Section: Evolution Review Questions
Name:
Section Title: Evolution Review Questions
Review of Old Information:
Match the people listed below with the influential ideas they proposed:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
Carolus Linneus
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Thomas Malthus
Georges Cuvier
James Hutton
a. gradualism
b. system of classification for organisms
c. inheritance of acquired characteristics
d. resources are finite
e. catastrophism
Match the people listed below with the influential ideas they proposed:
6.
7.
8.
9.
_____
_____
_____
_____
Charles Lyell
Gregor Mendel
Charles Darwin
Alfred Russell Wallace
a. CO-FOUNDER of natural selection
b. 1 to propose natural selection
c. uniformitarianism
d. “Father of Genetics”
st
Match the ideas below with their descriptions on the right:
10.
11.
12.
13.
_____
_____
_____
_____
Gradualism
Catastrophism
Uniformitarianism
Natural selection
a. same processes that shape earth have ALWAYS occurred
b. features on earth changed over LONG and continuous period of time
c. species changed over time due to multiple catastrophes
d. species change over time towards useful inherited traits
14. _____A small change in gene frequencies to a population overtime is called
a. Macroevolution
b. Speciation
c. Microevolution
d. Migration
15. _____Which of the following is not a type of natural selection?
a. Disruptive selection
b. Directional selection
c. Rotational selection
d. Stabilizing selection
16. _____Which of the following is not a cause of microevolution?
a. Speciation
b. Mutation
c. Migration
d. Genetic Drift
e. All of the above
17. _____The ability of an organism to survive, reproduce, and pass on its traits is called
a. Speciation
b. Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
c. Fitness
d. Genetic Drift
18. _____A population of beetles reproduces and the parent generation has 75% brown genes and 25% green
genes. Due to random luck the offspring of the population have 71% brown genes and 29% green genes. This
phenomenon is called ______?
a. Mutation
b. Genetic Drift
c. Speciation
d. Sexual selection
19. _____There is a population of peppered moths that exist in an industrialized area where soot has covered areas
of plants in the environment. Peppered moths can be all white, white with black spots, and all black. Which of
the three peppered moths would be considered most fit for that environment?
a. White
b. Spotted
c. Black
d. None of the above
20. _____Natural selection where organisms with either extreme expression for a particular trait are more likely to
survive is known as ______________.
a. Directional selection
b. Disruptive selection
c. Stabilizing selection
21. _____Speciation is driven by
a. Species area effect
b. Catastrophism
c. Geographic and reproductive isolation
d. Uniformitarianism
22. _____Gradualism states that new species develop over
a. Disruptive selection
b. Long periods of time
c. Quick changes
d. Stabilizing selection
23. _____Which of the following types of natural selection is depicted in the graph?
a. Stabilizing selection
b. Disruptive selection
c. Directional selection
24. _____Which of the following types of natural selection is depicted in the graph?
a. Stabilizing selection
b. Disruptive selection
c. Directional selection
25. _____Which of the following types of natural selection is depicted in the graph?
a. Stabilizing selection
b. Disruptive selection
c. Directional selection
26. The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its environment is called
a. Competition
b. fitness
c. strength
d. instinct
27. The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium equation is used to determine…
a. Gene frequencies in a population at a particular point in time
b. What type of natural selection is acting on a population
c. The causes of microevolution
28. Similarities in the genes and DNA of organisms that act as a possible evidence for macroevolution are referred
to as
a. Vestigial structures
c. Macromolecule similarities
b. Analogous structures
d. Homologous structures
29. Features that serve no useful function in an organism, like the appendix of a human, but might have been useful
to a common ancestor, are called
a. Vestigial structures
c. Macromolecule similarities
b. Analogous structures
d. Homologous structures
30. The arm of a human and flipper of a porpoise are an example of homologous structures.
a. TRUE
b. FALSE
31. Structures from organisms that do not have common ancestors but have common function, like the beak of a bird
and the beak of an octopus, would be an example of
a. Vestigial structures
c. Homologous structures
b. Sequential structures
d. Analogous structures
32. Dolphins and sharks have different ancestors but look very similar. This is an example of what pattern of evolution?
a. Divergent evolution
c. Analogous structures
b. Convergent evolution
d. Homologous structures
33. The finches on the Galapagos Islands probably all came from one ancestor. This is an example of what pattern of
evolution?
a. Divergent evolution
c. Analogous structures
b. Convergent evolution
d. Homologous structures
34. One of
a.
b.
c.
d.
the observations that led people to think that life could arise from nonliving things was that
Maggots turned into oval cases from which flies eventually emerged.
