Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Though you don’t need to know Spanish to participate in and enjoy your experience with Bridges to Community, knowing some simple phrases may enrich your trip. You can use this basic introduction to Spanish to communicate on the job site and to have some basic “get to know you” conversations with people in the community. You’ll be surprised how patient and kind people will be when you make the effort to communicate! For your convenience and safety each group will have bi‐lingual leaders and translators and some Spanish‐speaking members of your group may help you translate. Table of Contents Greetings ................................................................................................................ 2 Getting Acquainted ................................................................................................ 2 We are family! ........................................................................................................ 3 How old are you? ................................................................................................... 4 Numbers................................................................................................................. 4 Days of the week .................................................................................................... 4 Telling time ............................................................................................................ 5 Exclamations! ......................................................................................................... 5 Expressions of Courtesy ......................................................................................... 5 I Don’t Understand! ............................................................................................... 6 Saying Goodbye ..................................................................................................... 6 Are you hungry? ..................................................................................................... 6 Words for the workplace ....................................................................................... 7 Parts of the House ................................................................................................. 8 Expressions for the Workplace .............................................................................. 8 I’m a Doctor! .......................................................................................................... 8 Parts of the Body: .................................................................................................. 9 Doctor – Patient Inquiry Questions: ...................................................................... 9 Patient Complaints: ................................................................................................ 9 Symptoms and Illnesses: ...................................................................................... 10 A Brief List of Medical Supplies: ........................................................................... 10 A Quick Lesson on Verbs ...................................................................................... 10 Useful Irregular Verbs Conjugated in the Present Tense ..................................... 11 Present Participle ................................................................................................. 12 Adjectives – Adjectivos ........................................................................................ 12 Greetings Hello. Good Morning! Good Afternoon! Good Night! What is your name? (formal) Hola. Buenos Días! Buenas tardes! Buenas noches! How Are You? ¿Cómo estás? ¿Qué fué? ¿Qué pasó? ¿Qué tal? Very well thank you, and you? ¡Muy bien! ¡Gracias! ¿Y Usted? I’m thirsty. Tengo sed. I’m hungry. Tengo hambre. I’m hot. Tengo calor. I have pain Tengo dolor I’m tired. Estoy cansado (a) ¿Cómo se llama usted? What's your name? (informal) ¿Cómo te llamas? My name is Mary. Me llamo María. I'm very pleased to meet you. Mucho gusto. The pleasure is mine. El gusto es mío. Allow me to introduce John. Permítame presentar a Juan. To ask someone if they feel thirsty, hungry, etc. change the verb “tengo” to “tiene” (pronounced tee‐
