GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
BIOL 202
Spring 2016
Instructor: Dr. Steven Spilatro; spilatrs@marietta.edu
Lecture: MWF 10:00 - 10:50; Bartlett 162
Laboratory: Tues. 1:00 - 4:00 pm, Rickey 202
Text: Bauman, RW. 2015. Microbiology. 4nd ed.; PearsonEducation, Inc (acc code: MMBSPILATRO46972)
Lab manual: Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology, Edition 21, 2015
Very Tentative Schedule of Lecture Topics
Jan 11 - Feb 5
Additional reading: Blevins SM and Bronze MS. 2010. Robert Koch and the ‘golden age’ of
bacteriology’ International Journal of Infectious Diseases 14:e744–e751.
History of Microbiology - Chapter 1
Microscopy and Classification - Chapter 4
You are expected to review, as
Eukaryotes - Chapter 12
necessary, materials in Chapter 2
Tue Jan 26 First quiz
on basic cellular chemistry. You
Fri Feb 5 First exam
are expected to have learned these
principles in Biol 131.
Feb 8 - Mar 4
Additional reading: Two short Scientific American articles:
Branswell H. 2014. Infection Secrets of Ebola Explained
Biello D. 2014. Ebola Exacerbates West Africa’s Poverty Crisis
Throughout the
Prokaryotes - Chapter 3; plus some topics from Chapter 11
course we will be
Microbial Nutrition and Ecology - Chapters 6 and 25
referring to microbes
Virology - Chapter 13
and diseases
Tue Feb 16
Second quiz
described in Chapters
Fri March 4 Second exam
19 - 24.
Mar 14 - Apr 8
Additional reading: Ackerman J. 2012. The Ultimate
Social Network. Scientific American, June:36-43.
Microbial Genetics - Chapters 7 and 8
Controlling Microbial Growth - Chaps 9 & 10
Infection, Diseases and Epidemiology - Chapter 14
Tue Mar 22 Third quiz
Fri Apr 8
Third exam
Apr 14 - Apr 25
Additional reading: Jared Diamond. 1999. Guns, Germs
and Steel. Chapter 11, Lethal Gift of Livestock.
Selected topics in Immunology - from Chapters 15 - 18
[ Food and water microbiology- as time permits]
Tue Apr 19 Fourth quiz
FINAL EXAM: Wed , 4/27, 8:30 AM
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Biol 202 Resources
Class resource web page:
• PowerPoint slides
• Animations and web
links
• Chapter self-quizzes
Textbook web Site:
• Animations
• Chapter quizzes
• more
Library electronic reserve
• Additional readings
LABORATORY EXERCISES
Date
Exercise
Jan 12
Introduction; General Lab Procedures
19
Bacteriological Techniques
26**
Microscopy
Feb 2
Bacterial Cytology
9
Microscopy/Cytology cont.
16**
Culture Media and Cultivation Techniques
23
Bacterial Metabolism
Microorganism Practical
Mar 1
Virology and Bacterial Genetic Recombination
8
SPRING BREAK
15
Indigenous Bacteria and Pathogens
22**
Control of Bacterial Growth
Gram Stain Practical
29
Analysis of Foods and Water
Apr 5
Identification of Unknowns
Field trip to Hospital
12
Identification of Unknowns, con’t
Field trip to Hospital
19**
Clean up
Unknowns Due
“**” Quizzes Will Be Given at the Start of Lab Periods so Indicated.
OFFICE HOURS
Location: Bartlett Biology Building rm 173, ext. 4748
Times: Mon: 11:00 - 12:00 PM Thurs: 8:00 - 9:00 AM
I will make every effort to be accessible at other times –just drop in.
If I'm busy, we can schedule another time at which we can meet.
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COURSE OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this course are for students to develop a fundamental understanding of the field
of microbiology. Principal emphasis is placed upon learning the fundamental biological characteristics of
microorganisms, and in particular, of the prokaryotes. However, significant emphasis is placed also upon
the relationship of microorganisms and the field of microbiology to the broader sphere of human history,
social, ethical, and medical issues.
STUDENT EXPECTATIONS
Students are expected to bring to this the foundational knowledge provided in the Intro Biology 101 and
131 courses, including such topics as
- Molecular biology `
- Energy harvesting and utilization
- Genetics
- Eukaryotic cellular biology
- DNA structure and function
- Photosynthesis
Students should review these topics as required during the semester, using prior course notes and textbooks,
and/or the textbook used for this course.
ATTENDANCE POLICY
Attendance will be taken in lectures and laboratories. I must be notified at least ONE WEEK in
advance if you need to miss a lecture or laboratory due to a field trip, athletic event, etc. Because of the
nature of certain laboratory exercises, make-ups may not be possible, and no make-ups will be given for
unexcused absences from laboratories. Extraordinary circumstances will be dealt with on an individual
basis.
Students will need to periodically return at non-laboratory periods to complete an exercise or to
observe results. There is adequate flexibility in the timing of these periods to accommodate most student
schedules. Unavoidable conflicts should be discussed with me.
GRADING POLICY
Your final grade will be determined as follows.
Lecture exams
3 x .110
Final exam
Quizzes
4 x . 25
Laboratory grades
.
.
.
.
330 points
150
100
180
----Total . 760 points
An unexcused absence from lab will be a 20 point deduction.
