UNIT FOUR ANCIENT ROME
Unit review & TEST OVERVIEW
Or a Funny thing Happened on my way to the Forum – unless of course you are Julius Caesar and then you don’t
think that joke is funny anymore
CHW 3M1
TOTAL MARKS AVAILABLE - 55
SECTION 1
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15 MARKS
APPLICATION & ANALYSIS
10 MARKS
Identify and state significance
Choose from a list
Written in pen – answer in space provided
2 marks each x 5 = 10 marks.
SECTION 4
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COMMUNICATION
Short answer – minimum 1 paragraph per answer
Limited choice in questions which must be answered; but ALL of the required
questions must answered for a shot at full marks
Write in pen and in well constructed paragraph(s)
Separate sheets of paper required
SECTION 3
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15 MARKS
Multiple choice/True or False & matching questions - ½ mark x 30 = 15 marks
Scantron = pencil and eraser
SECTION 2
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KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING
THINKING
15 MARKS
Reading passage related to the unit
Answer all required questions related to the reading
Marks will be given for content in answers as well as ability to synthesize
information from the unit of study into responses.
A reminder: If for any reason you are not present on the day of a scheduled
evaluation, you are required to write it immediately upon your return to school. A
doctor’s note may be required to validate your absence.
Skipping a test will result in an evaluation of
Evaluation Date:
0 for the test.
UNIT four ANCIENT ROME REVIEW
Using your text and your notes as a resource, complete the following sheets for your
study notes.
Concepts Studied: People, Places and Things: Be able to define and describe the
following from the unit studied: In history, it is not only important to know what a person
did or what an event was; but it is also important to know the long term effects or
historical significance of the person’s action or event.
BACKGROUND TO ROME (Very Briefly)
 The Land Of The Ancient Romans The Apennines - The Alps
 The Great Northern Plain - The Plains of Latium and Campania
 The Po - The Arno - The Tiber
THE ROMAN ARMY
 Structure and Formations - Turtle – Wedge & Saw
 Maniples – Centuriate - Cohorts & Legions
 Decimation For Cowardice
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC GOVERNMENT – basic definitions
 Quaestor
 Aedile
 Tribunes
 Centuriate Assembly
 Censors
 Praetors
 Consuls
 Senate
THE PUNIC WARS (General overview and impact on Rome)
1st Punic War 264 - 241 BCE – A Naval Hope & That’s so RAVEN!
(really, how can he look at himself in the mirror?)
2nd Punic War 218 - 202 BCE - The Carthaginians Strike Back!
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Hannibal
Fabius Maximus (The Delayer)
Scipio 3rd Punic War 149 - 146 BCE – The Revenge of the Romans!
Results Of The Punic Wars - Growth Of The Empire and Collapse Of The Old Roman Republic
(is it me or are these all veiled Star Wars references?)
REFORMERS & THE FALL, not Transformers Revenge of the Fallen
(Handout on fall of the Republic – remember that homework that no one did – oh you did it? Well done then)
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Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus - 162 – 121 BCE
Political parties - Optimates and Populares
Marius (156 - 86 BCE) vs. Sulla (138 - 78 BCE)
THE FIRST & SECOND TRIUMVIRATES
(if at first you don’t succeed, try, try, triumvirate again!)
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Pompey, Crassus, And Julius Caesar
The Fall Of The First Triumvirate
Gallic Wars
Mark Antony (Leading General of Caesar), Lepidus (Who Worked for Caesar) And Octavius
(Caesar's Grand-Nephew & Adopted Son – this is all very complicated & made Thanksgiving dinner awkward).
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The results of the Battle Of Actium 31 BCE
THE ROMAN EMPIRE (Post 27 CE)
 Loon Emperors
o
o
o
o
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Tiberius (14 - 37 CE)
Caligula (37 - 41 CE)
Clauduis (41 - 54 CE)
Nero (54 - 68 CE)
Good Emperors
o
o
o
Trajan (98 - 117 CE)
Hadrian (117 - 138 CE)
Marcus Aurelius (161 - 180 CE)
ROMAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
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Government - Pax Romana
Augustus’ Morality Law
Religion - Pantheon
THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
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Economic issues
Decline in public morals
Barbaric invasions
Diocletian (284 - 305 CE) – Division & Augusti and Caesar
Constantine (312 - 337 CE)
o The Battle At Milvian Bridge
o The Edict Of Milan
RISE OF CHRISTIANITY
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Reasons why Christianity was able to spread in the 1st Century CE
Persecution of Christianity - Paterfamilias - POGROMS - MARTYRS
Theodius
The Spread of Christianity – Saul/Paul of Tarsus
General Questions: Answering the following, although not directly used on the test, will allow
you to organize and review important events thematically. It will also help with preparation for
your exam! Yippee!!
