circum
terga dati superant capite et cervicibus altis.
216
217
218
post - then, afterwards, next
ipse, ipsa, ipsum - himself, herself, itself
auxilium, auxilii, n. - help
subeo, subire, subii - come, approach
ac - and
telum, teli, n. - arms, weapon
fero, ferre, tuli, latus - bear, carry
corripio, corripere, corripui, correptus - seize,
snatch, take hold of
spira, spirae, f. - coil
ligo, ligare, ligavi, ligatus - entwine
ingens, gen. ingentis - huge
et - and
iam - now, already
bis - twice
medius, media, medium - torso, middle (of
his body)
40 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
219
amplector, amplecti, amplexus sum - wind
oneself around
bis - twice
collum, colli, n. - neck
squameus, squamea, squameum - scaly
circumdo, circumdare, circumdedi,
circumdatus - encircle, wrap
tergum, tergi, n. - back
supero, superare, superavi, superatus tower over; overcome
caput, capitis, n. - head
et - and
cervix, cervicis, f. - back, neck
altus, alta, altum - tall, high
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 41
Section 19
Lines 220-224
Laocoon struggles and screams like an animal at sacrifice
ille simul manibus tendit divellere nodos
perfusus sanie vittas atroque veneno,
clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit.
qualis mugitus, fugit cum saucius aram
taurus et incertam excussit cervice securim.
ille, illa, illud - that, he, she, it
simul - at the same time
manus, manus, f. - hand
tendo, tendere, tetendi, tentus - try, strive,
struggle, exert oneself
divello, divellere, divelli, divulsus - tear apart,
tear away
nodus, nodi, m. - knot
perfundo, perfundere, perfudi, perfusus soak, drench
sanies, saniei, f. - blood, slime, gore
vitta, vittae, f. - headband
ater, atra, atrum - black
venenum, veneni, n. - venom
clamor, clamoris, m. - cry, shout, uproar
simul - at the same time
horrendus, horrenda, horrendum - horrific,
dreadful
42 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
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ad - to
sidus, sideris, n. - star
tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatus - send up, raise
qualis, quale - like, such as
mugitus, mugitus, m. - bellowing
fugio, fugere, fugi - flee, run away
cum - when
saucius, saucia, saucium - wounded
ara, arae, f. - altar
taurus, tauri, m. - bull, ox
et - and
incertus, incerta, incertum - faltering,
uncertain, unsteady, badly-aimed
excutio, excutere, excussi, excussus - shake
off
cervix, cervicis, f. - neck
securis, securis, f. - axe
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 43
Section 20
Lines 225-227
The snakes glide away
at gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones
effugiunt saevaeque petunt Tritonidis arcem,
sub pedibusque deae clipeique sub orbe teguntur.
225
226
at - but
geminus, gemina, geminum - two, twin
lapsus, lapsus, m. - gliding, slithering, sliding
delubrum, delubri, n. - shrine, sanctuary
ad - to
summus, summa, summum - highest
draco, draconis, m. - serpent
effugio, effugere, effugi - flee
saevus, saeva, saevum - cruel
peto, petere, petivi, petitus - make for, seek
Tritonis, Tritonidis, f. - Pallas Athene
44 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
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225
arx, arcis, f. - citadel, stronghold
sub - under, beneath
pes, pedis, m. - foot
-que - and
dea, deae, f. - goddess
clipeus, clipei, m. - shield
-que - and
sub - under, beneath
orbis, orbis, m. - circle
tego, tegere, texi, tectus - hide, cover
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 45
Section 21
Lines 228-233
The Trojans’ reaction, and a decision about the horse
tum vero tremefacta novus per pectora cunctis
insinuat pavor, et scelus expendisse merentem
Laocoonta ferunt, sacrum qui cuspide robur
laeserit et tergo sceleratam intorserit hastam.
ducendum ad sedes simulacrum orandaque divae
numina conclamant.
