Henri Cartier-Bresson
Born August 8, 1908 in Chanteloup, Seine-et-Marne,
France
Died August 3, 2004 in Montjustin, Provence, France
Henri was originally interested in drawing and
painting. He had no formal higher education and in
1931 he took his first photograph while on a year-long
trip to the Ivory Coast. Upon his return to Europe he
focused on photography. He began self-taught
photojournalism, documenting what he saw rather
than what someone else told him to see. In 1947, Henri was one of the founding
members of Magnum photo agency. He worked with a variety of publishers until
announcing his retirement in 1975 and returning to drawing.
Main Photographic Subject:
Everything was Henri's main subject. As a
photojournalist, Henri captured the world
he saw around him. His wife, Martine
Franck, has been quoted as saying, "I think
Henri had an innate intuition of what was
going on in the world and what was
important." From being in India when
Ghandi was assassinated to China when
the communists arrived to the Liberation
of Paris, Henri always seemed to be in the
right place at the right time.
Major Contributions/Best Known For:
"Behind the Gare Saint-Lazare, 1932" is
most probably Henri's best known single
print. The image is of a man trying to jump
a huge puddle. To the modern eye it looks
technically poor but for the equipment
available at the time it was excellent. Its biggest strength lies in its composition
however.
Trivia:
Was captured in WWII by the Germans
Escaped from the Germans on his 3rd attempt
Was widely believed to have been killed in WWII for a time
Returned to drawing after retiring in 197
Ansel Adams (1902-1984)
Ansel Adams is very likely the single most recognized photographer by name. A
combination of timing and location led to his fame. In the early nineteenth
century travel took much longer than today so Adams’ sweeping views of the
stunning Western United States landscapes were unprecedented views to the
vast majority of Americans.
Beginnings
Ansel Adams was born February 20, 1902 in San Francisco, California (Turnage,
n.d.). Adams parents, Charles Hitchcock Adams and Olive Bray were around forty
years old when Adams was born (very old for the times) (Turnage, n.d.). By the
time Adams was 12, he obviously did not “fit in” at school and Adams’ father took
the bold step of bringing the boy home for homeschooling (Deyo, 2002). Beyond
English literature and algebra, Adams also studied the piano and spent a full year
exploring the Panama-Pacific International Exposition which was a collection of
exhibits based around the opening of the Panama Canal (Deyo, 2002).
The Photographer Emerges
In 1916 the Adams family took a trip to Yosemite National Park during which
young Ansel was given a Kodak Brownie (Deyo, 2002). A few years later, in 1919,
Adams joined the Sierra Club which was later responsible for the his first
published works. Like many photographers today, Adams had his first published
work in a club newsletter (Turnage, n.d.). It was Sierra Club trips during which
Adams began to realize that photography instead of music was a possible career
(Turnage, n.d.). In 1932 Adams joined photographers, Willard Van Dyke, Imogen
Cunningham, Edward Weston, Henry Swift, Sonya Noskowiak, and Jon Paul
Edwards in starting the photographic group f/64 (Hostetler, 2004). This group
was dedicated to photography that looked like photography and showed the
world without glossing over bits and pieces of it (Hostetler, 2004). The name
f/64 came from the theoretical smallest aperture possible on a camera lens that
allowed for the largest depth of field to show as much of an image as possible in
sharp focus.
Body of Works
While Adams is probably best known for his images of the Sierra Nevadas and
Yosemite he had a much wider body of work. Working with Dorothea Lange,
Adams created various image sets for Time Magazine and others (Deyo, 2002).
The subjects of these images were diverse as water rights struggles to the
Mormons of Utah (Deyo, 2002). Adams also recorded the Japanese American
interment camps from World War II (zpub, n.d.).
Technical Photography
In addition to the photographs themselves, Adams contributed to the growing
field of photography in his development of the “zone system” relating to
exposure and development (Turnage, n.d.) before computerized light meters and
developing techniques. Adams was also a consultant for companies such as
Polaroid and Hasselblad (Turnage, n.d.).
Berenice Abbott
Known for: photographs of New York, portraits of notable artists including James
Joyce, promoting work of French photographer Eugene Atget
Dates: July 17, 1898 - December 9, 1991
Occupation: photographer and sculptor
About Berenice Abbott:
Berenice Abbott was born in Springfield, Ohio, in 1898, and was raised by her
mother, with little contact with her father and other siblings. She studied at Ohio
State University and then became involved in the art scene of Greenwich Village,
New York. She studied art in New York, Berlin, and Paris.
Moving to Europe in 1921 to pursue her art, she studied with Antoine Bourdelle,
Man Ray, and Eugene Atget. She worked to bring Atget's work to public attention,
in Paris and later in New York.
