2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Bangladesh
Key indicators, 2010
GDP (PPP) per capita (int’l $), 1985–2010
Population (millions)...............................................164.4
GDP (US$ billions)...................................................104.9
GDP per capita (US$) ................................................638
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total..................0.35
Bangladesh
6,000
Developing Asia
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Global Competitiveness Index
Rank
(out of 142)
Stage of development
Score
(1–7)
GCI 2011–2012 ...................................................... 108......3.7
Factor
driven
Basic requirements (60.0%).............................................112........ 3.8
Institutions...........................................................................112........ 3.3
Infrastructure......................................................................134........ 2.2
Macroeconomic environment ...........................................75........ 4.7
Health and primary education.........................................108........ 5.0
110
Transition
1–2
1
GCI 2010–2011 (out of 139)................................................107........ 3.6
GCI 2009–2010 (out of 133)................................................106........ 3.6
Transition
2–3
2
3
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
Institutions
7
Innovation
5
Business
sophistication
Efficiency enhancers (35.0%)............................................99........ 3.7
Higher education and training.........................................126........ 2.8
Goods market efficiency.....................................................81........ 4.1
Labor market efficiency....................................................100........ 4.0
Financial market development ..........................................67........ 4.1
Technological readiness...................................................122........ 2.8
Market size ...........................................................................49........ 4.3
Infrastructure
6
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Market size
Health and
primary
education
1
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Innovation and sophistication factors (5.0%) ..............113........ 3.0
Business sophistication .....................................................98........ 3.5
Innovation............................................................................124........ 2.6
Financial market
development
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
Bangladesh
Factor-driven economies
The most problematic factors for doing business
Inadequate supply of infrastructure.................................21.8
Corruption..............................................................................18.5
Inefficient government bureaucracy................................17.3
Policy instability .....................................................................6.7
Access to financing...............................................................6.3
Inadequately educated workforce .....................................6.2
Inflation....................................................................................5.1
Foreign currency regulations ..............................................4.4
Tax regulations .......................................................................3.9
Crime and theft.......................................................................2.7
Tax rates ..................................................................................2.2
Government instability/coups..............................................1.8
Poor work ethic in national labor force.............................1.7
Restrictive labor regulations................................................0.9
Poor public health..................................................................0.3
0
5
10
15
Percent of responses
20
25
Note: From a list of 15 factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between
1 (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings.
The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 © 2011 World Economic Forum
30
The Global Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/142
INDICATOR
1st pillar: Institutions
VALUE RANK/142
6th pillar: Goods market efficiency
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
Property rights....................................................... 3.7 ............99
Intellectual property protection ............................. 2.4 .......... 129
Diversion of public funds ...................................... 2.6 ...........111
Public trust of politicians ....................................... 2.0 .......... 118
Irregular payments and bribes .............................. 2.5 .......... 138
Judicial independence........................................... 3.2 ............90
Favoritism in decisions of government officials .... 2.2 .......... 128
Wastefulness of government spending ................ 3.3 ............62
Burden of government regulation ......................... 3.0 ............89
Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes 3.1 .......... 100
Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs. 3.3 ............81
Transparency of government policymaking........... 3.9 ............97
Business costs of terrorism .................................. 5.2 ............96
Business costs of crime and violence .................. 4.2 ............99
Organized crime .................................................... 4.7 ............95
Reliability of police services.................................. 3.1 .......... 120
Ethical behavior of firms ....................................... 3.2 .......... 119
Strength of auditing and reporting standards ....... 3.8 .......... 122
Efficacy of corporate boards ................................. 4.1 .......... 114
Protection of minority shareholders’ interests...... 3.5 .......... 121
Strength of investor protection, 0–10 (best)* ....... 6.7 ............20
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
Quality of overall infrastructure ............................. 2.8 .......... 129
Quality of roads..................................................... 2.9 ...........111
Quality of railroad infrastructure............................ 2.5 ............73
Quality of port infrastructure................................. 3.4 .......... 113
Quality of air transport infrastructure .................... 3.5 ...........117
Available airline seat kms/week, millions* ........ 202.4 ............61
Quality of electricity supply....................................1.6 .......... 135
Fixed telephone lines/100 pop.* ........................... 0.6 .......... 135
Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* ......... 46.2 .......... 127
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
Government budget balance, % GDP*................ -3.7 ............72
Gross national savings, % GDP* ........................ 26.7 ............33
Inflation, annual % change*.................................. 8.2 .......... 120
Interest rate spread, %* ....................................... 5.9 ............ 76
