Understand how hormones and glands control the homeostasis of the body!
The endocrine system is composed of a group of glands that secrete chemical substances, called hormones that
control many body activities. This assignment will help you review the main facts about the system. Read the
information on the endocrine system, located on pages 172 through 177. As you read about the endocrine system,
complete the following worksheet
Steroid hormone
1. What are hormones?
What are the two main kinds of hormones and how are they different
How are hormones transported through the body?
2. List five (5) functions of hormones.
3. Name the endocrine glands located in each of the following areas of the body
Description
Above each kidney
On each side of the uterus in the female
Master gland located just under the brain (sella turnica)
In front of the upper part of the trachaea
Behind and attached to the thyroid
Glandular organ behind the stomach
Endocrine Gland
Endocrine System Worksheet
1. Explain the difference between endocrine and exocrine gland.
2. Make a drawing of the human body. Map out/label all the endocrine glands in the body.
3. Which type of hormone functions by entering the cell? Which type of hormone functions by binding to
receptors on the cell membrane?
4. Make a data table with the following info....
Gland Hormone(s) released by gland Target cell/organ of hormone Function of hormone on target cell/organ
Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
Gland
Hormone(s) released by
gland
Target cell/organ of
hormone
Function of hormone on target
cell/organ
Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
Endocrine System Worksheet
1. Label page 116 of study guide
2. What is the difference between an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland?
3. What is the difference between a prostaglandin and a hormone?
4. What is the difference between steroid and protein hormone action?
5. Describe how both negative and positive feedback mechanisms control hormone production.
6. Complete endocrine gland/hormone chart attached.
GLANDS AND HORMONES OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Thyroid Gland
1. T3 (______________________________) and T4
(_________________________________)
o target = ________________________________
o stimulates ______________________________
o increases body _________________ and ______________________
consumption
o works in association with ___________ (ie. GH)
2. Calcitonin
o target = __________________________
o decreases ________________________ in blood (excess is absorbed by bones)
o works antagonistically to _______________________________
Parathyroid Glands
1. Parathormone (____________) released from 4 small glands on back of thyroid gland
o target = _________________ and __________________
o increases ______________________ in blood by stimulating release from
______________
Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
1. Insulin
o
o
o
o
o
o
produced by ___________ cells
target = ___________________ and ___________________
____________________ blood sugar levels (reduces
hyper_________________)
increases __________________ storage in liver and muscle
promotes synthesis of proteins and fats
antagonistic to _________________________
2. Glucagon
o produced by ___________ cells
o target = ___________________ and ___________________
o ____________________ blood sugar levels (reduces hypo_________________)
o stimulates ___________________ breakdown (to release glucose)
o antagonistic to _________________________
3. Somatostatin
o produced by ___________ cells
o target = __________________________________ (moderates them)
o stimulates _______________________ metabolism (helps control digestion)
Pineal Gland
1. Melatonin
o target = _________________
o controls ____________________ cycles and involved in biorhythms
o this gland is ____________sensitive and as a result, melatonin is secreted in the
_________________ of light promoting ___________________
Thymus Gland
1. Thymosin
o target = _________________
o stimulates the _________________ system
Adrenal Glands
2 major regions of the adrenal release hormones. The adrenal cortex (outer portion) and
adrenal medulla (inner portion)
1. Glucocorticoids (eg. Cortisol)
o produced by adrenal ________________
o target = ________________ cells
o increases blood ________________ levels
o decreases _______________________ response
2. Mineralocorticoids (eg. Aldosterone)
o produced by adrenal ________________
o target = ________________
o promotes _________ reabsorption (so not excreted in urine)
o if Na+ or B.P. decreases, aldosterone is released to make blood more
__________tonic
3. Adrenalin
o also called ____________________________
o produced by adrenal _____________________
o release is stimulated by _____________________ nervous system (autonomic
division)
o target = ___________________, ___________________ and
______________________
o ____________________ blood sugar levels
o increases _________________ rate
4. Noradrenalin
o also called ____________________________
o produced by adrenal ____________________________
o release is stimulated by _____________________ nervous system (autonomic
division)
o target = muscles of __________________________
o controls ______________________ and ____________________ of blood
vessels
Ovaries
1. Estrogen
o produced by developing ________________
o causes development of secondary ____________ characteristics (ie. pubic hair,
breast enlargement, etc.) and development of _____________ in follicle
o also causes thickening of ________________ lining
2. Progesterone
o produced by _______________ ____________________ (ruptured follicle after
ovulation)
o causes development of __________________ lining and breast enlargement
Testes
1. Androgens (ie. testosterone)
o produced by ______________ cells outside of __________________________
tubules
o stimulates ___________________________ (sperm development) and male
secondary __________ characteristics (pubic and facial hair, muscle mass)
Heart
1. Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)
o produced by ____________ of heart
o target = ____________________
o increases ___________________ excretion in urine (therefore antagonistic to
____________________)
o lowers __________
Liver
1. Somatomedin
o target = _____________ cells
o together with STH, stimulates overall growth and development (therefore
_______________ to STH, ie. same function)
Kidneys
1. Renin
o
acts on proteins in blood to produce __________________________ (which
helps control ____________)
2. Erythropoietin
o target = __________________________
o increases __________________________ (RBC) production (more O2 can be
carried therefore more cell resp. and energy to body)
o released at high ____________________ or greater need for RBC's
Gastrointestinal Tract
1. Gastrin and Secretin
o target = stomach and pancreas
o stimulates release of digestive enzymes and activity of digestive organs
Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the words in the list.