228
229
230
tum - then
vero - indeed
tremefacio, tremefacere, tremefeci,
tremefactus - terrify, cause to tremble
novus, nova, novum - new
per - into; through
pectus, pectoris, n. - heart, breast
cunctus, cuncta, cunctum - every, all
insinuo, insinuare, insinuavi - steal, creep
into, worm one’s way into
pavor, pavoris, m. - terror, panic
et - and
scelus, sceleris, n. - crime
expendo, expendere, expendi, expensum pay for
mereor, mereri, meritus sum - deserve
Laocoon, Laocoontis, m. - Laocoon, Trojan
priest of Apollo
fero, ferre, tuli, latus - say; bring, carry
sacer, sacra, sacrum - holy, sacred
46 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
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232
233
230
qui, quae, quod - who, which
cuspis, cuspidis, f. - spear
robur, roboris, n. - wood, oak
laedo, laedere, laesi, laesus - damage, harm
et - and
tergum, tergi, n. - back
sceleratus, scelerata, sceleratum - wicked,
profane, impious
intorqueo, intorquere, intorsi, intortus - hurl
hasta, hastae, f. - spear
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus - take
ad - to
sedes, sedis, f. - home, dwelling place
simulacrum, simulacri, n. - image
oro, orare, oravi - entreat, beg
diva, divae, f. - goddess
numen, numinis, n. - divine power, divine
favour
conclamo, conclamare, conclamavi - shout
together, shout out
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 47
Section 22
Lines 234-240
The horse enters Troy
dividimus muros et moenia pandimus urbis.
accingunt omnes operi pedibusque rotarum
subiciunt lapsus, et stuppea vincula collo
intendunt; scandit fatalis machina muros
feta armis. pueri circum innuptaeque puellae
sacra canunt funemque manu contingere gaudent;
illa subit mediaeque minans inlabitur urbi.
234
235
236
237
divido, dividere, divisi, divisus - breach; divide
murus, muri, m. - wall
et - and
moenia, moenium, n. - defences,
fortifications
pando, pandere, pandi, passus - open up
urbs, urbis, f. - city
accingo, accingere, accinxi - get ready
omnis, omne - all, every
opus, operis, n. - task, job
pes, pedis, m. - foot
rota, rotae, f. - wheel
subicio, subicere, subieci, subiectus - put
under
lapsus, lapsus, m. - rolling, gliding, sliding
et - and
stuppeus, stuppea, stuppeum - flaxen
vinculum, vinculi, n. - rope
collum, colli, n. - neck
intendo, intendere, intendi, intentus - stretch
scando, scandere, scandi - surmount, climb
fatalis, fatale - deadly, fatal, dangerous;
fateful
machina, machinae, f. - contraption, machine
48 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
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239
240
235
240
murus, muri, m. - wall
fetus, feta, fetum - pregnant with, full of
arma, armorum, n. - arms, weapons
puer, pueri, m. - boy
circum - around
innuptus, innupta, innuptum - unmarried,
virgin
puella, puellae, f. - girl
sacer, sacra, sacrum - sacred (songs)
cano, canere, cecini - sing
funis, funis, m. - rope
manus, manus, f. - hand
contingo, contingere, contigi, contactus take; touch
gaudeo, gaudere, gavisus sum - rejoice
ille, illa, illud - he, she, it
subeo, subire, subii - continue on one’s way,
advance
medius, media, medium - centre, middle
minor, minari, minatus sum - threaten,
project
inlabor, inlabi, inlapsus sum - roll into
urbs, urbis, f. - city
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 49
Section 23
Lines 241-245
Aeneas sadly recalls the Trojans’ neglect of a warning sign
o patria, o divum domus Ilium et incluta bello
moenia Dardanidum! quater ipso in limine portae
substitit atque utero sonitum quater arma dedere;
instamus tamen immemores caecique furore
et monstrum infelix sacrata sistimus arce.
