The World of Construction
The evolution of construction p. 384
Name:________________________
Period:__________
1. The three types of construction are:
Examples of each
________Residential______ ex: single family, apartments ect…
________commercial______ ex: Stores, offices ect….
_________civil
______ ex: Bridges, tunnels, dams, ect…..
2. __stick construction__uses individual pieces of wood (ex. 2X4s) to construct a building.
3. List three types of materials used for building roads:
Concrete, asphalt, stone
4. List three other real world things that can be constructed:
Brides, monuments, roads (anything built on site)
5. __wood__ a renewable resource that is used to make lumber and other engineered products.
6.___steel___ a mixture of iron and carbon used as frame work for many buildings.
7.__concrete____ mixture of cement, sand, stones and water that is poured into forms.
8.___composite________ a combination of two or more materials.
9. _Building codes_________ rules regulating the type of structure that can be built
10. Conservative design__ designing a structure stronger than it needs to be.
House Construction p. 408
1. _foundation______the part of a structure that rests on the ground and supports the structure.
2. ___studs_____are the vertical wall supports.
3. __sheathing______ encloses the structure.
4. ___truss____ prefabricated triangular roof framework.
5. ____insulation____is placed in the walls and ceilings to keep the heat in the house.
6. List three types of utilities systems found in a home:
Electrical, water and sewage, heating and cooling
p. 426
Roadways:
List the three layers that make up a roadway:
___subgrade____, ______base______, _____surface layer______
What type of roadways applications would require concrete?
Highways, Airports (heavy duty)
What is asphalt?
Crude oil mixed with gravel used for driveways, parking lots and many roads.
Bridges:
What is an abutment? Support where the bridge meets the land
What is the span of a bridge? The distance between supports
Identify the following types of bridges:
Suspension:
Bridge long spans (made up of towers with wires supporting the road structure)
Truss:
Bridge made up of members that are formed in to triangle sections.
Cantilever:
Bridge that is supported on one end. (ex: draw bridge)
Beam:
Bridge that is made up of a solid beam or girder. ( similar to a log across a river)
Tunnels:
What is a tunnel and what are some techniques used to make them.
Used to go through mountains and under rivers. Built with large drills or explosives.
Dams:
What is the purpose of a dam? Control flooding, reservoirs, power production
What are some negative impacts that dams have on the environment?
Flood natural ecosystems, displace people from homes