target; blood system; ducts; hormones
a. Endocrine glands release their secretions directly into the blood. In other words they have no
ducts.
b. Endocrine glands secrete chemicals called hormones.
c. Hormones are transported from the endocrine glands to all parts of the body by the blood
system.
d. Although hormones are carried throughout the body they only affect specific target organs and
tissues
2. The position of endocrine organs have been indicated in red on the diagram of a composite male and
female dog shown below. Add the labels in the list to the diagram.
Ovary; Pancreas; Thyroid gland; Pituitary gland; Testis; Adrenal gland; Pineal gland;
Parathyroid gland
3. On the diagram of the brain below indicate the position of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland.
4. In the table below list 3 hormones produced by the pituitary gland and state the function of each.
Hormone
Function
1.Growth hormone.
Stimulates growth of the body by increase in length of the long
bones
2.Oxytocin
Stimulates milk "let down"
3.Follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH)
Stimulates the development of the ovarian follicle.
Plus: Luteinising hormone(LH)
Stimulates development of the corpus luteum of the ovary
Plus: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Stimulates the production of concentrated urine
Plus some others
5. Fill in the following table with the endocrine organ the hormones are produced by.
Hormone
Produced by:
Insulin
Pancreas
Progesterone
Corpus luteum
Oestrogen
Ovarian follicle
Growth hormone
(Anterior) pituitary gland
Adrenaline
Adrenal medulla
Antidiuretic hormone
(Posterior) pituitary gland
Testosterone
Testis
Aldosterone
Adrenal cortex
Melatonin
Pineal gland
Oxytocin
(Posterior) pituitary gland
Thyroxine
Thyroid gland
6. Match the hormones in the list below with their functions.
Oxytocin; Insulin; Oestrogen; Growth hormone; Antidiuretic hormone; Testosterone;
Adrenaline; Cortisone; Melatonin; Progesterone; Thyroxine; Luteinising hormone; Follicle
stimulating hormone
Hormone
Function
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
1. Stimulates development of the ovarian follicle.
Oxytocin
2. Stimulates milk “let down”.
Insulin
3. Controls blood glucose levels.
Thyroxine
4. Influences the rate of growth and development of young
animals.
Growth hormone
5. Stimulates the growth of long bones.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
6. Stimulates absorption of water from the kidney tubule.
Melatonin
7. Influences the development of sexual maturity.
Luteinising hormone (LH)
8. Stimulates the development of the corpus luteum.
Oestrogen
9. Stimulates the development of female sexual
characteristics.
Testosterone
10. Stimulates the development of the male sexual
characteristics.
Cortisone
11. Affect glucose, protein and fat metabolism.
Progesterone
12. Prepares the lining of the uterus for pregnancy.
Adrenaline
13. Prepares the body for emergency situations.
7. Circle the odd one out.
1. melatonin; oxytocin; growth hormone; antidiuretic hormone; follicle stimulating hormone.
Melatonin is the only hormone in the list not produced by the pituitary gland.
2. progesterone; oestrogen; luteinising hormone; cortisone; follicle stimulating. Cortisone is the
only hormone in the list not involved in any major way with reproduction.
3. adrenaline; cortisone; aldosterone, oestrogen, insulin. Insulin is the only hormone in the list
not produced by the adrenal gland.