Biology
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
Notes Outline 7-1
Section 7-1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
I.
Harvesting Chemical Energy
a. ___________________________ is the process by which cells break down organic compounds to
produce __________________.
b. Both ______________________ and _________________________ use cellular respiration to make CO2
and water from organic compounds and O2.
c. The ______________________ of cellular respiration are the _____________________ in
photosynthesis; conversely, the products of photosynthesis are reactants in cellular respiration.
d. Equation of Cellular Respiration:
_________________ +
II.
III.
6 _________

6 ________
+
6 ________ + energy
e. Cellular respiration can be divided into two stages: ________________ and _____________________.
Photosynthesis-Cellular Respiration Cycle
Glycolysis
a. Cellular respiration begins with _________________, which takes place in the ______________ of cells.
b. During glycolysis, one six-carbon ___________________ molecule is oxidized to form two three-carbon
_____________________ molecules.
c. A net yield of __________ATP molecules is produced for every molecule of glucose that undergoes
glycolysis.
IV.
Fermentation
a. If ________________________is not present, some cells can convert pyruvic acid into other compounds
through additional biochemical pathways that occur in the cytosol. The combination of glycolysis and
these additional pathways is _________________________.
b. Fermentation does not produce _________________, but it does regenerate NAD+, which allows for the
continued production of ATP through glycolysis
c. Cellular Respiration Versus Fermentation
d. Lactic Acid Fermentation
i. In _________________________ fermentation, an enzyme converts pyruvic acid into another
three-carbon compound, called ___________________________.
e. Alcoholic Fermentation
i. Some plants and unicellular organisms, such as yeast, use a process called __________________
fermentation to convert pyruvic acid into ___________________ and ______________.
f. Through glycolysis, only about ___________________ of the energy available from the oxidation of
glucose is captured as _________________.
g. Much of the energy originally contained in glucose is still held in ___________________________.
h. Glycolysis alone or as part of fermentation is ______________________________ at transferring energy
from glucose to ATP.
*** Assignment: 7-1 Review Questions #1-7 page 136
Section 7-2 Aerobic Respiration
I.
II.
III.
Overview of Aerobic Respiration
a. In eukaryotic cells, the processes of aerobic respiration occur in the __________________________.
_____________________ respiration only occurs if _____________________ is present in the cell.
b. The _________________________ occurs in the _________________________________. The
____________________________________________ (which is associated with chemiosmosis) is
located in the ________________________.
The Krebs Cycle
a. In the mitochondrial matrix, _______________________ produced in glycolysis reacts with
________________________ to form __________________________. Then, acetyl CoA enters the
Krebs cycle.
b. One _____________________ molecule is completely broken down in ___________ turns of the Krebs
cycle. These two turns produce four ____________ molecules, two _______________ molecules, and
_____________________ atoms that are used to make _________________ and ________________
molecules.
c. The bulk of the energy released by the oxidation of glucose still has not been transferred to _______.
Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis
a. High-energy __________________ in hydrogen atoms from __________ (yields ______ ATP) and
___________ (yields ______ ATP) are passed from molecule to molecule in the electron transport chain
along the inner mitochondrial membrane.
b. ______________________ (hydrogen ions, H+) are also given up by NADH and FADH2.
c. As the electrons move through the electron transport chain, they ____________ energy. This energy is
used to pump protons from the matrix into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial
membranes.
d. The resulting high concentration of protons creates a _____________________________ of protons and
a charge gradient across the inner membrane.
e. As protons move through ____________________________ and down their concentration and
electrical gradients, _____________ is produced. ___________________ combines with the electrons
and protons to form __________________.
f. The Importance of Oxygen
i. ATP can be synthesized by chemiosmosis only if electrons continue _________________ along
the electron transport chain.
ii. By accepting electrons from the last molecule in the electron transport chain, ______________
allows additional electrons to pass along the chain.
iii. As a result, ATP can continue to be made through _________________________.
IV.
V.
VI.
Efficiency of Cellular Respiration
a. Cellular respiration can produce up to _________ ATP (glycolysis yields ___ ATP, Krebs cycle yields ___
ATP, electron transport yields _________ ATP) molecules from the oxidation of a single molecule of
glucose. Most eukaryotic cells produce about ___ ATP molecules per molecule of glucose.
b. Thus, cellular respiration is nearly ______________________ more efficient than glycolysis alone.
Another Role of Cellular Respiration
a. Providing cells with ______________ is not the only important function of cellular respiration.
b. Molecules formed at different steps in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are often used by cells to make
compounds that are missing in ____________________.
Summary of Cellular Respiration
*** Assignment: 7-2 Review Questions #1-9 page 144