Chapter 5

Social Interaction and Everyday

Life in the Age of the Internet

Chapter 5

Introduction to Sociology

Ninth Edition

Anthony Giddens, Mitchell Duneier,

Richard P. Appelbaum, & Deborah Carr

Learning Objectives

• Basic Concepts

– Understand the core concepts of the “impression management” perspective

– See how we use impression management techniques in everyday life

• Theories of Social Interaction

– Learn about sociological theories of interaction, ethnomethodology, and conversation analysis

Copyright © 2014, W.W. Norton & Company

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Learning Objectives

• Contemporary Research on Social

Interaction

– Understand how social interaction and broader features of society are closely related

• Unanswered Questions

– See how face-to-face interactions remain important in the age of the Internet


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Basic Concepts

• The World as a Stage

– Roles

– Status or social position

– Impression management


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Basic Concepts

• Audience Segregation

– front region

– back region


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Basic Concepts

• Civil Inattention

– Acknowledgement of strangers in our environment


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Basic Concepts

• Face, Gestures, and Emotion

– Nonverbal communication

– Body gestures or postures are cultural


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Basic Concepts

• Face, Gestures, and Emotion

– Paul Ekman and the Facial Action Coding

Systems (FACS)


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Basic Concepts

• Focused Interaction

– expressions people “give”

– expressions people “give off”

• Unfocused Interaction

• Encounters


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Basic Concepts

• Response Cries

– “oops!” and “duh!”


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Basic Concepts

• Time-space dimension of social interaction

• Regionalization

• Clock time


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Theories of Social Interaction

• Erving Goffman

– Did the most to create a new field of study called microsociology or social interaction


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• Edward T. Hall

– Personal space

• Intimate - up to 1.5 ft

• Personal - 1.5 to 4 ft

• Social - 4 - 12 ft

• Public - beyond 12 ft


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• Harold Garfinkel

– Ethnomethodology

• Study of how people make sense of what others says and do in the course of daily social interaction


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• Harold Garfinkel

– Verbal “search procedures”

• Used to break down social interaction and reveal the taken-for-granted


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Contemporary Research on Social

Interaction

• Interactional Vandalism

– When a person of lower status breaks rules of everyday social interaction that are of value to the more powerful

• Conversation Analysis

– The empirical study of conversations; examines details of naturally occurring conversations to reveal the organizational principles of talk and its role in the production/reproduction of social order


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Contemporary Research on Social

Interaction

• Linking Macrosociology and

Microsociology

– Women and men in public

– Blacks and whites in public


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Unanswered Questions

• Impression Management in the

Internet Age

– Back and front regions on the Internet?


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• The Compulsion of Proximity


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Concept Quiz

After school, Sandra often has to go help her grandparents with chores and grocery shopping.

On these days, Sandra always bring a change of clothes to avoid appearing at her grandparents’ house in the punk-rock outfits she likes to wear to school. This is an example of ___ .

(a) audience segregation

(b) impression management

(c) civil inattention

(d) social posturing


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Concept Quiz

Expressions “given off” are most likely to be composed of ___ .

(a) non-verbal expressions

(b) managed impressions

(c) deliberate body movements

(d) carefully worded phrases


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Concept Quiz

What is audience segregation, as defined in the text?

(a) creating separate seating areas in a theater for different racial groups

(b) ensuring the separation of social groups for which one plays different roles

(c) keeping an audience separated from everything that happens backstage

(d) ensuring that one only interacts with those who really care about her


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Concept Quiz

Which of the following views are supported by the research carried out by Paul Ekman and W. V.

Friesen?

(a) Facial expressions have no meaning outside of their cultural context.

(b) Facial expressions are merely unconscious physical responses to environment and have little to tell us about social interaction.

(c) New Guineans only have a very limited array of facial expressions.

(d) Facial expressions of emotion and their interpretation may be innate.


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Concept Quiz

The division of social life into different spatial settings or zones is called ___ .

(a) clock time

(b) audience segregation

(c) regionalization

(d) compartmentalization


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Concept Quiz

Edward T. Hall distinguishes four different zones of personal space. Which of the following distances is most likely to be maintained in a conversation with a friend from class?

(a) social distance

(b) intimate distance

(c) public distance

(d) personal distance


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Discussion Question: Thinking

Sociologically

Identify the important elements to the dramaturgical perspective. This chapter shows how such a perspective might be applied in viewing the ministrations of a nurse to his or her patient. Apply the theory to account for a plumber’s visit to a client’s home. Are there any similarities? Explain.


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Discussion Question: Thinking

Sociologically

Smoking cigarettes is a pervasive habit found in many parts of the world and a habit that could be explained by both microsociological and macrosociological forces. Give an example of each that would be relevant to explain the proliferation of smoking. How might your suggested micro- and macro-level analyses be linked?


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