Fish appeared in ponds that had been dry the previous season.
Large fish developed from smaller fish, which hatched from fish eggs
Fish grew larger by eating other living things, such as flies.
35. The purpose of the covering in Redi’s experiment was to prevent
a. Maggots from leaving the jar.
b. Air from leaving the jar
c. Adult flies from entering the jar
d. Bacteria from entering the jar
36. Spallanzani's opponents disagreed with his conclusion that microorganisms from the air contaminated the boiled meat
broth. They argued that Spallanzani
a. Heated the flasks to long, killing the microorganisms in the broth
b. Heated the flasks to long, destroying the “vital force” in the air inside the flasks.
c. Waited too long before he sealed the flasks after heating them.
d. Accidentally contaminated the broth when he sealed the flasks
37. In Pasteur’s experiment, the function of the curved neck on the flask was to prevent
a. Air from entering the body of the flask.
b. Air from leaving the body of the flask
c. Microorganisms from entering the body of the flask
d. Broth from spilling out of the flask.
38. A French botanist wrote in 1609, “there is a tree…in Scotland. From this tree leaves that die are falling; upon one
side they strike that water and slowly turn into fishes, upon the other they strike the land and turn into birds.”
What biological hypothesis or principle was he describing
a. Spontaneous generation
b. Endosymbiosis
c. Biogenetic evolution
d. Pasteurization
39. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the hypothesis of spontaneous generation was used to explain
a. How new life started
b. How simple organic compounds formed
c. How eukaryotes evolved
40. The neck of Pasteur’s flasks
a. Allowed both air and microorganisms to enter the flask
b. Allowed air to enter the flask but kept microorganisms out
c. Allowed microorganisms to enter but kept air out
d. Kept both air and microorganisms out.
Use the graph to answer the following questions.
41. Which of the following diagrams represents divergent evolution?
a. A
b. B
c. C
42. Which of the following diagrams represents convergent evolution?
a. A
b. B
c. C
43. Which of the following diagrams represents coevolution?
a. A
b. B
c. C
44. Which of the following proposed evolutionary time scales is show in the following diagram
a. Gradualism
b. Punctuated Equilibrium
45. Biogenesis states that
a. Life forms from non-living things
b. Life forms from living things
c. Natural selection drives all morphological changes in a population
46. Which of the following proposed evolutionary time scales is shown in the following diagram
a. Gradualism
b. Punctuated Equilibrium
47. In sexual selection for tropical birds, bright colors and bold characteristics
a. Help in mating and possible reproductive success
b. Result in their genes being removed from the next generation
c. Decrease fitness
48. Genetic drift is a shift in gene frequencies as a result of…
a. Natural Selection
b. Immigration
c. Random Events
d. Directional selection
49. Macroevolution tries to explain
a. Natural selection
b. A major evolutionary transition from one organism into another
c. Small gene changes within a population of one species
d. Small changes in morphology
50. A small change in gene frequencies to a population overtime is called
a. Microevolution
a. Migration
51. A change in the environment results in a change to…
a. Population stability
b. A change in the fitness of the environment
c. A change in the traits that are useful (selected for) in the environment.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
_____Mutation
_____Migration
_____Genetic Drift
_____Stabilizing Selection
_____Disruptive Selection
a. the average form of a trait is more likely to survive
b. both extreme forms of a trait are more likely to survive
c. allele frequencies changing as a result of random events
d. Usually harmful to a population, but still changes gene frequencies
e. entering or leaving a population
57) Speciation is the process in which
a. Natural selection does not happen
b. Populations stay the same through time
c. New species form through microevolution
58) Speciation is driven by
a. Natural selection
b. Genetic drift
c. Geographic and reproductive isolation
d. Macroevolution
59) Allopatric speciation occurs…
a. Within a population at one location
b. When a population is geographically isolated from one another
c. When a population is first reproductively isolated from one another
60) Adaptive radiation occurs when…
a. Natural selection does not occur
b. When gene frequencies stay the same over time
c. Numerous species form from a common ancestor when members of a population spread to new
environments.
d. Numerous species form from a common ancestor when members of a population stay in one location
and only mate with one another.