yen‐ay). Example: ¿Tiene hambre? Are you hungry? Getting Acquainted Where are you from? I’m from the United States. Are you a student? Yes! I am studying… Art Biology Business Chemistry Education Engineering Geography International Development Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers ¿De dónde eres? Soy de los Estados Unidos. ¿Eres un estudiante? ¡Si! Estoy estudiando… arte biologia negocios quimica educación ingenieria geografia desarrollo international Marketing Psychology Writing What do you do? marketing sicologia escritura (Occupation) I am Artist Business man/woman Dentist Doctor Engineer Government employee Lawyer Updated 8 August, 2012 ¿En qué se dedica su trabajo? ¿En qué trabaja? Soy un artista hombre/una mujer de negocios un dentista un doctor un ingeniero el empleado del gobierno un abogado Page 2 of 15
Teacher un professor / Nurse un enfermero maestro Office worker un oficinista Therapist un terapista Programmer un programador Salesperson un vendedor Perhaps you’re a dancer or a singer or a sports fanatic. Talking about common interests is a great way to get to know someone! What do you like to do in your free time? ¿Qué te gusta hacer in su tiempo libre? Gustar‐ to like I like I like Examples: Me gustan las manzanas. Nos gusta la pelicula. Me gusta Me gustan (one thing) (more than one thing) I like the apples. We like the movie. Here are a few activities you might enjoy To sing Horseback riding To dance Sailing To play guitar To act Scuba diving To travel To read To watch TV To listen to music To go to the movies To play cards To see a play cantar montar a caballo bailar la navegación tocar guitarra actuar buseo viajar leer mirar el televisor escuchar musica ir al cine jugar a los naipe ver un obra de teatro Hike in the mountains To play sports To play baseball To play basketball To play soccer To swim To play chess To go shopping To go out with friends To sunbathe To meet people To go to the beach escalar, caminar en las montañas jugar deportivos jugar beísbol jugar baloncesto jugar fútbol nadar jugar al ajedrez ir de compras salir con mis amigos tomar sol conocer gente ir a la playa We are family! Wherever you travel in Central America, you’ll find that many people are very family oriented. Family sizes, traditions, and characteristics are all great topics of “get to know you” conversations. Mi or Mis preceeds a singular and plural pronoun respectfully. Mother Madre Brother Hermano Father Padre Sister Hermana Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Updated 8 August, 2012 Page 3 of 15
Daughter Son Grandaughter Grandson Uncle Aunt Wife Husband Grandmother Grandfather Cousin (male) Cousin (female) Hija Hijo Nieta Nieto Tio Tia Esposa Esposo Abuela Abuelo Primo Prima How old are you? How old are you? ¿Cuántos años tienes? It translates directly to, “How many years do you have?” I am ____ years old. Tengo _____ años. If you want to ask how old someone else (he or she) is ask: ¿Cuantos años tiene el/ella? Numbers How much? Zero One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen Fifteen Sixteen ¿Cuánto? Cero Uno/Una Dos Tres Cuatro Cinco Seis Siete Ocho Nueve Diez Once Doce Trece Catorce Quince Dieciseis Seventeen Eighteen Nineteen Twenty Twenty‐one Diecisiete Dieciocho Diecinueve Veinte Veinte uno Twenty‐two Veinte y dos Thirty Forty Fifty Sixty Seventy Eighty Ninety One hundred Five hundred One thousand Five thousand Treinta Cuarenta Cincuenta Sesenta Setenta Ochenta Noventa Cien/Ciento Quinientos Mil Cinco Mil Days of the week Days of the week. When? What day is today? Today is Monday. Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Días de la semana. ¿Cuándo? ¿Qué día es hoy? Hoy es Lunes. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Updated 8 August, 2012 Lunes Martes Miércoles Jueves Viernes Page 4 of 15
Saturday Sunday Today Yesterday Tomorrow Morning Afternoon Evening/night Sábado Domingo Hoy Ayer Mañana La mañana La tarde La noche Telling time What time is it? At what time? It’s one o’clock. It is three o’clock. It is three fifteen. It is three‐thirty. It’s five twenty. It is a quarter to five. ¿Qué hora es? ¿A qué hora? Es la una. Son las tres. Son las tres y cuatro. Son las tres y media. Son las cinco y viente Son las seis menos cuarto. Minute Hour Day Week Month Year ‐or‐ Son las cinco y cuartenta y cinco. el minuto la hora el día la semana el mes el año Exclamations! Whether on the worksite, participating in activities in your free time or with the community or through simple conversation at the dinner table you may experience a moment where you’ll feel so full of emotion you’ll want to exclaim something. How Scary! ¡Que susto! Bless you! ¡Salud! I hate it! ¡Lo odio! What a shame! ¡Que lastima! I love it! Enjoy your meal! ¡Buen provecho! ¡Me encanta! How cute/beautiful! ¡Que linda/hermosa! How Delicious! ¡Que rico! How amusing! ¡Que divertido! How funny! ¡Que chistoso! Of Course! ¡Por supuesto! How Dirty! ¡Que sucio! That’s it! ¡Eso es! Expressions of Courtesy Thank you very much. You're welcome. Yes, please. No, thank you. Pardon me. or Excuse me. Pardon me. or Excuse me. Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Muchas gracias. De nada. Sí, por favor. No, gracias. Perdón. (to seek someone's attention or forgiveness) Con permiso. (to ask permission to pass by someone) Updated 8 August, 2012 Page 5 of 15