I. What were the origins of Rome according to Roman legend? According to historical
and archaeological research? What was the importance of the Etruscans to Roman
history? How was the violent nature of their origin reflected throughout their society?
II. What were some of the basic differences and similarities in character and outlook
between the ancient Greeks and the ancient Romans?
III. Describe the basic institutions & structure of the Roman Republic. What were the
functions of the most important assemblies and officials? What group held most of the
political power -in ancient Rome?
IV. How did Rome manage to grow from a small City-State to the dominant
Mediterranean power between 400 BCE and 150 BCE? What major enemies did the
Romans defeat? What terms did Rome offer defeated enemies? How did these terms
assure the long-term prospects of Rome?
V. What role did religion play in Roman life? What gods did Romans worship? What
religious institutions did all Romans share? What religion caused the Romans so many
darned (sorry for the strong language) problems until 327 CE?
VI. In Roman society who were the patricians and plebians?
(Hint they were not names of sports teams)
VII. Which rival Mediterranean power fought three long wars with Rome between 264
BCE and 146 BCE? What as at stake in these conflicts? What was the outcome?
VIII. What problems did Augustus attempt to solve; but fail to resolve during his reign
as emperor?
IX. Who were the Optimates and the Populares? What social classes did they
represent? Who were their most famous members?
X. Who were Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus? Whom did they represent? What social ills
did they attack and what reforms did they propose? Were they successful?
XI. How did Marius and Sulla’s feud lead to the ultimate downfall of the structure
Roman Republic?
XII. Who belonged to the First Triumvirate? Why did Julius Caesar emerge from the
Triumvirate to become the sole ruler of Rome? (no it did not have anything to do with the salad, although a
variety of greens in your diet is a good thing; but croutons, what up wit dat, its like trying to pass off their stale bread as “Cuisine”)
XIII. Who were the members of the Second Triumvirate? How did Octavian emerge
from the Triumvirate to become sole ruler of Rome? (It helps to remember that Octavian and Augusts
really liked each other so they obviously got along from the get go)
XIV. How did Augustus improve the administration of the Roman Empire during his
forty-five year reign?
XV. What was the Pax Romana? How did the first emperors of Rome bring stability to
the city and the Empire after decades of civil war?
XVI. Define and describe the accomplishments of the LOON EMPERORS (Caligula &
Nero) and the GOOD EMPERORS (Trajan, Hadrian & Marcus Aurelius)
XVII. Why did barbarian incursions on the borders threaten the peace and stability of
the entire Empire?
XVIII. Compare and contrast the early Roman Empire of Augustus to the later Empire
of Diocletian and Constantine
XIX. How were Christians treated in the time of Nero? During the time of Constantine?
What is significant about the changes?
XX. How did Christianity become so darn
popular?
(again sorry for the strong language; but when you are moved by
the spirit, you are moved)
XXII. What string of events sealed the fate of the Western Roman Empire? Who was
Valens and why did he fear the Vandals, Goths, Ostrogoths, Visigoths; but not the
Emos? (sorry emos that kind of marginalization might push you even more over the edge…not my fault, just facts)
XXIII. What string of events initiated by Constantine strengthened the Eastern Roman
Empire? What empire would it become?
XXIV. Briefly describe some of the long term impacts of Roman civilization on the
modern world. (something beyond the appetizer size Caesar salad at Kelsey’s or your accomplishments playing Total War
Rome II would reflect your genuine interest in Roman society)
XXV. What was the nature and purpose of public entertainment in ancient Rome? How
did the concept of bread and circuses keep the Roman mob under the rule of the
Emperors? (They called it the Vespasian Amphitheatre, we call it the Coliseum…tomàto, tomâto)
Random Roman Cartoon:
Classifying Famous Romans
…Was there ever any man, whose words passed from him more powerful, & who
more truly might be said to flash forth as lightning the force of eloquence?...
Pliny the Elder (23 – 79 CE)
Below is a list of some of the individuals who produced the wonders of Rome’s civilization.
Classify these people according to their areas of achievement and identify at least one major
accomplishment for each individual. Answer in point form.