Berenice Abbott worked as an independent photographer in New York 19291968, including teaching from 1934-1968. As Atget had deliberately documented
the changes in the city of Paris through photography, Abbott took pictures of
New York and how it was changing in the 1930s. For a time, she was funded for
this project by the Works Project Administration.
In the 1940s and 1950s Berenice Abbott began writing about the science of
photography, as part of her concern for realism in her field. Berenice Abbott
moved to Maine in 1968.
Berenice Abbott's companion was Elizabeth McCausland, art historian and critic.
Books:
Changing New York (1939) (later published as New York in the Thirties (1973)
and Berenice Abbott: Changing New York (1998).
A Guide to Better Photography (1941, revised 1953)
The View Camera Made Simple (1948)
The World of Atget (1964)
A Portrait of Maine (1968)
Berenice Abbott also wrote many articles for magazines, especially photography
magazines.
Quotes:
Photography can never grow up if it imitates some other medium. It has to walk
alone; it has to be itself.
[about going to Paris] I thought I may as well be poor there as here.
Robert Cappa
Although he is best known for his war photographs, Robert Capa hated war and
openly made his opinion known. In an interview about his career as a
photographer he commented: “To me war is like an aging actress—more and
more dangerous and less and less photogenic." He may not have liked the
subject that he covered, but to this day he is credited with some of the greatest
wartime shots of all time.
His Early Days
Robert Capa was born in Budapest, Hungary in 1913. His birth name however
was not Robert Capa. He was born Andrei Friedmann. Times were tough in
Hungary, so he ventured to Berlin where he obtained a darkroom apprenticeship
with a Berlin photo agency. He realized early on that he enjoyed taking pictures
more than developing them, so he made a point of taking as many photographs
as he could during his time off. It was one of these shots that helped him on his
way to a career as a photographer. He took some exclusive shots of Leon Trotsky
that earned him some instant recognition.
Moving On
When Hitler gained control Andrei (Capa) decided to move on to Paris. He had
met and fallen in love with a Polish woman named Gerda Taro. He tried to make
his living as a freelance photographer, but he struggled to earn enough to
survive.
A Brilliant Deception
The two lovers decided they had to do something to increase their income so
they hatched a brilliant plan. They created a fictional American photographer
who they claimed was visiting France and they named him Robert Capa. Gerda
would be his secretary and sales representative and Andrei his darkroom
assistant. The American was not only a brilliant photographer, but he was rich
and famous, and oh so talented. Andrei took the photographs and Gerda sold
them. Credit was given to the fictional Robert Capa. She was even able to
command rates that were more than three times the going rate, explaining that
he was so rich that paying him any less would be an insult. As expected, their
secret got out, but it didn’t matter since by this time his brilliance as a
photographer had been discovered.
A Famous Photograph
The photograph which started his renowned career as a war photographer was
of a dying Spanish soldier. With his success came heartbreak when his beloved
Gerda, who accompanied him, was killed on the battlefield. With a broken heart
he needed to move on to a new location, so Capa ventured to China where he
covered the battle of Taierchwang. His photographs were again memorable and
further propelled him to fame as a top war photographer.
Moving to America
When World War II began Capa found himself in America. In 1942 he joined the
invasion convoy to North Africa as a photographer for Life Magazine. His next
stop would be Sicily, where he accompanied paratroopers and created more
magnificent images.
One of the most well known events of his life occurred when in 1944 Capa
stumbled onto Omaha Beach. With heavy gunfire around him, Capa managed to
take four rolls of film under these extremely difficult conditions. Sadly, a mishap
in Life Magazine’s London darkroom ruined all but eleven frames of film. The
remaining images were published in Life although they did not admit darkroom
error and instead represented them as slightly out of focus shots taken by Capa.
This did not discourage Capa, who continued as a war photographer seeing the
war through to its bitter end photographing the death of one of the last
Americans killed in the war.
His Foot in the Business World
Tired of photographing war he decided to turn his attention to the business
world and joined forces with Henri Cartier-Bresson, William Vandivert, David
Seymour, and George Rodger in the creation of Magnum Photos. Magnum was
the first, and is still the only, international cooperative freelance photographer
agency in the world. At this point in his career he decided to start writing, and
penned several articles. He also has four photographic books to his credit.
War Was In His Blood
Although he loved his new business venture, and spent much time promoting it,
he still found a special excitement in covering wars. So while in Japan in 1954
promoting a Magnum exhibition a call from Life Magazine sent him back into the
trenches. He headed to the Indochina front. Unfortunately this is where his luck
ran out. Still clutching his camera Robert Capa lost his life when he stepped on a
land mine on a battlefield in Indochina.
A Well Deserved Honor
A well deserved honor was bestowed upon this brave man and exceptional
photographer, when The Overseas Press Club established the Robert Capa
Award “for superlative photography requiring exceptional courage and
enterprise abroad.”