General government debt, % GDP* ................... 35.2 ............51
Country credit rating, 0–100 (best)* ....................31.8 .......... 105
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
Business impact of malaria ................................... 5.3 ............94
Malaria cases/100,000 pop.* ......................... 1,906.9 .......... 113
Business impact of tuberculosis ........................... 5.0 ............83
Tuberculosis incidence/100,000 pop.* .............. 225.0 .......... 114
Business impact of HIV/AIDS ............................... 5.5 ............55
HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* ...........................<0.1 ..............1
Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births*............41.2 .......... 109
Life expectancy, years*....................................... 66.6 .......... 108
Quality of primary education................................. 2.8 .......... 119
Primary education enrollment, net %* ............... 86.3 .......... 113
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
Secondary education enrollment, gross %*....... 42.3 .......... 119
Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* ...............7.9 .......... 116
Quality of the educational system ........................ 3.4 ............85
Quality of math and science education ................ 3.3 .......... 106
Quality of management schools ........................... 3.9 ............90
Internet access in schools..................................... 2.5 .......... 128
Availability of research and training services ........ 2.7 .......... 133
Extent of staff training .......................................... 3.3 .......... 121
2nd pillar: Infrastructure
3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment
4th pillar: Health and primary education
5th pillar: Higher education and training
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
Intensity of local competition................................ 4.5 ............92
Extent of market dominance................................. 3.3 .......... 102
Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy................... 3.5 .......... 105
Extent and effect of taxation................................. 3.7 ............47
Total tax rate, % profits*..................................... 35.0 ............53
No. procedures to start a business*........................ 7 ............65
No. days to start a business* ................................ 19 ............ 74
Agricultural policy costs ........................................ 4.7 ............13
Prevalence of trade barriers .................................. 4.2 ............93
Trade tariffs, % duty*.......................................... 13.1 .......... 127
Prevalence of foreign ownership........................... 4.0 .......... 115
Business impact of rules on FDI........................... 5.2 ............25
Burden of customs procedures ............................ 3.4 ...........117
Imports as a percentage of GDP* ...................... 30.2 .......... 112
Degree of customer orientation............................ 4.5 ............77
Buyer sophistication.............................................. 3.1 ............94
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
Cooperation in labor-employer relations................ 4.0 ............97
Flexibility of wage determination .......................... 5.2 ............66
Rigidity of employment index, 0–100 (worst)* ... 28.0 ............75
Hiring and firing practices ..................................... 4.7 ............20
Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* .................. 104 .......... 130
Pay and productivity .............................................. 3.6 ............95
Reliance on professional management ................. 3.8 ............96
Brain drain ............................................................. 2.9 .......... 101
Women in labor force, ratio to men*.................. 0.73 ............88
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
Availability of financial services............................. 4.1 ............92
Affordability of financial services .......................... 4.0 ............84
Financing through local equity market .................. 4.5 ............22
Ease of access to loans ........................................ 2.6 ............80
Venture capital availability ..................................... 2.3 ............94
Soundness of banks.............................................. 5.0 ............85
Regulation of securities exchanges....................... 3.7 .......... 100
Legal rights index, 0–10 (best)* .............................7.0 ............39
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
Availability of latest technologies .......................... 4.6 ............95
Firm-level technology absorption .......................... 4.4 ............95
FDI and technology transfer.................................. 4.1 .......... 101
Internet users/100 pop.*....................................... 3.7 .......... 130
Broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* ........ 0.0 .......... 127
Internet bandwidth, kb/s/capita*........................... 0.1 .......... 118
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Bangladesh
7th pillar: Labor market efficiency
8th pillar: Financial market development
9th pillar: Technological readiness
10th pillar: Market size
10.01 Domestic market size index, 1–7 (best)*.............. 4.3 ............41
10.02 Foreign market size index, 1–7 (best)* ................. 4.5 ............63
11th pillar: Business sophistication
11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
11.05
11.06
11.07
11.08
11.09
Local supplier quantity .......................................... 4.6 ............81
Local supplier quality............................................. 4.4 ............ 76
State of cluster development................................ 3.9 ............45
Nature of competitive advantage .......................... 2.3 .......... 139
Value chain breadth ............................................... 3.4 ............80
Control of international distribution....................... 3.6 .......... 106
Production process sophistication ........................ 2.9 .......... 115
Extent of marketing............................................... 3.4 .......... 112
Willingness to delegate authority ......................... 2.9 .......... 126
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Capacity for innovation.......................................... 2.4 .......... 121
Quality of scientific research institutions .............. 2.7 .......... 115
Company spending on R&D.................................. 2.4 .......... 128
University-industry collaboration in R&D............... 2.6 .......... 127
Gov’t procurement of advanced tech products..... 3.0 ...........117
Availability of scientists and engineers ................. 3.9 ............78
Utility patents granted/million pop.* ..................... 0.0 ............90
12th pillar: Innovation
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section “How to
Read the Country/Economy Profiles” on page 89.
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