I Don’t Understand! I don’t speak Spanish. I understand. I do not understand. Do you speak English? No hablo español. Comprendo. No Comprendo. ¿Habla usted inglés? Saying Goodbye Goodbye. See you later. See you tomorrow. See you Thursday. Adiós. Hasta luego. Hasta mañana. Hasta jueves. Are you hungry? Are you hungry? Breakfast Lunch Dinner/Supper Cup Fork Glass Knife Napkin Plate Spoon ¿Tiene Hambre? desayuno almuerzo cena taza tenedor vaso cuchillo servilleta plato chucharra Fruit fruta Apple Banana Grapefruit Juice Lemon/Lime Mango Orange Pineapple Strawberry manzana platano toranja jugo limon mango naranja piña fresa Vegetables verduras Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Avocado Beans Carrots Celery Corn Cucumber French fries Lettuce Mushrooms Onion Peas Potatoes Radish Salad Spinach Squash String beans Tomato aguacate frijoles zanohorias apio elote pepino papas fritas lechuga hongos cebolla chicharos papas rabano ensalada espinacas calabaza ejotes tomate Dairy Products Butter Cheese Cream Eggs mantequilla queso crema huevos Fried fritos Updated 8 August, 2012 Page 6 of 15
Scrambled Soft boiled Hard boiled revueltos pasados por aqua duros Milk leche Starches Bread Sweet rolls Toast Rice pan pan dulce tostada arroz Meat, poultry and fish Bacon Chicken Chop Fish Ham Lamb Liver Lobster Marinated fish Meat Pork Poultry Roast tocino pollo chuleta pescado jamon cordero higado langosta ceviche carne puerco pollo asado Sausage Shrimp Steak Trout Turkey Turtle Veal Beverages Beer Coffee chorizo camarones fillete trucha guajalote tortuga ternera bebidas cerveza cafe Black With cream negro con leche Milk Tea Water leche te agua pura With ice Without ice con hielo sin hielo Wine vino Dessserts postres Cake Cookies/Crackers Ice cream Pastries pastel galletas helados pastel Words for the workplace Materials Bucket Cement Cement block Cement tray Gloves Hammer Ladder Measuring tape Nail Pliars el balde el cemento el bloque el cajone los guantes el martillo la escalera la cinta metrica el clavo la tenaza Sand Scaffolding Shovel Tool Trowel Wheelbarrow Wire Wood el alicate la arena el andamio la pala el herramiento la cucharra la carretilla el alambre la madera Direction Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Updated 8 August, 2012 Page 7 of 15
Above After Around Backward Before Behind Beside Far Forward Higher Lower Near (On the) left (On the) right Opposite Toward encima despues alrededor hacia atras antes detras de al lado de lejos adelante mas arriba mas bajo cerca (a la) izquierda (a la) derecha frente a hacia Parts of the House Ceiling Door Floor Foundation Frame Furniture House Roof Room Wall Window el cielo raso or el techo la puerta el piso la fundacion la armadura los muebles la casa el techo el cuarto la pared la ventana Expressions for the Workplace Bring me the… Watch out! Do you need help? I’ll help him/her. I’ll help you. Come here! Do you want? Do you need? Do you have? I’m sorry! Can I have the… Look for it. Pick it up. Traiga me el/la… ¡Cuidado! ¿Necesita ayuda? Le ayudare. Te ayudo. ¡Ven aca! ¿Quiere? ¿Necesita? ¿Tiene? ¡Lo Siento! Puedo tener la/el… Busquela. Recojalo. Put it here. Take it. Let’s… There are / are there…? There is/ is there…? It’s lost. Take out the... Put away the… It’s wet. I don’t understand. Where are you going? Pongala aqui. Tomela. Vamos… ¿Hay…? ¿Esta…? Esta perdido. Saque… Guarde lo… Esta mojado. No intiendo. ¿Adónde vas? I’m a Doctor! This section is for volunteers working with one of community healthcare projects or anyone who needs to see a doctor or describe an ailment. I’m a Doctor! ¡Soy médico! I need a doctor! ¡Necesito un médico! Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Updated 8 August, 2012 Page 8 of 15
