Africa Review
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African
Diaspora
the spreading of African people and culture
around the world
AIDS
Awareness
Through education, early prevention, and birth
control techniques, the spread of the
HIV/AIDS virus can be greatly reduced.
AIDS
Orphans
Many Africans are dying in their 20's & 30's
causing many children to go uncared for in sub
Saharan Africa.
ANC
African National Congress set up to oppose
white domination, organized marches,
Apartheid
ARV's
Askia
Muhammad
Benin
means 'apartness' in the Afrikaans language.
This policy divided South Africans into four
racial groups: White, Black, Colored (Mixed
ancestry) and Asian.
Drug cocktail that treats HIV patients. Does
not cure the disease, but confuses the virus and
keeps those infected alive for an extended
period of time.
He drove Sunni Ali's son from power and ruled
for 35 years. He set up an efficient tax system
and chose able officials. Never became a
Muslim.
their kings based their descent on efe, , A forest
Kingdom in West Africa, known for its very
sophisticated bronze art from the Hausa
people. Portuguese came to trade with them.
Berlin
Conference
In 1884-1885 14 European nations met to
prevent fighting over dividing up Africa.
Boers
Dutch and other European settlers in Cape
Colony before 19th-century British occupation;
later called Afrikaners.
Cecil
Rhodes
British military commander who believed in
expansion and founded the De Beers Mining
Company
Commerce
Trade or exchange of goods and services.
David
Livingstone
Scottish missionary doctor who explored
southern and central Africa. His main goal
was to scout out locations for Christian
missionaries, but he also traced the course of
the Zambezi River, naming its greatest
waterfall for Queen Victoria. Encountered
Henry Morton Stanley while tracing the course
of the upper Congo River. Received warm
hospitality from locals.
Debeers
A company that has a monopoly in diamonds
(90% of the world's diamonds), started by Cecil
Rhodes. Is based on having monopoly
resources.
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Desertification
The transformation of arable land into
desert either naturally or through human
intervention. Ex. The Sahara & Sahel are
growing because of this.
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F.W. de Klerk
Elected as the last white South African
president in 1989. He legalized the ANC
and also released Nelson Mandela from
prison. This started a new era in South
Africa and ended apartheid
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Ghana
The kingdom in West Africa that prospered
because of trans-Saharan trade especially in
gold; this kingdom was around at the time
of Muslim control in North Africa.
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Griot
a storyteller in West Africa
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Guns
Traded to the native tribes in exchange for
war captives which would be used for slaves
in the new world.
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Hausa
a group of people named after the language
they spoke. They first emerged in what is
today northern Nigeria between 1000 and
1200.
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Henry Stanley
The man that found David Livingstone after
he had been presumably lost in Africa and
later took up his work
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King Menelik
King from Ethiopia, fought against the
Italians in the Battle of Atawa
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Leopold II
Belgian King who claimed the African
Congo for himself, creating a personal
fortune by exploiting natural resources
(rubber, ivory) at the expense of the native
people.
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Mali
Empire created by indigenous Muslims in
western Sudan of West Africa from the
thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was
famous for its role in the trans-Saharan
gold trade.
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Mansa Musa
Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His
extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to
Mecca in 1324-1325 established the
empire's reputation for wealth in the
Mediterranean world.
Middle
Passage
the route in between the western ports of
Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S.
that carried the slave trade
Nelson
Mandella
led a struggle to end apartheid and was
elected president in 1994 in the first all-race
election in South Africa
One Party
System
political system in which a single political
party controls the government and elections
are rarely competitive
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Patronage
Giving loyal followers well-paying jobs or
positions in the government. Some corrupt
officials require bribes for Govt. contracts or
licenses.
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Plantations
large farms that grow crops like coffe, rubber
and cacao for export
Richard
Gatling
American inventor of the precursor of the
modern machine gun.
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Rwanda
The country where genocide took place between
Hutu and Tutsi in 1994
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Savanna
a tropical or subtropical grassland containing
scattered trees and drought-resistant
undergrowth.
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Shaka Zulu
king of the zulus, brilliant military leader,
united many small nations through war to make
the Zulu empire
Sharpeville
Massacre
In 1960, S.African police fired on ANC
demonstrators killing more than 60 people.
This represented a turning point in the antiapartheid movement.
Social
Darwinism
The belief that only the fittest survive in human
political and economic struggle.
37.
Somalia
This country is extremely poor and has no
central government. There are modern day
pirates here.
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Songhai
People east of Mali control gold trade moving
father east. built up an army and extended their
territory to the large bend in the Niger River
near Gao.
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Suez Canal
Built in 1869, this linked the Mediterranean
with the Red Sea, drastically shortening the trip
from Europe to India.
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Sundiata
the founder of Mali empire. He crushed his
enemies and won control of the gold trade
routes
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Sunni Ali
His rule began in 1464 and lasted almost 30
years. He built a professional army that had a
riverboat fleet of war canoes and a mobile
fighting force on horseback.
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Timbuktu
Mali trading city that became a center of wealth
and learning
Triangular
Trade
A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s
Africa sent slaves to America, America sent raw
materials to Europe, and Europe sent guns and
rum to Africa.
Yoruba
The Yourba were actually several peoples who
lived in the same area and spoke related
languages, also established a number of strong
kingdoms, the most powerful were the Ide and
Oyo..
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Yoruba
Art
Realistic sculptures made of terra-cotta, bronze,
brass, and copper.