The English Civil War & the
Glorious Revolution
Preview:
–Examine the image on the
next slide. What do you
think is going on?
–What do you think led to the
actions in this slide?
English Civil War (1642-1647)
Reasons for the English Civil War
 In
1603, Elizabeth died. She
never married, so there were no
heirs to continue the
Tudor Dynasty
 Mary Stuart’s son
James I became the
King of England—
started Stuart
Dynasty in England
Henry VII
Arthur
Henry VIII
Mary I
"Bloody Mary"
Elizabeth I
Margaret
Edward VI
Mary
James V
King of
Scotland
Mary Stuart
Queen of
Scotland
James I
Charles I
Civil War
Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
"Merry Monarch"
James II
Reasons for the English Civil War
 Queen
Elizabeth recognized the
importance of working with Parliament
 James I did not; believed he should
be absolute monarch because of
Divine Right (God chooses royal
families to rule); James I did not listen
to Parliament
 Major problems between Parliament &
King over issues of Authority, Money,
& Religion
Problems between the
King and Parliament
 Authority—James
I believed
in divine right and absolutism;
Parliament felt king should be
limited by Parliament
 Money—James I has to ask
Parliament for money to
finance government and
life style
What is divine right?
1.
2.
3.
4.
King has power to rule
from people.
King has the power to
rule from Congress.
King has power to rule
from Parliament.
King has power to rule
from God.
Problems between the
King and Parliament
 Religion—Puritans
were members of
the Anglican Church who wanted all
Catholic rituals removed; Puritans
were active members of
Parliament & were angered
when James I arranged
marriage of son (Charles) to
a Catholic princess
Reasons for the English Civil War
 When
James I died in 1625, his son
Charles I became king
 Charles was ―worse‖ than
James:
–Charles believed in divine
right & absolute monarchy;
refused to discuss ideas with
Parliament—only called
Parliament when he needed money
Reasons for the English Civil War
 Parliament
got fed up with Charles I &
refused to give him money unless
signed Petition of Rights in 1628:
–King could not jail people
without a good reason
–King could not make taxes
without Parliament's approval
–King could not keep his soldiers in
peoples’ homes & could not use army
to maintain order during peacetime
Civil War
 Charles
I was really mad at
Parliament & refused to call another
Parliament for 11 years until he
needed money to end revolts in
Ireland & Scotland
 Conflict between supporters
of King (Royalists/Cavaliers) &
Parliament grew so bad that
a civil war was inevitable
Henry VII
Arthur
Henry VIII
Mary I
"Bloody Mary"
Elizabeth I
Margaret
Edward VI
Mary
James V
King of
Scotland
Mary Stuart
Queen of
Scotland
James I
Charles I
Civil War
Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
"Merry Monarch"
James II
Civil War
 War
between Cavaliers
(Royalists) vs Roundheads
(supporters of Parliament)
lasted for 5 years
 Roundheads found a strong
leader in Oliver Cromwell;
Cromwell and Roundheads won &
behead the king (1st public
execution of a king)
Do you think the Charles I should
have been executed?
Strongly agree
2. Somewhat agree
3. Somewhat
disagree
4. Strongly disagree
1.
What did the 19 Propositions say?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gave the King supreme
power.
Gave Parliament Supreme
power.
Made the Commonwealth
legal.
Gave Oliver Cromwell
complete power.
After the Civil War
 After
the Civil War, a
Commonwealth was created—
type of government with no king &
ruled by Parliament
 Oliver Cromwell led
the Commonwealth,
but did not use
democracy— he
became a military dictator
New Commonwealth
 Life
in the Commonwealth was harsh
because it was led by Cromwell & the
Puritans; Forced strict religious rules
on people of England:
 It was illegal to go to
theaters & sporting events;
―merrymaking‖ &
―amusement‖ were illegal
 Citizens hated living this way & began
to want to bring back a king again
English
Civil War
Graffiti
The Restoration (1660)
Restoration
 People
grew tired of the severe,
religious rule of Oliver Cromwell & the
Puritans; many wanted a king again
 In 1660, Charles I’s son became King
of England—Charles II was called the
―Merry Monarch‖ because
he brought back theatres,
sporting events, dancing
& he got along with
Parliament!!
Henry VII
Arthur
Henry VIII
Mary I
"Bloody Mary"
Elizabeth I
Margaret
Edward VI
James V
King of
Scotland
Mary Stuart
Queen of
Scotland
James I
Charles I
Charles II
James II
Mary
Restoration
 Charles
II learned from the lessons of
his father & grandfather:
–Did not try to rule by Divine Right &
did not threaten Parliament’s
authority
–Passed Habeas Corpus
Law—everyone guaranteed
a trial after arrest; cannot
be held in jail forever
–Anglicanism was official religion, but
treated Puritans & Catholics equally
Restoration
 During
the Restoration,
Parliament strengthened the
Church of England—only
Anglicans could attend
universities, serve in Parliament,
be priests in Anglican Church
 Parliament created Constitutional
Monarchy based on Magna Carta
& Petition of Right (Guaranteed
rights of people & limited king)
Restoration
 BUT,
there were problems:
–Charles II needed more money than
Parliament was willing to give; so he
made a secret agreement with Louis
XIV of France to convert to
Catholicism in exchange for money
–Charles II had no children; when he
died, his openly-Catholic brother
James II will be king (Parliament's
worst fear!!)
This
is
James II
Glorious Revolution



James ignoring Parliament’s religious laws,
James appointed Catholics to government
and university positions.
Parliament was worried the throne would go
to James II son who was to be raised
Catholic.
Encouraged William of Orange (ruler of the
Netherlands who was married to James II
daughter Mary) to invade and take over.
Glorious Revolution (Cont)

James II fled to France when he
realized he had little support from
England.
 This peaceful transfer of power was
called the Glorious Revolution.
William and Mary

William and Mary swore an oath that
they would govern the people of
England.
 Parliament passed the Bill of Rights.
 This passage made it clear that
Parliament was in control.
What is a commonwealth?
5%
co
by
a
ed
by
ru
l
ed
A
st
at
e
ru
l
at
e
st
A
el
ec
ns
.
...
a
by
ed
ru
l
at
e
st
A
t..
..
0%
he
...
th
e
by
ed
ru
l
4.
36%
at
e
3.
59%
st
2.
A state ruled by the
monarch.
A state ruled by a
hegemon.
A state ruled by a
constitution.
A state ruled by
elected
representatives.
A
1.
What is a constitutional monarchy?
Fo
rm
of
go
ve
rn
m
en
t..
.
rn
m
en
ve
go
Fo
rm
of
of
rm
Fo
t..
.
.
t.
rn
m
en
ve
go
ve
rn
m
en
t.
.
5% 5% 9%
go
4.
of
3.
82%
rm
2.
Form of government in which
monarch’s power is limited by the
constitution.
Form of government in which
monarch’s power is unlimited by the
constitution.
Form of government where
Parliament is in control.
Form of government where
Parliament is not in control.
Fo
1.
What is habeas corpus?
0% 0%
..
...
ha
v
e
re
a
to
ve
to
ha
le
op
Pe
le
op
Pe
Pe
op
le
ne
ca
ed
ve
nn
to
ot
b
be
e
be
he
tri
e
l..
.
d.
0%
ha
4.
le
3.
op
2.
100%
People have to be tried.
People cannot be held in
prison w/o just cause or w/o
a trial.
People need to be read their
miranda rights.
People have to have an
attorney present at trial.
Pe
1.