Topic: Cell Processes
Aim: Describe the process of cell respiration and the importance of both types of
respiration.
Directions: Read the passage below. Use textual evidence to answer questions 1-20.
Cellular respiration is the process where glucose is broken down to make energy to use for cellular
processes. There are two types of cellular respiration, aerobic and anaerobic respiration. During aerobic
respiration, oxygen combines with glucose and glucose is broken down to create energy. This complex
process begins in the cytoplasm and end in the mitochondria. Water and carbon dioxide are released as waste
5 products. The energy is used to form 36 molecules of ATP for the cell.
When oxygen is not available to a cell, the organism must carry out anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic
respiration, or fermentation, breaks down glucose without oxygen and it occurs in the cytoplasm.
In one type of anaerobic respiration, lactic acid fermentation, muscle cells deficient of oxygen break
glucose down into a compound called lactic acid. Lactic acid causes muscles to burn when exercising. Only 2
10 ATP molecules are released. Some bacteria also carry out lactic acid fermentation. The food industry uses
bacteria to create products such as yogurt, buttermilk and sour cream.
Alcoholic fermentation occurs in yeast cells when oxygen is not available. Using yeast in the baking
industry causes the release of carbon dioxide bubbles resulting in the dough to expand, or rise. Another waste
product of alcoholic fermentation is ethyl alcohol, which is used by the beverage industry to make beer and
15 wine. Yeast cells also release 2 ATP molecules as a result of this process.
Questions:
1. Describe the process of cellular respiration. (1-2)
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2. Identify the two types of cellular respiration. (2)
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3. Where does aerobic respiration occur in a cell? (4)
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4. Identify the raw materials (what is used) of aerobic respiration. (3)
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5. Identify the waste products released by aerobic respiration. (4)
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6. Identify the number of ATP produced as a result of aerobic respiration. (5) ___________________________________
7. Identify the major difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (6-7)
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8. Identify the other name for anaerobic respiration. (7) _____________________________________________________
9. Where does fermentation occur in a cell? (7) _____________________________________________________________
10. Identify the two types of fermentation. (8 and 12)
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11. Identify the raw material of fermentation. (7) ___________________________________________________________
12. Identify the waste product released as a result of lactic acid fermentation. (9) __________________________________
13. Identify the number of ATP produced as a result of lactic acid fermentation. (9-10) ______________________________
14. Identify the types of cells that lactic acid fermentation occurs. (9)
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15. Describe the effect of lactic acid fermentation in humans. (9)
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16. Identify substances that can be produced by lactic acid fermentation in bacteria. (11)
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17. Identify the organism in which alcoholic fermentation occurs. (12) ___________________________________________
18. Identify substances that can be produced as a result of alcoholic fermentation. (13-14)
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19. Identify the number of ATP produced as a result of alcoholic fermentation. (15) ______________________________
20. Fill in the table below.
Aerobic
Cellular
Respiration
Does it require
oxygen?
Raw materials
Products
Location
inside
a cell
Amount of ATP
made in the cell
Types of cells
where it occurs
Lactic Acid
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Fermentation