Parts of the Body: Ankle Arm Back Blood Body Bone Brain Cheek Chest Chin Ear Elbow Eye Face Finger Foot Gland Hair Hand Head Heart Hip Kidney Knee Leg Lip Liver Lung Mouth Muscle Nail Neck Nose Rib Skin Shoulder Spine Spleen Stomach Throat Tongue Tooth Urine Waist Wrist el tobillo el brazo la espalda la sangre el cuerpo el hueso el cerebro la mejilla el pecho la barbilla la oreja el codo el ojo la cara el dedo el pie la glandula el pelo la mano la cabeza el corazón la cadera el riñon la ridilla la pierna el labio el hígado el pulmón la boca el músculo la uña el uello la nariz la costilla la piel el hombro la espina el bazo el estómago la garganta la lengua el diente el orina el talle la muñeca Doctor – Patient Inquiry Questions: Relax. What happened? When did it happen? Has it happened before? Do you have pain? Where does it hurt? Are you allergic to anything? Does it hurt if I press here? Relájese. ¿Qué ocurrió? ¿Cuándo ocurrió? ¿Le ha ocurrido antes? ¿Tiene dolor? ¿Dónde le duele? ¿Es usted alérgico(a) a cualquier cosa? ¿Le duele cuando aprieto aquí? Patient Complaints: Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Updated 8 August, 2012 Page 9 of 15
I feel bad. I have pain in my Me siento malo. Tengo dolor en mi Symptoms and Illnesses: Allergic reaction Blister Broken bone Bruise Burn Chills Cough Cramps Cut una reacción alérgica una ampolla un hueso roto una contusión una quemadura un escalofrío un tos un calambre un corte Diarrhea Dizziness Fever Infection una diarrea el vértigo una fiebre una infección Rash Swelling Wound una erupción una inflamación un herido Iodine Oxygen Pills Prescription Scissors Shot Soap Stitches Thermometer el yodo el oxígeno la pastillas la receta las tijeras la inyección el jabón las puntadas el termómetro A Brief List of Medical Supplies: Antiseptic Band‐aid Bandage Cast Cough syrup Condoms Cream Disinfectant Drops Gauze el antiséptico la curita el vendaje la armadura de yeso el jarabe para la tos los condones la crema el desinfectante las gotas la gasa A Quick Lesson on Verbs Verbs ending in –AR (to study: estudiar) I study Yo estudi + o You study Tu estudi + as He/She studies El/Ella estudi + a You study Usted estudi + a (singular formal) We study Nos estudi + amos Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Updated 8 August, 2012 Commonly used AR Verbs To borrow To dance To finish To hug To sing Prestar Bailar Terminar Abrazar Cantar Page 10 of 15
They study Ellos/Ellas estudi + an You study Ustedes estudi + an (plural formal) Verbs ending in –ER (to learn: aprender) I learn Yo aprend + o You learn Tu aprend + es He/She leanrs El/Ella aprend + e You learn Usted aprend + e (singular formal) We learn Nos aprend + emos They learn Ellos/Ellas aprend + en You learn Ustedes aprend + en (plural formal) Verbs ending in –IR (to live: vivir) Commonly used IR Verbs I live Yo viv + o You live Tu viv + es He/She lives El/Ella viv + e You live Usted viv + e (singular formal) We live Nos viv + imos They live Ellos/Ellas viv + en You live Ustedes viv + en (plural formal) To speak To watch To work To listen To look for Hablar Mirar Trabajar Escuchar Buscar Commonly used ER Verbs To believe Creer To drink Beber To eat Comer To learn Aprender To understand Comprender To sell Vender Should, to owe Deber To receive To write To assist To climb, to go up To decide To describe To open Recibir Escribir Asistir Subir Decidir Describir Abrir Useful Irregular Verbs Conjugated in the Present Tense Infinitive I Yo You Tu To go Ir voy To be able to/can Poder vas
He/She/
You El/Ella/ Usted va
vamos
They/You Ellos/as Ustedes van puedo
puedes
puede
podemos
pueden
To put/place Poner pongo
pones
pone
ponemos
ponen To want Querer quiero
quieres
quiere
queremos
quieren
To have Tener tengo
tienes
tiene
tenemos
tienen Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Updated 8 August, 2012 We Nos Page 11 of 15
To bring Traer traigo
traes
trae
traemos
traen To come Venir vengo
vienes
viene
venimos
vienen To see Ver veo ves
ve
vemos
ven To know Saber se sabes
sabe
sabemos
saben To be *temporary state i.e feelings, location Estar To be *permanent state Ser estoy
estas
está
estamos
estan soy eres
es
somos
son Present Participle The present participle is the “ing” verb form. (i.e. speaking, running) For “AR” verbs: Drop the “ar” and add “ando” to the infinitive as in estidiando (studying). For “ER” and “IR” verbs: Drop the “er” or the “ir” and add “iendo” to the infinitive as in comiendo (eating) or viviendo (living). Examples: Mariella is eating the black beans. Mariella está comiendo los frijoles negros. The boy enters the living room singing. El nino entra cantando la sala. * note: present participle verb forms (‐iendo/‐ando) are preceded by a helping verb‐ usually a form of the verb estar (to be). Adjectives – Adjectivos A Able Absent Abundant Active Active (hyper) Agreeable Alike Alive All Alone hábil ausente abundante activo inquieto agradable parecido vivo todo solo Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Angelic Apart Applicable Appropriate Athletic B Bad Barely Beautiful Better angélico aparte aplicable apropiado atlético malo apenas hermoso major Updated 8 August, 2012 Big Blessed Blond Bloody Bold Boring Broken Burnt Busy C grande bendito rubio sangriento atrevido aburrido quebrado quemado ocupado Page 12 of 15