Grading Scale
97 - 100% = A+
93 - 96% = A
90 - 92% = A87 - 89% = B+
83 - 86% = B
80 - 82% = B77 - 79% = C+
73 - 76% = C
70 - 72% = C67 - 69% = D+
63 - 66% = D
60 - 62% = D< 60% = F
Safe conduct in the lab: You are expected to follow safety practices as instructed the lab. Point deductions
from your lab grade may result from repeated failure to dispose of materials in a correct and timely manner,
adequately label cultures (name, organism and date), remove old cultures from the incubators, keep work
space clean, and wear lab coat when working in the lab.
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EXAMS AND QUIZZES
Exams and quizzes will cover lecture materials and assigned readings. The final exam will be
comprehensive. I must be notified at least one week in advance if you cannot attend class the day of an
exam or quiz due to an athletic event, field trip, etc, then, at which time we will arrange an alternative exam
time. You may not be allowed to makeup an exam if I receive "last minute" notification. There will be
no make up exams for unexcused absences. Extraordinary circumstances will be dealt with on an
individual basis.
If you have special needs because of a documented learning disability or other disability, please see
me immediately to discuss possible accommodations.
Academic Dishonesty
Academic dishonesty within the academic community is a very serious matter, because dishonesty
destroys the basic trust necessary for a healthy education environment. Academic dishonesty is any
treatment or representation of work as if one were fully responsible for it, when it is in fact the work of
another person. Academic dishonesty includes cheating, plagiarism, theft, or improper manipulation of
laboratory or research data or theft of services. A substantiated case of academic dishonesty may result in
disciplinary action including a ‘0' on the assignment, a failing grade in the course, or expulsion from the
College.
LABORATORY GRADES (180 points)
Results of Exercises (90 points) — For 9 lab exercises you will be required to turn in your results and
their interpretation on the pages provided at the end of each exercise chapter. One copy of the results will
be turned in for each lab group, at the beginning of the next lab period (unless indicated otherwise).
Generally, ½ - 1 point deductions are imposed for instances of performing protocols incorrectly,
incomplete work, misinterpretation of results, poor responses in written answers, and turning in ‘messy’
work. Late submissions will be docked 10% per day.
Microorganism practical (20 points) — You will be asked to identify types of eukaryotic microorganisms
and some of their characteristics while viewing projection slides.
Gram Stain Practical (20 points) — Using a slant culture containing an unknown bacterium, you will
prepare a Gram stain to identify the Gram reaction, and the shape and arrangement of the cells. You will
also be graded on the quality of the smear and staining.
Identification of Unknowns Lab exercise (30 points) — You will be asked to identify 3 unknown bacteria
to the level of genus using techniques and skills learned previously during the semester. Each student will
work independently as a demonstration of the skills you have acquired during the semester.
Semester Unknown (20 points) — Students can earn extra credit for maintenance, analysis and
identification of their semester unknowns. Each group will isolate, characterize, tentatively identify a
bacterial unknown. The unknown will be isolated during the Basic Bacteriologic Techniques exercise and
maintained throughout the semester in pure form. At the end of the semester each student will turn in a
streak plate of the unknown demonstrating its colonial properties and purity; each group will turn in a
summary of the properties that you determined during the semester, and a tentative identification.
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Microorganisms and Historical Figures that you should become familiar with during this semester.
Given the name you should be able to identify relevant topics, and vice versa.
Protozoa
Amoeba
Giardia
Paramecium
Plasmodium
Anopheles
Trypanosoma
TseTse
Topic
– general form
– water pathogen
– ciliate
– malaria
– vector of Plasmodium
– African Sleeping Sickness
– vector of Trypanosoma
Fungi
Candida
Claviceps
Cordyceps
Penicillium notatum
Penicillium roquefortii
Phytophthora
Pneumonocystis
Saccharomyces
Trichophyton
– AIDS-related infection
– ergot
– insect parasite
– source of antibiotic
– cheese
– Irish potato blight
– AIDS-related pneumonia
– brewing and baking
– skin infections
Bacteria
Bacillus, spp
Bacillus anthracis
Borrelia
Ixodes
Campylobacter
Chlamydia
Clostridium botulinum
C. tetani
C. perfringens
Escherichia coli
Helicobacter pylori
Lactobacillus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycoplasma
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Oscillatoria
Pseudomonas
Rhizobium
Rickettsia
Salmonella
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptomyces
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
Treponema pallidum
Vibrio cholerae
– source of antibiotic, etc.
– anthrax
– Lyme disease, spirochete
– vector of Borrelia
– food contaminant
– chlamydia
– botulism
– tetanus
– food contaminant
– model Gram-neg, etc.
– peptic ulcers
– cheese making
– tuberculosis
– general form
– gonorrhea
– cyanobacterium
– enteric pathogen
– legume endosymbiont
– rocky mountain spotted fever
– food contaminant, Ames test
– toxic shock syndrome, food contaminant, etc.
– strep throat, etc.
– source of antiobiotic
– chemoautotroph
– syphilis, spirochete
– cholera
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Viruses
ebola
Herpes simplex I and II
HIV
papilloma virus
tobacco mosaic virus
T2
– really nasty
– STD, etc
– AIDS
– STD
– plant virus
– bacteriophage
Other ‘pathogens’
potato spindle tuber ‘virus’
prion
– viroid
– mad cow disease, etc
Important historic persons
Paul Ehrlich
Alexander Fleming
Edward Jenner
Robert Hooke
Robert Koch
Louis Pasteur
Wendell Stanley
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Francesco Redi
John Snow
Carolus Linaeus
– chemotherapeutics, etc
– penicillin
– vaccination
– microscopy
– germ theory, etc
– germ theory, etc
– viruses
– microscopy
– spontaneous gen theory
– spontaneous gen theory
– epidemiology
– taxonomy
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