Robert Capa will forever be remembered for his incredible photographs and the
unrelenting courage he displayed to get the memorable images that will forever
live on.
Cindy Sherman
Cindy Sherman is considered one of the most respected photographers of the
twentieth century. Ironically, the majority of her photos are of herself.
The Early Years
Born in Glen Ridge New Jersey, Sherman’s family moved to Huntington, Long
Island shortly after her birth. She was the youngest of five children. Sherman
was not exposed to art or photography as a child. It wasn’t until she got a bit
older that she began to recognize her interest in the arts. Although art was not
stressed in the Sherman house, her parents were supportive of her decision to
attend art school after graduating high school. Her mother did suggest that
perhaps she should take some teaching classes to be certain she would get work.
Sherman started her study of art at the State University College at Buffalo.
A Change of Focus
Sherman began her college career focusing on painting until one day when she
just decided she didn’t want to do it anymore. She felt as if there was no more
she could do artistically and wanted another way to express herself. She felt
that she was just copying other people’s art, so she decided that she would use a
camera and spend more of her time coming up with tantalizing ideas. It was at
this point that she switched her focus to photography.
An Important Meeting
During her studies at Buffalo Sherman met fellow artist Robert Longo. She
would join with Longo and a fellow classmate Charles Clough to form Hallwalls,
an independent artists’ space where she and other artists could exhibit their
work.
Her Career Begins
After Sherman graduated from college she picked up and moved to New York
City ready to embark on her new art career. She rented a loft in lower
Manhattan. This was when she began taking photographs of herself. These
photos would come to be known as the Untitled Film Stills and would become
her most famous work.
The Untitled Film Stills
In these images Sherman placed herself in the roles of B-movie actresses. She
would dress up in wigs, dresses, and hats taking on the persona of various
characters. These would include housewife, prostitute, dancer, actress and
women experiencing various emotions. Though they were photographs of her,
they weren’t actually self portraits, since she was dressing up as other
characters. Sherman would play all of these various characters in front of her
lens.
Although unconventional Sherman’s reasons for her photos were to show how
mistreated women were in society. She was her own vehicle for her commentary
on issues of importance such as the role and representation of women in society
and the media. This is most likely why she never named the pictures or the
subject. She wanted the photos to be depersonalized and even though she posed
as the model, she only wanted to represent “every woman.” Sherman worked on
this project for three years until she ran out of clichés and moved on.
Her First Show
Sherman received much acclaim for her work and was given her first solo show
at the Kitchen in New York City. In 1981 she was commissioned by the magazine
Artform to do a centerfold, but after shooting it the final product was rejected by
the publication.
After this event Sherman decided to thoroughly change her style and find
another subject that was not quite so close to home. In her shots from 1985 to
1989 she appeared in less of her own photos. When she was in the images they
were grotesque often strewn with vomit, mold or other vile substances. She
found beauty in these images and continued experimenting with doll parts to
create these disturbing images. These photos are often referred to as the
Disasters and Fairy Tale series.
A Change of Venue
Sherman moved to Rome to work on her next project which involved placing
herself in the roles of famous paintings. She again used the help of prosthetic
body parts and dolls to augment her own body. She was surrounded by museums
and churches, but instead of visiting them for inspiration she preferred to gain
her ideas from books.
In 1992 Sherman created a new series of photographs which would shock the
critics. These are now referred to as "Sex Pictures." Sherman was completely
absent from these photos. She used prosthetic genitalia, both male and female,
taking extreme close ups. The purpose of these photos were to shock the viewer
and she managed to do so.
Her Directorial Debut
She has also found another interest in her life, motion pictures. Her directorial
debut came in 1997 with her movie, Office Killer which starred Jeanne
Tripplehorn. She managed to step in front of the camera for a cameo role in John
Waters’ 1998 movie Pecker.
Since Sherman gained recognition at an early age, her work has grown in value
over the past ten years. The average selling price for one of her photographs was
estimated in 1999 at between $20,000 to $50,000. In 1996 the Museum of
Modern Art bought a full set of this same series for one million dollars. In 1999
at a Christie’s auction one of the photos from her Film Stills collection sold for a
reported $190,000.
The California Project
In Sherman’s recent project she reverted back to using herself as a model. In this
series she disguised herself as women from California. Her series included The
Personal Trainer, the Ex-Realtor, and the Divorcee. She currently continues on
her projects while living in New York City.
The Museum of Art will show a complete retrospective of Sherman’s work from
the 1970’s on which will include over 170 photographs.
