A WEDDING INVITATION
GRAMMAR ASSUMED:
First & Second Conjugations: Passive
Voice of the Present System;
Ablative of Agent
WHEELOCK: CHAPTER 18
Announcing the marriage of Peleus and Thetis! They are destined to become
the parents of Achilles, greatest of the Gr~ek warriors who fought at Troy.
5
10
Salvete, o di deaeque! Noster am'icus Peleus magna consilia habet; nympham Thetidem in matrimonium diicet.
Vos igitur a me, love, ad Thessaliam vocamini Exspectate
bonos liidos et dukes epulas. Debetis autem de his perIculls moner1: I. Quoniam PeJ.eus mortalis est, animus eius ~
terrebitur s'i nimis potentes videbimur; II. Qui audet sine
dono venire, a me casfigabitur. Legite genera donorum
quae laudabuntur ab omnibus qui ea videbunt.
Tu sola, o dea Discordia, non vocaris, nam a niillo
amaris. SI venies, omnis deus in Olympo Ira movebitur.
Inter am'icos discordia non debet tolerarl.
Poenae dabuntur ab eo deo qui suum officium negleget. Valete!
VOCABULARY:
Peleus, -ei, m.: Peleus, legendary king of Thessaly
nympha, -ae, f.: nymph, demi-goddess
Thetis, -idis, f.: Thetis, sea-nymph, mother of Achilles
matrimonium, -ii, n.: marriage
Iuppiter, Iovis, m.: Jupiter, king of the gods
Thessalia, -ae, f.: Thessaly, region of northern Greece
epulae, -arum, f. pl.: feast, banquet
5
castigo (1): to punish, chastise
Discordia, -ae, f.: discord, disagreement, here personified as a goddess
Olympus, -i, m.: Mount Olympus, home of the gods
10
THE JUDGMENT OF PARIS
GRAMMAR ASSUMED:
Perfect Passive System
of All Verbs;
Interrogative Pronouns &
Adjectives
WHEELOCK: CHAPTER 19
Paris' fateful decision leads ultimately to the Trojan War.
5
10
15
Dea Discordia, quae sola ad nuptias Pele! Thetidisque non
erat vocata, ira mota est. Iecit igitur in regiam immortalium
deorum malum aureum, in quo scriptae erant hae litterae:
"BELLISSIMAE." Cui malum dari debet? 1Un6n1 aut Veneri
aut Minervae? Etiam Iuppiter ipse iUdicium facere timet!
Itaque ad Paridem, filium regis Troiani, illae tres deae
veniunt.
"O care adulescens," dicunt, "quis nostrum tua sententia bellissima est? Magnum donum tibi parabitur ab ea
<lea quam eliges." Quern Paris eliget? Quo dono animus
iUdicis movebitur? !Uno eum regem, Minerva ducem facere potest. Venus autem ei Helenam, bellissimam omnium
feminarum, dare potest.
Paris amore victus est et Veneri malum aureum dedit.
Itaque (si certa est fama horum factorum) Helena capta et
ad novum locum, Tr6iam, ducta est. Quod bellum gestum
est propter istam feminam?
VOCABULARY:
Discordia, -ae, f.: discord personified as a goddess
nuptiae, -arum, f. pl.: wedding
Peleus, -ei, rn.: Peleus, father of Achilles
Thetis, -idis, f.: Thetis, mother of Achilles
regia, -ae, f.: palace
malum, -i, n.: apple
aureus, -a, -urn: golden
BELLISSIMAE: dative case ("FOR THE FAIREST")
Iiino, -onis, f.: Juno, queen of the gods
Venus, -eris, f.: Venus, goddess of love
Minerva, -ae, f.: Minerva, goddess of war and wisdom
Iuppiter, lovis, rn.: Jupiter, king of the gods
Paris, -idis, rn.: Paris, Trojan prince, son of Priam
Troianus, -a, -um: Trojan
5
eligo, -ere, -legi, -lectus: to choose
dux, duds, rn.: leader
Helena, -ae, f.: Helen, wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta
10
Troia, -ae, f.: Troy, city in Asia Minor
15
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GRAMMAR
Voice: Active and Passive
When the verb shows that the subject acts (is doing something), it is in
the active voice.
Vir diicet.
The man will lead.
When the verb shows that the subject is acted upon, it is in the passive
voice.
Vir diicetur.
The man will be led.
Observe that voice is shown in Latin by endings. The linking verb sum
has no voice, for it merely indicates existence or a state of being.
Progressive and Passive Verb Forms in English
Distinguish in English between active progressive forms and passive
verb phrases, both of which use some form of the verb to be.
Active (progressive): He is seeing (videt). They were calling
(vocabant).
Passive: He· is (being) seen (videtur). They were being called
(vocabantur).
In Latin it is not difficult to distinguish active and passive.
ACTIVE
In the passive voice,
the subject receives the
action of the verb or is
acted upon.
He is kicking.
L
a
p a
II ilt"'
ITALIAM
187
1 , 11
. •.
b
PASSIVE
He is being
kicked.
