Name_________________________________________________ Period _____
Earth's Interior
Inside Earth
Guided Reading
1-1 & 1-2
(pages 16-24) ,
This section explains how scientists learn about Earth's interior. The section also describes the layers that make
up Earth and explains why Earth ads like a giant magnet.
The Science of Geology
(pages 17-18)
1. Earth's hard surface is formed of ___________________________________.
2. The study of planet Earth is called___________________________________.
3. What did geologists of the late 1700s conclude about Earth's landforms?
4. Is the following sentence true or false? Earth looks the same today as it did millions of years ago.
5. What is the difference between constructive and destructive forces? Give an example of each.
6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Earth.
a. Earth has five great landmasses, called continents.
b. Geologists cannot observe Earth's interior directly.
c. It is over 6,000 kilometers from the surface to the center of Earth.
d. Geologists learn about Earth's interior by digging holes.
7. ______________________________________________waves are produced by earthquakes.
A Journey to the Center of the Earth
(page 19)
8. How does the temperature change as you go from the surface toward the center of Earth?
9. How does pressure change as you go from the surface toward the center of Earth?
10. The three main layers that make up Earth's interior are the _________________________,
___________________________, and ____________________________.
The Crust
(page 20)
11. The ______________________________is a layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin.
12. Is the following sentence true or false? The crust is thinnest under high mountains.
13. The dark-colored rock that makes up most of the oceanic crust is _______________________________.
14. The light-colored rock that makes up most of the continental crust is ______________________________.
The Mantle
(pages 20-21)
Match the name of each layer of Earth with its description.
Layer
Description
_____15. mantle
A. Rigid layer that includes the upper part of the mantle and the crust
_____16. lithosphere
B. Layer of hot rock between the crust and the core
_____17. asthenosphere
C. Soft layer just below the lithosphere
18. Is the following sentence true or false? The asthenosphere floats on the lithosphere.
19. Is the following sentence true or false? The mantle is nearly 3,000 kilometers thick.
The Core (pages 21-23)
20. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Earth's outer core.
a. It makes up about 25 percent of Earth's total volume.
b. It is made of solid metal.
c. It contains iron and nickel.
d. It behaves like a solid.
21. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Earth's inner core.
a. It consists of molten metal.
b. It behaves· like a thick liquid.
c. It is not very dense.
d. It is, under extreme pressure.
22. In the drawing, label the three main layers of Earth.
Earth's Magnetic Field
(page 24)
23. What forces Earth's solid inner core to spin?
24. What creates Earth's magnetic field?
Convection Currents and the Mantle
(pages 25-27)
,
This section describes how heat is transferred from Earth's hot core through the mantle.
Introduction
(page 25)
1. The movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is called ___________________________.
2. List the three types of heat transfer.
Radiation (page 25)
.3. What is radiation?
4. What are two forms of radiation?
Conduction (page 26)
5. What is conduction?
6. What is an example of conduction?
Convection (pages 26-27)
7. What is convection?
8. Heat transfer by convection is caused by differences of ________________________________and density within
a fluid.
9. A measure of how much mass there is in a volume of a substance is _________________________.
10. Circle the letter of the sentence that describes what happens to a fluid when its temperature increases.
a. Its particles occupy less space.
b. Its density decreases.
c. Its particles move more slowly.
d. Its particles settle together more closely.
11. Use arrows to show the convection currents that would flow if the pot of soup in the drawing was heated.
12. If the pot is no longer heated, when will the convection currents stop flowing?
Convection in
Earth's ,Mantle (page 27)
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13. Is the following sentence true or false? Convection currents flow in the asthenosphere.
14. Is the following sentence true or false? The heat source for the convection currents in the mantle is the sun.