TOPIC:
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Remember:
Carbon dioxide= ____
Water = _______
Glucose = ___________
Oxygen = _______
ATP = _______________
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In photosynthesis, light energy, carbon dioxide, and water, is used to
create glucose and oxygen. Photosynthetic organisms take carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen in to the
atmosphere.
Photosynthetic organisms also store a source of energy in the form of
glucose, which can be used to create starch and cellulose. Starch
and simple sugars can be used by humans to obtain energy, although
cellulose cannot.
Chemical Reaction for Photosynthesis:
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Humans and all other organisms with mitochondria (INCLUDING
PLANTS) obtain energy through a process called cellular respiration.
Can also be called: respiration, cell respiration
Respiration is a word that basically means breathing.
For humans, breathing is very important to cellular respiration, as
oxygen is needed to perform the process and carbon dioxide is
created and exhaled.
In cellular respiration, the energy stored in food (glucose) is converted
into energy the cell can use (ATP) in the presence of oxygen.
The chemical formula for cellular respiration:
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This formula in words:
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What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular
respiration?
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There are three parts of cellular respiration:
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Glycolysis
Anaerobic
2 ATP Produced
Krebs Cycle
Aerobic
2 ATP Produced
Electron Transport
Chain
Aerobic
32 ATP Produced
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The total number of ATP molecules created by ATP is 36.
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Aerobic = requires oxygen
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Anaerobic = does not require oxygen
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Even though glycolysis does not require oxygen, the other two parts do
require oxygen. Thus cellular respiration can also be referred to as
aerobic respiration.
An anaerobic process that can convert food energy into ATP in the absence
of oxygen is called fermentation. Some organisms (humans, for example) use
fermentation to create ATP when oxygen is unavailable.
Types of Fermentation:
1. Alcoholic Fermentation:
- Used by yeast and a few other microorganisms to obtain energy.
- Creates alcohol and carbon dioxide.
- How alcoholic beverages are made.
2. Lactic Acid Fermentation:
- Another form of fermentation that creates lactic acid.
- Can be used by most organisms
- Certain bacteria that use lactic acid fermentation are used to
make yogurt, cheese, sour cream, and pickles.
- Humans can use lactic acid fermentation when oxygen is not
available. The cells best adapted to doing this are muscle cells,
which require a lot of energy. It is because of lactic acid that your
muscles become sore after large amounts of activity.
Summary:
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