241
242
243
o - Oh
patria, patriae, f. - fatherland, country
o - Oh
divus, divi, m. - god
domus, domus, f. - home
Ilium, Ilii, n. - Troy
et - and
inclutus, incluta, inclutum - glorious,
celebrated
bellum, belli, n. - war
moenia, moenium, n. - walls
Dardanides, Dardanidum, m. - Trojans
quater - four times
ipse, ipsa, ipsum - very; himself, herself,
itself
in - at; in
limen, liminis, n. - threshold
porta, portae, f. - gate
subsisto, subsistere, substiti - stick, stop
50 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
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245
245
atque - and
uterus, uteri, m. - belly
sonitus, sonitus, m. - noise, sound
quater - four times
arma, armorum, n. - arms, weapons
do, dare, dedi, datus - make; give
insto, instare, institi - press on, keep going
tamen - however
immemor, gen. immemoris - mindless,
unmindful
caecus, caeca, caecum - blind
furor, furoris, m. - madness
et - and
monstrum, monstri, n. - monster, monstrosity
infelix, gen. infelicis - dreadful, unlucky
sacratus, sacrata, sacratum - sacred
sisto, sistere, stiti, status - position, set up
arx, arcis, f. - citadel, stronghold
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 51
Section 24
Lines 246-249
Cassandra is ignored amid the general rejoicing
tunc etiam fatis aperit Cassandra futuris
ora dei iussu non umquam credita Teucris.
nos delubra deum miseri, quibus ultimus esset
ille dies, festa velamus fronde per urbem.
246
247
248
tunc - then
etiam - even
fatum, fati, n. - fortune, fate
aperio, aperire, aperui, apertus - open
Cassandra, Cassandrae, f. - Cassandra,
daughter of Priam and Hecuba
futurus, futura, futurum - future, destined
os, oris, n. - mouth, lips
deus, dei, m. - god
iussus, iussus, m. - order, command
non - not
umquam - ever
credo, credere, credidi - believe, trust
Teucri, Teucrum, m. - Trojans
nos - we
52 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
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delubrum, delubri, n. - shrine, sanctuary
deus, dei, m. - god
miser, misera, miserum - wretched,
miserable
qui, quae, quod - who, which
ultimus, ultima, ultimum - last
sum, esse, fui - be
ille, illa, illud - that; he, she, it
dies, diei, m. - day
festus, festa, festum - festive
velo, velare, velavi, velatus - wreathe, deck,
cover
frons, frondis, f. - flower, foliage
per - throughout
urbs, urbis, f. - city
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 53
Section 25
Lines 250-253
Night falls, and the Trojans sleep
vertitur interea caelum et ruit Oceano nox
involvens umbra magna terramque polumque
Myrmidonumque dolos; fusi per moenia Teucri
conticuere; sopor fessos complectitur artus.
250
251
252
vertor, verti, versus sum - turn
interea - meanwhile
caelum, caeli, n. - sky, heaven
et - and
ruo, ruere, rui - rush
oceanus, oceani, m. - ocean
nox, noctis, f. - night, darkness
involvo, involvere, involvi, involutus envelop, wrap
umbra, umbrae, f. - shadow
magnus, magna, magnum - great, big
terra, terrae, f. - land
polus, poli, m. - heaven, sky
Myrmidones, Myrmidonum, m. - the Myrmidons,
people from Thessaly, led by Achilles
54 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
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254
dolus, doli, m. - trick, treachery, deceit
fundo, fundere, fudi, fusus - sprawl; pour
per - throughout
moenia, moenium, n. - city, houses, walls,
fortifications
Teucri, Teucrum, m. - Trojans
conticesco, conticescere, conticui - fall quiet
sopor, soporis, m. - sleep
fessus, fessa, fessum - tired
complector, complecti, complexus sum embrace
artus, artus, m. - limb
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 55
Section 26
Lines 254-259
The Greeks return
et iam Argiva phalanx instructis navibus ibat
a Tenedo tacitae per amica silentia lunae
litora nota petens, flammas cum regia puppis
extulerat, fatisque deum defensus iniquis
inclusos utero Danaos et pinea furtim
laxat claustra Sinon.