Refer to Echoes from the Past, as your main resource. You may have already studied some
individuals, such as Julius Caesar or Pompey, and your notes will be helpful.
Famous Roman
Tiberius Gracchus
Gaius Gracchus
Marius
Sulla
Hannibal
(not a Roman nor a cannibal)
Fabius Maximus
Check him out in the Punic Wars yo
Scipio Africanus
Pompey
Julius Caesar
Crassus
Achievement
CHW 3M1 CONTINUED
Famous Roman
Marc Antony
Octavian & Augustus & everything
after
Nero
Caligula
Hadrian
Trajan
Marcus Aurelius
Diocletian
Constantine
Jesus Christ
(also not a Roman)
Pontius Pilate
Cicero
Brutus & Cassius
Achievement
CHW 3M
MALKIN – ALL SAINTS
Ancient Rome Practice Unit Test
A: Select the best answer for the following questions:
1. Which of the following does not apply to the Etruscans?
a)
The Etruscan language formed the basis for the Roman language
b)
The Etruscan city states were eventually overpowered by Rome
c)
The Etruscan gods were adopted by Roman society
d)
The Etruscans eventually moved and established the settlement of Shelbyville
2. Which of the following were the first to vote in the Comitia Centuriata?
a)
women
b)
wealthiest landowners
c)
slaves
d)
army generals
3. Which of the following was not a committee within the Roman Republican government?
a)
comitia curiata
b)
comitia tributa
c)
concilium plebis
d)
concilium lucumones
4. Hannibal used which of the following animals to surprise the Romans during the second Punic
War?
a)
angry sea bass
b)
pachyderms
c)
tigers
d)
sharks with lasers on their heads
5. Which of the following does not describe paterfamilias in Roman society?
a)
the father could kill deformed babies at birth
b)
women were always under the guardianship of the father
c)
the father could free slaves
d)
the father needed the permission of his daughter before he could give her in marriage
6. Which of the following would best describe a soldier’s life in the Roman Army?
a)
most soldiers were farmers full time and soldiers part time
b)
originally soldiers were expected to pay for their equipment making it a job only for the
wealthy in Rome.
c)
soldiers could not marry more than three women and were expected to serve for 60
years of active duty
d)
soldiers frequently traveled with their wives, children, dogs and house cats
7. Which of the following does not apply to Roman family life?
a)
inheritance was through the male line so adoption was common
b)
marriage was entered into as a duty rather than an expression of love
c)
the father was endowed with absolute authority over the family
d)
it was believed to be the husband's fault should his wife give birth to a girl
8. Ticket holders for a spectacle in the Coliseum would not expect to see?
a)
wild beast hunts
b)
Christians being executed
c)
chariot races
d)
gladiatorial contests
9. Which of the following does not describe early Christianity?
a)
A charismatic teacher from Nazareth named Jesus founded Christianity
b)
Jesus challenged the power of the Jewish hierarchy
c)
Pontius Pilate probably executed Jesus because he was a possible threat to Roman
authority
d)
Saul of Tarsus remained a lifelong opponent of the Christian cult
10. Which of the following is not a reason for the success of early Christianity?
a)
Christianity had a coherent body of writing
b)
Christianity had an effective bureaucracy
c)
Emperor Tiberius made Christianity the Roman state religion
d)
Christianity had common rituals practiced by all Christians
11. Which emperor was responsible for relocating his capital to Constantinople?
a)
Justinian Bieber
b)
Hadrian
c)
Constantine
d)
Commodus
B: Determine the VERITAs in the following statements:
12. According to legend, the brothers Romulus and Remus were raised by an angry sea bass
a)
Veritas
b)
Fictus
13. Punic is derived from the Latin word for hooked on phonics
a)
Veritas
b)
Fictus
14. Publius Scipio Africanus said of the destruction of Carthage: "We have made a desert and
called it peace."
a)
Veritas
b)
Fictus
15. The Roman Senate praised the tribune Tiberius Gracchus when he sought re-election.
a)
Veritas
b)
Fictus
16. The Roman laws, the Twelve Tables still influence modern legal systems
a)
Veritas
b)
Fictus
17. The Principate was a prosperous and peaceful period after the rule of Augustus because
Rome was at peace and Augustus lived a long time.