LESSON
XXVll
AD
Oral Practice
The word being is often
important in the English
translation of the imperfect
passive, since it underscores the incomplete
nature of that tense.
'M1li1 AM
, W ' *"'
Tell which of these verbs are passive: he called, we were cold, he was
laughing, they were found, you are being taught, he is fighting, they will
be scolded, he will praise, you will be invited, it was being written, we
were reading, she was sent, they were free, they were freed.
Passive Voice of the Four Conjugations
In all conjugations, form the passive voice by adding the passive personal endings to the appropriate stem.
W jCl
FIRST CONJUGATION PRESENT PASSIVE
ENDINGS
-r
00
-mur
ris -mini
por'tor
porta'mur
I am (being) carried
we are (being) carried
porti>ris
porti'mini
you are (being) earned you are (being) carried
-tor -ntur
porta'tur
portan'tur
he/she/it is (being)
carried
they are (being)
carried
THIRD CONJUGATION PRESENT PASSIVE
po'nor I am (being) put
p0'neris you are (being)put
po'nitur ·he/she/it is
po'nimur we are (being) put
p0ni'mini you are (being) put
ponun'tur they are (being) put
(being) put
Similarly, doceor, capior, miinior (see the Grammar Appendix),
FIRST CONJUGATION IMPERFECT PASSIVE
porti'bar I was (being)
portibi'mur we were (being)
carried, was carried,
used to be carried
portiiba'ris you were (being)
carried, etc.
portibi'tur he/she/it was
(being) carried, etc,
188
UN IT
V
ROMAN
POETS ,
GODS ,
AND
carried, etc.
portibi'mini you were (being)
carried, etc.
portiban'tur they were (being)
carried, etc.
HEROIC
JOURNEYS
THIRD CONJUGATION IMPERFECT PASSIVE
pone1>ar I was (being) put,
was put, used to be put
ponebi'ris you were (being)
put, etc.
ponebi'mur we were (being)
put, etc.
ponebi...mlni you were (being)
put, etc.
ponebi 'tur he/she/it was
(being) put, etc.
poneban"'tur they were (being)
put, etc.
Similarly, docebar, miiniebar, capiebar (see the Grammar Appendix).
FIRST CONJUGATION FUWRE PASSIVE
porta'bor I shall be carried
porti'bhnur we shall be carried
porti 'beris you will be
portlbJ' mhd you will be
carried
carried
porta oitur he/she/it will be
carried
portibun'tur they will be
carried
THIRD CONJUGATION FUTURE PASSIVE
po'nar I shall be put
poni 'mur we will be put
pone'ris you will beput
pone'mini you will be put
pone 'tor he/she/it-will be put ponen'tur they will be put
Similarly, docebor, miiniar, capiar (see the Grammar Appendix).
Observe that -r occurs in five of the six passive endings.
In forms ending in -o in the active (as porto and portabo), the passive ending -r is added to, not substituted for, the active ending. The -obecomes short (see page 29).
Oral Practice
1. Conjugate accipio in the present passive, defendo in the imperfect paSsive, and invenio in the future passive.
2. Translate into Latin: we shall be called, he is being taught, it is not
approved, they were being sent, it will be received, he will be heard, you
(sing.) are moved, they are ruled, you (pl.) will be seen, we are awaited.
LESSON
XXVll
Notice the slight but
important difference: '\"diiceris (short -e-), 2nd
pers. sing. pres. passive,
you are led, and diiceris
(long -e-), 2nd pers. sing.
fut. passive, you will be led.
Lle'6il i,]I
AD
· 1f,1 H I
ITALIAM
W WJ
189
Exercises
A. Translate the following sentences.
1. Arna finitimum tuum.
2. Litterae in otio scribentur.
3. ReliquI nautae ad provinciam mittentur.
4. Romani proelium cum barbaris nunc committunt.
5. PaucI viri in finitimis agris oppidisque videbantur.
6. Multa praemia reliquis pueris puellisque donabuntur.
7. Captivi ad oppidum reducentur et proelium committetur.
B. Translate the following sentences into Latin.
1. Few books were being read in camp.
2. They will find food in the house.
3. Food will be found in the kitchen (culina) of the house.
4. The rest of the men will be sent to the island.
5. Are the rest of the boys working in the fields?
• Roots We have seen how Latin and English words are formed
from others. It is important to recognize the roots that words
have in common. Note the relationship and review the meanings
of the following words that have occurred in previous
vocabularies.
amicus and amicitia, navigo and nauta, nfintiO and nfintius,
capio and captivus (a captive is one who is taken), pugna and
pugno, puer and puella, habeo and habito (to inhabit a place
is to keep on having it)
Try to associate new Latin words with those you have already
studied, as well as with English derivatives that you find.
• Towns named Neptune are in New Jersey and Tennessee;
Neptune Beach is in Florida. The four cities in the United States
which have more firms named Neptune listed in their telephone
directories than other cities are New York, Boston, Seattle, and
Los Angeles. Why do you think this name is popular in these
cities?
190
UN IT
V
ROMAN
POETS,
GODS,
AND
HEROIC
JOURNEYS