254
255
256
et - and
iam - now
Argivus, Argiva, Argivum - Argive (Greek)
phalanx, phalangis, f. - army
instruo, instruere, instruxi, instructus - fully
equip; draw up
navis, navis, f. - ship
eo, ire, ii - travel, go, come
a - from
Tenedos, Tenedi, f. - Tenedos, an island off
the Trojan coast
tacitus, tacita, tacitum - quiet, silent
per - in; through
amicus, amica, amicum - friendly
silentium, silentii, n. - silence
luna, lunae, f. - moon
litus, litoris, n. - shore
notus, nota, notum - familiar, famous
peto, petere, petivi, petitus - seek, make for
flamma, flammae, f. - fire-signal
56 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
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257
258
259
cum - when
regius, regia, regium - royal, of the king
puppis, puppis, f. - ship
effero, efferre, extuli, elatus - raise
fatum, fati, n. - will
deus, dei, m. - god
defendo, defendere, defendi, defensus preserve, defend
iniquus, iniqua, iniquum - hostile, unfair
includo, includere, inclusi, inclusus - enclose,
shut in
uterus, uteri, m. - belly
Danai, Danaorum, m. - the Greeks
et - and
pineus, pinea, pineum - made of pine
furtim - secretly
laxo, laxare, laxavi, laxatus - release, loosen
claustra, claustrorum, n. - bolts, bars
Sinon, Sinonis, m. - Sinon
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 57
Section 27
Lines 259-264
The horse is opened
illos patefactus ad auras
reddit equus laetique cavo se robore promunt
Thessandrus Sthenelusque duces et dirus Ulixes,
demissum lapsi per funem, Acamasque Thoasque
Pelidesque Neoptolemus primusque Machaon
et Menelaus et ipse doli fabricator Epeos.
259
260
261
262
ille, illa, illud - he, she, it
patefacio, patefacere, patefeci, patefactus open, open up
ad - to
aura, aurae, f. - breeze
reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditus - restore
equus, equi, m. - horse
laetus, laeta, laetum - happy
cavus, cava, cavum, - hollow, hollowed out
se - himself, herself, itself
robur, roboris, n. - wood, oak
promo, promere, prompsi, promptus - bring
out of concealment
Thessandrus, Thessandri, m. - Thessandrus
Sthenelus, Stheneli, m. - Sthenelus
dux, ducis, m. - leader
et - and
dirus, dira, dirum - terrible, dreadful
Ulixes, Ulixis, m. - Ulysses, king of Ithaca
demitto, demittere, demisi, demissus - lower,
let down
58 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
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264
260
labor, labi, lapsus sum - slide
per - down; through, along
funis, funis, m. - rope, cable
Acamas, Acamantis, m. - Acamas, a son of
Theseus and Phaedra
Thoas, Thoantis, m. - Thoas
Pelides, Pelidae, m. - grandson of Peleus
Neoptolemus, Neoptolemi, m. - Neoptolemus,
son of Achilles, grandson of Peleus
primus, prima, primum - most eminent, first
Machaon, Machaonis, m. - Machaon,
surgeon to the Greeks, son of Aesculapius
et - and
Menelaus, Menelai, m. - Menelaus, Greek
king, husband of Helen
et - and
ipse, ipsa, ipsum - himself, herself, itself
dolus, doli, m. - trick, treachery, deceit
fabricator, fabricatoris, m. - builder, maker
Epeos, Epei, m. - Epeos, builder of the
Trojan horse
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 59
Section 28
Lines 265-267
The killing begins; vanguard and main army join forces
invadunt urbem somno vinoque sepultam;
caeduntur vigiles, portisque patentibus omnes
accipiunt socios atque agmina conscia iungunt.
265
266
invado, invadere, invasi, invasus - invade,
attack
urbs, urbis, f. - city
somnus, somni, m. - sleep
vinum, vini, n. - wine
sepelio, sepelire, sepelivi, sepultus - bury
caedo, caedere, cecidi, caesus - slaughter,
kill
vigil, vigilis, m. - guard
porta, portae, f. - gate
60 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2
267
265
pateo, patere, patui - be open, lie open
omnis, omne - all, every
accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptus welcome, take in
socius, socii, m. - comrade, ally
atque - and
agmen, agminis, n. - army, rank
conscius, conscia, conscium - of
conspirators, confederate
iungo, iungere, iunxi, iunctus - unite, join
Notes
WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2 61
62 WJEC Level 2 Latin Literature Unit 9542 Aeneid 2