Careful Cheap Clean Clear Closed Cloudy Cold Comfortable Comical Confused Content Correct Crazy D Dangerous Dark‐haired Dead Dear Decent Delicious Difficult Dignified Dirty Distrustful Dry E Elderly Elegant Elementary Empty Energetic Enormous Entertaining Excellent Exciting Expensive F Fabulous Fantastic Far away Fat Feminine cuidadoso barato limpio claro cerrado nublado frío cómodo cómico confundido contento correcto loco peligroso moreno muerto querido decente delicioso difícil digno sucio receloso seco anciano elegante elemental vacío enérgico enorme divertido excelente emocionante caro fabuloso fantástico lejano gordo femenino Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Few First Flat ground Flat Fleeting Flexible Foolish Foreign Free Fried Friendly Frozen Full G Generous Genius Glorious Good Grand Grateful grave, serious H Hairy Handmade Handsome Happy Happy Hard, difficult Harmful Heavy Honest Horrible Hot Humid Hungry I Ignorant Impatient Impenetrable Important Improper pocos primero llano plano pasajero flexible tonto extranjero gratis, libre frito amable helado lleno generoso genio glorioso bueno gran agradecido grave peludo hecho a mano guapo alegre feliz duro perjudicial pesado honesto horrible caliente húmedo hambriento ignorante impaciente impenetrable importante indebido Updated 8 August, 2012 Incomparable Incompetent Incomplete Inconvenient Incorrect Infectious Intelligent Interesting Invisible Irritable J Just, fair K Known L Lazy Logical Long Loose Loyal M Magnificent Manageable Many Marine Mean, not nice Melted Minimal Musical N Necessary New Nice O Old Old Older Open incomparable incompetente incompleto inconveniente incorrecto infeccioso inteligente interesante invisible irritable justo conocido perezoso lógico largo flojo fiel magnífico manejable mucho marino antipático fundido mínimo musical necesario nuevo simpático antiguo viejo mayor abierto Page 13 of 15
Optimistic Overflowing P Paid Parallel Particular Passed, gone Patient Pensive Perfect Permanent Persuasive Picturesque Playful Polite Poor Popular Preferred Pregnant Prepared Present Pretty Previous Private Privileged Pure Q Quiet, still Quirky R Rainy Rapid Reasonable Rebellious Recent Recognized Recommended optimista rebosante pagado paralelo particular pasado paciente pensativo perfecto permanente persuasivo pintoresco juguetón educado pobre popular preferido embarazada preparado epresente bonito anterior privado privilegiado puro quieto caprichoso lluvioso rápido razonable rebelde reciente reconocido recomendable Recyclable Red‐haired Rich Ridiculous Ripe Romantic Rotten S Sad Safe Same Scarce Scary Seasick Select Selfish Serious Shameful Shocking Short (height) Short (length) Showy Sick Slow Small Small Smart, ready Smooth Soft Solid Special Spent, worn out Spicy Spoken Sticky Strong Sweet T Tall, high reciclable pelirrojo rico ridículo maduro romántico podrido triste seguro mismo escaso espantoso mareado selecto egoísta serio penoso chocante bajo corto llamativo enfermo lento chico pequeño listo liso suave sólido especial gastado picante hablado pegajoso fuerte dulce sabroso espeso delgado cansado juntos verdadero torcido feo unánime incómodo descubierto impar único injusto desconocido valiente varios lavable encerado débil bienvenido mojado malvado inalámbrico juicioso estupendo preocupado escrito joven menor juvenil alto ***An important note about adjective usage in Spanish: In Spanish, an adjective follows the noun it is describing. Example: Tengo un gato negro. I have a black cat. **Notice negro (black) follows gato (cat). Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Tasty Thick Thin Tired Together True Twisted U Ugly Unanimous Uncomfortable Uncovered Uneven, odd Unique, only Unjust Unknown V Valiant Variety, varied W Washable Waxed Weak Welcome Wet Wicked Wireless Wise Wonderful Worried Written Y Young Younger Youthful Updated 8 August, 2012 Page 14 of 15
Mission Statement Bridges to Community's mission is to build a more just and sustainable world through service learning and community development by engaging volunteers to work in developing countries—building community and changing lives. Bridges to Community 95 Croton Avenue Ossining, NY 10562 Tel: 914‐923‐2200 Fax: 914‐923‐8396 Email: info@bridgestocommunity.org www.bridgestocommunity.org Spanish Phrases for BTC Volunteers Updated 8 August, 2012 Page 15 of 15