AP US History Final Exam Review Guide (1st Semester)
Colonial Era
o Chesapeake (Jamestown)
 Indentured servants
 Bacon’s Rebellion
o New England
 Pilgrims
 Mayflower Compact
 John Winthrop—Arbella Sermon “City upon a hill”
 Anne Hutchinson
 Mass. Bay
 Great Awakening
1763-1783
o Causes of tension:
 Proclamation of 1763
 “Taxation without representation”
 Navigation Acts—mercantilism
o Sugar Act (1764)
 Stamp Act (1765)
o Sons of Liberty (Sam Adams)
 Tea Act (1773)
o Boston Tea Party
o British reaction = Coercive/Intolerable Acts
 Quartering Act
 Townsend Acts
 Boston Massacre
o Common Sense (Thomas Paine)
o John Locke
o Second Continental Congress
 Organizing for war
 Declaration of Independence
 TJ
 What did it do?
o Revolutionary War
 Problems for soldiers
 Significance of the following battles:
 Lexington + Concord
 Saratoga
 Yorktown
 Treaty of Paris
Critical Era (1783-1800)
o Articles of Confederation
 Weaknesses
 Northwest Ordinances
 Settlement and admission of new states
o Shay’s Rebellion (1787)
o Constitutional Convention
 3/5 Compromise
 NJ Plan
 VA Plan
 CN/Great Comp.
 Equal representation in Senate (upper house)
 Proportional representation in HOR (lower house)
o 1 representative/30,000 inhabitants
o All tax bills must originate in HOR
 Electoral College
o Insulate presidency from popular will
 No direct election of Senators, only members of HOR directly elected
 Federalists v. Anti-Federalists Debate
 Arguments made by both sides
 Bill of Rights
o Republican Motherhood
o Tecumseh and Tenkswatawa
Washington Administration (1789-1797)
Domestic:
 Precedents
 Cabinet (War, State, Treasury, Attorney General)
o Hamilton’s Funding + Assumption
 Hamilton v. TJ
 Federalist Party v. Jeffersonian-Republican Party
 Strong v. weak federal govt. (state’s rights)
 Loose v. strict construction
 Merchants v. yeoman farmers
 Cities v. rural America
 Britain v. France
 National bank
 Whiskey Rebellion
 Cotton gin invented (Eli Whitney)
 Farewell Address
Foreign:
 Proclamation of Neutrality
 Citizen Genet affair
 Jay’s Treaty (Great Britain)

Pinckney Treaty (Spain-Miss. River)
Adams Administration (1797-1801)
Domestic:
 Funding for military
o Built up navy
 Continued Hamilton’s policies
 Alien + Sedition Acts
o VA + KY resolutions in response
 Midnight Judges
o Chief Justice John Marshall
 “Revolution of 1800”
Foreign:
 XYZ Affair
 Avoided war with France
Jefferson Administration (1801-1809)
Domestic:
 Inaugural Address—uniting parties
 Reduced scope of govt.
 Supported yeomen farmers
 Marbury v. Madison (1803)
o judicial review
 Embargo Acts
Foreign:
 Louisiana Purchase
o Lewis + Clark expedition
 Barbary War
Madison Administration (1809-1817)
Domestic:
 Hartford Convention
 War Hawks
 Lowell System / Lowell girls
Foreign:
 War of 1812
o Battle of New Orleans (Jackson)
o Treaty of Ghent
Monroe Administration (1817-1825)
Domestic:
 Erie Canal
 “Era of Good Feelings”



Missouri Compromise
o Maine + Missouri
o 36 30 line
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Foreign:
 Monroe Doctrine
o Europeans stay out of Western Hemisphere
 Adams-Onis Treaty
o US acquired FL from Spain
JQ Adams Administration (1825-1829)
 Election of 1824
o Corrupt bargain (Henry Clay)
 Henry Clay’s American System
 2nd Great Awakening
Jackson Administration (1829-1837)
 Rise of the common man
 Second party system
o Democrats vs. Whigs
 Use of veto
 Bank War
o Pet banks
o Led to expansion of credit and speculation
 Panic of 1837
 Nullification Crisis (1828)
o Tariff of Abominations
o John C. Calhoun, SC
o Force Act
 Indian Removal Act
o Trail of Tears
o Worcester v. Georgia
 Charles River Bridge case
 Transcendentalism
 Opposition to annexation of Texas because fear of sectional issues (slavery)
Van Buren Administration (1837-1841)
 Panic of 1837
 Whigs v. Jacksonian Democrats
o Whigs supported Clay’s American System
 Economic progress + self-sufficiency
 Protective tariff, internal improvements
Harrison/Tyler Administration (1841-1845)
Polk Administration (1845-1849)
Domestic:
 Manifest Destiny
 Mormon trek westward
o Joseph Smith / Brigham Young
 Lowell system factories—manufacturing
o Young, unmarried women