a)
Veritas
b)
Fictus
18. The Council of Nicea established early Christian dogma by establishing beliefs in the Trinity,
Neo and Morpheus
a)
Veritas
b)
Fictus
19. Roman society during the period of the Empire was extremely egalitarian
a)
Veritas
b)
Fictus
20. In 212 CE Caligula extended Roman citizenship to all free horses throughout theEmpire.
a)
Veritas
b)
Fictus
21. The eastern part of the Roman Empire eventually became known as Constantinople town
a)
Veritas
b)
Fictus
22. Docletian reformed the Empire to be ruled by 2 Caesars and 2 Augusti who ruled for a set
term of 20 years.
a)
Veritas
b)
Fictus
23. The banning of the Olympic Games in Athens was evidence of the growth of Christianity
within the Roman Empire and the ancient world
a)
Veritas
b)
Fictus
C: Complete the following statements using the Indicium verbum provided:
Indicium Verbum: No choices are used more than once.
Theodosius
Julius Caesar
Vesuvius
Marc Antony
Hannibal
24.
the
Tigris
Praetors
Consuls
Gladiatorial
Hadrian
Five
Ten
Plebis
Colosseum
St. Paul
Milvian
Po
Augustus Caesar
St. Peter
Circus Maximus
Lepidus
Gaius Gracchus
Sulla
Tiber
Pompey
The most important rivers on the Italian peninsula were the
.
and
25.
The Comitia Centuriata (Assembly of Centuries) was an assembly of male citizens
segregated into
electoral classes.
26.
The
were responsible for the administration and organization of
the Roman army and could in times of crisis be appointed dictator.
27.
The Concilium
males.
restricted membership to non-Patrician
28.
In 218 BCE the Carthaginian general
arrived in Northern
Italy with 26 000 soldiers and one elephant, having crossed the Alps from Spain.
29.
A Roman legion was made up of
cohorts.
30.
The armies of
defeated Pompey in Alexandria.
31.
married to Octavian's sister Octavia.
married Cleopatra even though he was already
32.
, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, portrayed
himself as a “first citizen” rather than seem too power hungry like his uncle
33.
Trajan was succeeded by his adopted son,
Roman emperor.
, a great
34.
The
had 80 entrances, of which 76 were public, and
four seating areas, which could accommodate 50 000 people.
35.
The first
Constantine put an end to them in 325 CE.
contests were held in 264 BCE, and
36.
The conversion of Saul of Tarsus, who later became know as
eventually lead to a dramatic growth in Christianity.
37.
Constantine defeated Maxentius at the Battle of the
in 312 CE.
Bridge
D: Complete the following statements, however, as you can see there is no
indicum verbum this time. Diabolical (or diabolico in latin in keeping with the
theme):
INDICIUM VERBUM: Sorry, no choices are used more than once since there are no choices!
Harsh! True dat! or Veritas est!
1. The mythological founders of Rome were
and
2. The Roman Republic was known to its citizens as SPQR which was short for
3. The
was the highest and most important governing body in the
government of the Republic of Rome.
9. In the second Punic War, Hannibal, the famous Carthaginian war general travelled over the
Alps bringing with him 35,000
and 37
(but
no mice)
10. In the third Punic War, Rome fought Carthage for the last time in Tunisia in the Battle of Zama
and
11. Rome invents this important construction material that we still use today to build things
(that’s a hint)
12. The Gracchus brothers tried to introduce reforms that would allow the urban poor to own
Roman citizens did not like the Gracchus brothers’ plans, so the
Romans
and this ended the plans for reforms.
13. The Twelve Tables contained mostly
laws.
14. Legions were reformed. A problem developed because soldiers became more loyal to their
than to the state of Rome.
15. The first Triumvirate was made up of these three men
&
&
16. Eventually only one of the Triumvirate prevails and his name was
and he made himself dictator.
17. What happened to him two years after becoming dictator?
18. The first Roman emperor was
a trick question, or a trick answer)
(this might be
19. What were the importance of roads in Rome?
20. How did Rome get water to flow into its city so it could be used in sewage systems?
21. This religion influenced all of Roman society, including government’s administration after the
3rd Century CE.
22. Diocletian
Empire and the Western Empire.
the empire into two territories called the Eastern
23. The capitol city of the Western Empire remained this city
the capitol of the Eastern Empire became this city
while
24. Elaborate on these reasons why Rome “fell”:

political corruption -
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military spending -

urban decay-

unemployment -

heavy taxation -

failure to implement succession rules -

barbarian invasions -
Random Roman Riddle:
I am a nice five letter word, but the Romans would call 153.
What am I?