Skeletal and Muscular System Study Guide
5 Functions of the skeletal system (be able to list these out)
1. Gives us shape and support
2. Movement – muscles attach to bones
3. Protects our vital organs
4. Produces blood cells
5. Stores important minerals
VOCABULARY
Skeletal system
The bones that make up the framework of a body
Bone
Complex living structures that make up the skeleton
Ligament
A strong connective tissue that holds bones together at joints
Joint
A place in the body where two bones come together allowing
movement
Muscular system
A series of muscles in our bodies that makes our skeletal system
function
Body system which does the following:
• provides movement
• creates body heat
• protects your bones and internal organs
Voluntary muscle
Muscle under your conscious control
Involuntary muscle
Muscle you have no concious control over
Osteoporosis
Mineral loss, bones become weak and break easily. As people
age, their bones lose some of the minerals.
Tendon
A connective tissue that holds bones and muscles together
Tissue
Similar cells that perform the same function
Periosteum
A thin membrane that protects the bone
Compact bone
The hard, dense outer layer of bone (not solid)
Spongy bone
Stong, lightweight inside of a bone
Marrow
Tissue inside bones that produces blood cells and stores fat
Cartilage
Tissue that keeps bones from rubbing and absorbs shock
JOINTS
Type of Joint
FIXED JOINT
HINGE JOINT
Describe the kind
of motion this joint
allows
A joint with no
motion
Where in the body
can this joint be
found?
Cranium
A joint with a
bending motion
Knee, elbow
Type of Joint
BALL AND SOCKET
Describe the kind
of motion this joint
allows
Allows the greatest
range of motion
A joint with circular
motion
Where in the body
can this joint be
found?
Hips, shoulder
GLIDING JOINT
Allows one bone to
Vertebrae, wrist,
slide over another
ankle
A joint with a sliding
motion
PIVOT JOINT
A joint with a
rotating motion
Base of skull
MUSCLE TYPES
Muscle type
Skeletal
Example
Biceps, triceps
Voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary muslces that
move bones
Smooth
Blood vessels, stomach,
kidney
Involuntary muscles that
line the internal organs
Cardiac
Heart
Involuntary muscles found
only in the heart
SKELETON DIAGRAM
Be able to label 10 bones on the human skeleton – go to
http://www.purposegames.com/game/1009 to practice.