Age of Reform
o Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
 Elizabeth Cady Stanton + Lucretia Mott
 Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions—based on Dec. of Ind.
o Reformers involved in the following movements:
 Temperance
 Abolition
 Suffrage for women
 Education
 Prisons/mental asylums
Foreign:
 Westward Expansion
o Texas Independence (1836)
o Mexican-American War (1846-48)
 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
 Wilmot Proviso
Taylor/Fillmore Administrations (1849-1853)
 Provisions of the Compromise of 1850
o Fugitive Slave Act
 Apologists view of slavery
Pierce Administration (1853-1857)
Domestic:
 Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
o Popular sovereignty
o Lecompton Constitution
o Bleeding Kansas
o “Bleeding Sumner”
 Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
 Know Nothing/American Party
Foreign:
 Ostend Manifesto
 Gadsden Purchase
Buchanan Administration (1857-1861)
 Crittenden Compromise (1860)
Lincoln Administration (1861-1865)
Domestic:
 Homestead Act (1862)
 Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)
 3rd party system
o Republican Party vs. Democratic Party
 Republicans opposed to extension of slavery

Civil War
o Fort Sumter
o Battle of Antietam
o Battle of Gettysburg
o Appomattox
o Advantages of North vs. South
o Role of African Americans
 54th Massachusetts Regiment
Foreign:
 Role of Europe in Civil War
Andrew Johnson Administration (1865-1869)
Domestic:
 Reconstruction
o “Radical” reconstruction
 13th, 14th, 15th amendments
 "forty acres and a mule"
 Black codes
 Jim Crow laws
 Redeemers
 scalawags
 Sharecropping, crop lien system
 Impeachment
o Tenure of Office Act
 The Grange
Foreign:
 Seward's Folly
Grant Administration (1869-1877)
 Corruption
 Battle of Little Bighorn
Hayes Administration (1877-1881)
 Compromise of 1877
 Machine politics
o Boss Tweed
o Thomas Nast
Garfield/Arthur Administration (1881-1885)
 Chinese Exclusion Act
 Pendleton (Civil Service) Act
Cleveland Administration (1885-1889)
 Knights of Labor
 American Federation of Labor
o Samuel Gompers
 Ida Wells
 Interstate Commerce Act
 Edward Bellamy (Looking Backward)
 Haymarket Incident
 Dawes Act
Benjamin Harrison Administration (1889-1893)
 Turner (Frontier) Thesis
 Robber barons/captains of industry
o John D. Rockefeller
o J.P. Morgan
o Andrew Carnegie
o horizontal integration
o vertical integration
 Gospel of Wealth
 Social Darwinism
 Wounded Knee
 Jacob Riis (How The Other Half Lives)
 Sherman Anti-trust Act
Cleveland Administration (1893-1897)
 Booker T. Washington
o Atlanta Compromise
 W.E.B. DuBois
o Populist (People's) Party
o William Jennings Bryan
 Cross of Gold Speech
 Silver standard
 Pullman Strike
 Coxey's Army
 Plessy v Ferguson
McKinley Administration (1897-1901)
Domestic:
 William Randolph Hearst
 Joseph Pulitzer
 Alfred Thayer Mahan
 jingoism
Foreign:
 Spanish-American War
 Platt amendment
 Teller Amendment
 Boxer Rebellion
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Events leading up to Civil War:
o MO Comp.
o Nullification crisis
o Nat Turner’s rebellion
o Texas Annexation
o Mexican-American War
o Wilmot Proviso
 Prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico
o Manifest Destiny
o William Lloyd Garrison—The Liberator
 Immediate, uncompensated emancipation
o Underground railroad
 Harriet Tubman
o Compromise of 1850
 Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
o Uncle Tom’s Cabin
o Kansas-Nebraska Act
 Popular sovereignty
o Bleeding Kansas
o Bleeding Sumner
o Dred Scott decision
o John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry
o Election of 1860
o Secession of SC
o Fort Sumter, SC
Gilded Age
o Social Darwinism
 Robber barons v. captains of industry
 Carnegie (steel)
 Rockefeller (oil)
 JP Morgan (finance)
o Social Gospel
o Old v. New immigrants
 Nativism
o Supreme Court’s decisions favoring big business
o Sherman Anti-Trust Act
o Unions—AFL (Samuel Gompers), Knights of Labor
o Populism (William Jennings Bryan)
 Silver standard
o Machine politics
 Boss Tweed
o Booker T. Washington v. WEB DuBois

Supreme Court cases
o Marbury v. Madison (1803)
o McCulloch v. MD (1819)
o Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
o Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
o Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)