Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _______ Date: __________
Ch 22: Origin of Modern Astronomy - Study Guide
Vocabulary
astronomy, geocentric, heliocentric, retrograde motion, ellipse, astronomical unit (AU), rotation, revolution, phases
of the moon, solar eclipse, lunar eclipse, crater, ray, mare, rille, regolith
Never
Sometimes
Usually
Always
I maintained a positive attitude
I stayed focused and alert during class
I asked questions when I was confused
I participated in classroom discussion and answered questions
I completed and turned in work from class
I complete and look over my bellringers
I concentrated on taking good notes to help me review
I took my notebook home to study for the test
Reviewing Content
Choose the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement.
1.
Which Greek first proposed that the sun was the center of the universe?
a. Aristotle
c. Anaxogoras
b. Aristarchus
d. Copernicus
2.
One astronomical unit averages about
a. 93 million kilometers.
b. 150 million kilometers.
c. 210 million kilometers.
d. 300 million kilometers.
During which month is Earth farthest from the sun?
a. January
b. April
c. July
d. October
3.
4. What type of eclipse occurs when the moon casts its shadow on Earth?
a. Lunar
c. Solar
b. Sidereal
d. Synodic
5.
During the period that the moon’s phases are changing from new to full, the moon is
a. waning.
c. waxing.
b. approaching Earth.
d. receding from Earth.
6. The large, dark regions on the moon are called
a. highlands.
b. craters.
c. mountains.
d. maria.
7.
Rilles are associated with which of the following lunar features?
a. Craters
b. Maria
c. Rays
d. Highlands
8.
The oldest lunar features are
a. highlands.
b. rayed craters.
c. rilles.
d. maria.
9. The most important forces currently modifying the moon’s surface are
a. rivers.
c.
b. lava flows.
d.
tiny particles from space.
volcanoes.
10. The Ptolemy system proposed that
a. Earth revolved around the sun.
b. the sun was the center of the universe.
c. Earth was a wanderer.
d. Earth was the center of the universe.
11. What is the shape of a planet’s orbit?
a. Circular
b. Irregular
c. Elliptical
d. constantly changing
Understanding Concepts
12. What is an astronomical unit? Average distance between Earth and the Sun or 150 million Km.
13. Newton learned that the orbits of planets are the results of what two forces? Gravity & Inertia (Motion)
14. What is the approximate length of the cycle of the phases of the moon? 1 month (29.2 days)
15. What phase of the moon occurs approximately one week after the new moon? Quarter phase or Half moon
16. How many eclipses normally occur each year? 4 (Two of each type)
17. How long can a total eclipse of the moon last? A total eclipse of the sun? Lunar Eclipse = 3 hours 40
minutes, Solar eclipse = 7 minutes.
18. Describe three features found on the moon’s surface. Craters, Highlands, Maria, Rays, and Rillies
19. Briefly outline the history of the moon. A mars size object hit Earth and broke off a piece to collect and
form the moon 4.6 billion years ago.
Critical Thinking
20. Drawing Conclusions - Does Earth move faster in its orbit near perihelion (January) or near aphelion (July)?
January (Closer to the sun)
21. Predicting - The moon rotates very slowly on its axis. Predict how this affects the lunar surface temperature.
Hot on the days side and cold on the night side of the moon.
22. Applying Concepts - Solar eclipses are slightly more common than lunar eclipses. Why then is it more likely that your
region of the country will experience a lunar eclipse? Everyone on the night side of Earth can see a lunar eclipse, only
the people in the shadow of the moon can see a solar eclipse.
23. Making Generalizations - In what ways do the interactions between Earth and its moon influence the Earth-moon
system? Gravity causes the tides on Earth and light is reflected from both objects.
Analyzing Data
Use the photograph below to answer Questions 24-26.
24. What feature exists at point A? Maria
a. How did this feature likely form? Volcanoes
25. Which point represents a ray? D
a. Which point represents highlands? C
26. What is the oldest feature in the photograph? C
a. How do you know? The rocks were never melted back to
lava or magma
Use the diagram below to answer Questions 27 - 28.
27. Select the number that illustrates the moon’s position in its orbit
for each of the following phases:
a. Full 5
b.
Quarter 7 or 3
c.
Waxing crescent 2
d.
New 1
e.
Waning 6 or 8
28. What number represents the position of the moon during a lunar eclipse? 5
a. A solar eclipse? 1