B3 U1 The Chain of Love
☆ The Structure of Reading
 Beginning
A man was driving home on a cold winter evening.
↓
～
He stopped for an wealthy elderly who was in need. She appeared nervous on seeing him;
however, after he introduced himself and helped her change the flat tire, she appreciated his
help.
↓
 Turning point
When the elderly lady wanted to pay him for the favor, the man refused and told her to help the
next person whom she found in need.
↓
& 
After saying goodbye to the man, the elderly lady stopped by a small café to grab a bite before
she started her journey again.
↓
& 
A heavily-pregnant waitress offered the elderly lady good service, which reminded her of the
man who had helped her. Therefore, she decided to help her by secretly leaving a lot of money
and a note, which asked her to keep the chain of love going.
↓
 Climax
That night, the waitress, who happened to need money badly, lay in bed and thought about the
elderly lady. She then kissed her husband to comfort him, who had helped the elderly lady early
that day.
☆ Questions for Discussion (p.5)
I. In the reading, what problems do the three characters have and how are these problems
sloved?
1 Joe
Problem(s)
Solution(s)
He was unemployed. With a baby due next
The elderly lady that Joe had helped decided
month, he needed money.
to continue the chain of love, so she gave
some money to a waitress who happened to
be Joe’s wife, and indirectly helped to solve
Joe’s problem.
2 The Elder Lady
Problem(s)
She had a flat tire on a country road one
winter evening.
Solution(s)
Joe helped to change her flat tire.
3 The waitress
Problem(s)
With a baby due next month, the waitress
needed money.
Solution(s)
The elderly lady gave the waitress a big tip
because the lady wanted the chain of love to
continue.
☆ Patterns in Use (p.12)
現在完成式 vs. 過去完成式
I 現在完成式：
1 表示「到現在為止已有過或未有過的經驗」，常與 ever、seldom、never、once/twice . .
. 或 several times 等副詞連用，例：
(1) I have never eaten Mexican food.
(2) Have you ever seen the movie before?
2 表示「剛完成或尚未完成的動作」，常與時間副詞 just、yet、today、already、this
morning、recently、lately、so far 和 till now 等副詞連用，例：
(1) We haven’t received Celia’s reply so far.
(2) It’s 12 o’clock. Has Allen gotten up yet?
3 表示「從過去開始一直持續到現在的動作或狀態」，常與 for + 一段時間(事情持續多久)，
或是 since + 過去式/過去時間(事情自從那時開始)，或是 how long 等連用。
(1) Bob has studied English for five years, but he still can’t speak it fluently.
(2) How long have you been in Russia?
II 過去完成式：
1 表示「在過去某一段時間內，有過或未有過的經驗」，常與另一個簡單過去式的子句併
用，例：
(1) I asked them if they had seen the girl before.
(2) As I had seen the girl before, I recognized her at once.
2 表示「某一動作在過去另一動作發生之前已經完成」，常與另一個簡單過去式的子句併
用，例：
(1) I had finished my homework (before my cousins came).
(2) Mary told me that she had finished her homework.
3 表示「某事在過去持續了一段時間」，也常與 for + 一段時間或 since + 過去式/過去時間
等連用，例：
(1) Robin had been ill for two weeks before he was sent to the hospital.