61) Embryological comparisons reveal that
a. all vertebrate embryos look similar at early stages of development.
b. Embryos of different vertebrates look more similar as development proceeds.
c. Rabbit embryos look like adult fish.
d. Gorillas begin life as fish and then develop into gorillas during an embryonic stage.
62) The 1 types of cells were likely
st
a. Eukaryotic
b. Prokaryotic
c. colonial
63) The theory that living things could arise from non-living things was called
a. spontaneous generation
c. Oparin hypothesis
b. biogenesis
d. endosymbiosis
64) The first organisms on earth were probably
a. Autotrophic, aerobic eukaryotes
b. Heterotrophic, aerobic eukaryotes
c. Autotrophic, aerobic prokaryotes
d. Heterotrophic, anaerobic prokaryotes.
Matching
65) _____Biogenesis
66) _____Spontaneous generation
67) _____Endosymbiosis
68) _____Vital force
a. something in the air that develops life
b. life arising from other life
c. life arising from nonliving things
d. the process of forming a eukaryotic cell
69. Organisms well suited to their environment
a. reproduce more successfully than those less suited to the same environment
b. are always larger than organisms less suited to that environment
c. always live longer than organisms less suited to that environment
d. need less food than organism less suited to that environment
p + q = 1 and
p + 2pq + q = 1
2
2
Hardy Weinberg Math
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hardy and Weinberg used equations to calculate the amount of alleles that were in a population
The number of Homozygous dominant (RR) = p
The number of heterozygous (Rr) = 2pq
The number of homozygous recessive (rr) = q
Adding these numbers together should give you a total of 1
So …… 1 = p + 2pq + q
2
2
2
2
70. If, over time, the frequency of the B allele in the population changed to 0.7, what would be the resultant change in
frequency of the b allele?
a. The b allele would not change in frequency.
b. The b allele would eventually disappear.
c. The b allele would change in frequency to 0.5.
d. The b allele would change in frequency to 0.3.
71) What is the purpose of calculating Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
a. to determine whether there are changes in the frequency of alleles
b. to determine whether there are microevolutionary changes occurring in the population
c. to determine whether one allele confers greater fitness than another allele by increasing in frequency
d. ALL of these may be reasons to calculate Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
72) The frequency of a homozygous recessive condition (i.e. “bb”) would be ____________, when Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium is met and the frequency of the original dominant allele (i.e. “B”) has a frequency of 0.6.
a. 0.36
b. 0.16
c. 0.48
d. 1
Complete the following questions on the back of the scantron:
73. Lets say that brown fur coloring is dominant to gray fur coloring in mice. If you have 136 brown
mice in a population of 200 mice........
a. What is the predicted frequency of heterozygotes?
b. What is the predicted frequency of homozygous dominant?
c. What is the predicted frequency of homozygous recessive?
If 72 out of 200 Green Iguanas in a population express the homozygous recessive phenotype of a
small beard (bb), what percent of the population would you predict would be heterozygotes (Bb)?
74) I have given you information on the frequency of the homozygous recessive condition (bb or q2). So start by
determining q and then solving for q. What is q? Now that you have q, you can solve for p. Remember there are
only two alleles in the population, so if you add the frequency of the two alleles, you have accounted for all
possibilities and it must equal 1. So p + q = 1. What is p?
2
75) Now what is the formula for heterozygotes? Think back to the Hardy-Weinberg equation -- it is dealing with the
genotypes of individuals in the population. What is the percent of the population that are heterozygotes (Bb)?
76. Within a population of butterflies, the color brown (B) is dominant over the color white (b). And, 81% of all butterflies
are white. Given this simple information, which is something that is very likely to be on an exam, calculate the following: A.
The percentage of butterflies in the population that is heterozygous for color. B. The percentage of butterflies in the
population that are homozygous dominant for color.
p + q = 1 and
p + 2pq + q = 1
2
2
77. What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?
78. Why is yellow the predominant flower color on many of the Galapagos islands?
79. With respect to their shells how have tortoises adapted to the environment on different islands?
80. What vestigial structure do cormorants have on the Galapagos that required them to adapt and seek food differently
than other bird species on the islands?
81. How have finches adapted to the Galapagos?