Joe Rosenthal
Born October 9, 1911 in Washington, DC
Died August 20, 2006 in Novato, CA
Rosenthal was a son of Russian immigrants in the Great Depression. After high
school Rosenthal moved to San Francisco and managed to secure a job with the
Newspaper Enterprise Association. A few years later he got work as a
photographer and reporter for the San Francisco News. By the time the United
States entered WWII, Rosenthal had moved to New York Times-Wide World
Photos as chief photographer. It was during WWII that Rosenthal secured his
place in photographic history with his image of the flag raising over Iwo Jima.
Main Photographic Subject:
War photography was Rosenthal's main subject. Although he tried to enlist with
both the Army and Navy, he was denied service due his nearsightedness.
Determined to serve his country, Rosenthal joined the U.S. Maritime Service and
photographed convoys in the Atlantic. After a year in the Maritime Service,
Rosenthal returned to the Associated Press (who had purchased New York
Times-World Wide Photos). The AP sent Rosenthal to cover battles and their
aftermaths in the Pacific area. Some of the locations he photographed were
Guam, Peleliu, and Iwo Jima.
Major Contributions/Best Known For:
Rosenthal is best known for his photograph of the flag raising at Iwo Jima. The
flag raising over Iwo Jima was captured on February 23, 1945 and depicts 4
marines lifting a large flag onto a shell-strown hilltop. The original image was in
horizontal format but was later cropped, presumably by the AP into a tighter
vertical composition. In order to capture the image, Rosenthal had to stand on a
sandbag left behind by the Japanese because he was too short to get a good angle
for the image from his viewpoint. The flag raising was actually the second flag
raised over Iwo Jima when a commander decided to use a larger flag.
Awards:
1945 Pulitzer Prize for Photography for the photograph "Flag Raising over Iwo
Jima"
Controversy:
As the photograph of the flag raising over Iwo Jima circulated more widely and
became an iconic symbol with the public of the sacrifices and bravery of the
United States Armed Forces, a few people began to wonder if the photograph
was staged. The accusation was one that would haunt Rosenthal until his death
in spite of evidence proving it was not staged by Rosenthal.
Dorethea Lang
Some of the most profound photographs from the great depression are those
which are attributed to famous American Documentary Photographer, Dorothea
Lange.
Lange was born in 1895 in Hoboken, New Jersey. She was born Dorothea
Margaretta Nutzhorn, but dropped her middle name and took on her mother’s
maiden name after her father abandoned the family. She contracted polio at the
age of 7, which left her with a permanent limp.
Lange honed her photographic skills in New York City taking courses and
working as an apprentice to several New York Photographers. In 1918 she left
New York and made her way to San Francisco where she opened her first
portrait studio. In 1920 she married the well known painter, Maynard Dixon
with whom she had two boys, Daniel and John.
When the Great depression began, Lange pointed her camera on the unemployed
and homeless creatures she came upon on the streets. Her photographs gained
the attention and respect of the Farm Security Administration, who then used
her photographs to chronicle the living conditions of families hired to work in
cotton fields and farms in Arizona and California. Her most poignant image is
known as “Migrant Mother.” The model is Florence Owens Thompson, a hungry
and desperate mother of three who was living on the street with her children.
Lange was surprised when she received no resistance from her sad subject.
Lange took five photographs of the woman, never asking her any questions about
her circumstances or how she ended up where she was. Her model offered her
age as 32, and explained that she and her children had been living on frozen
vegetables taken from surrounding fields. Her children had also captured and
killed some birds that she also used for sustenance. She had then been forced to
sell the tires off of her car to buy food. Lange theorized that the lack of resistance
to being photographed came from the fact that in some ways Thompson felt
these images might help her.
In 1935 Lange divorced Dixon and married agricultural economist Paul Schuster
Taylor, a professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley.
Together, with his knowledge of the poverty laden country, and her
photographic skills, they documented rural poverty and the exploitation of
migrant laborers for the next five years.
In 1941, Lange received a Guggenheim Fellowship for excellence in photography,
but quickly gave it up to record the forced evacuation of Japanese Americans to
relocation camps, while on assignment for the War Relocation Authority. Her
most famous images highlighted Manzanar, the first of the permanent
internment camps. This was a time in history when free speech was often
compromised, and this was the case with these images. The Army impounded
these photographs, and refused to allow her further access. Due to this
censorship, on the part of the US government, the true impact of Lange’s work
was not felt until over thirty years later. In 1972 the Whitney Museum
incorporated 27 of her photographs into an exhibit about the Japanese
internment.
In 1945, Lange became an academic when she accepted a job offered to her by
renowned photographer Ansel Adams. Lange became part of the faculty at the
first fine art photography department at the California School of Fine Arts.
In 1952, Lange co-founded the photographic magazine Aperture, but worked as a
freelancer for several other magazines including Life Magazine.
Sadly, Lange spent the last two decades of her life in poor health. She suffered
severe gastric problems, and a resurgence of the Polio that had left her limping.
On October 11, 1965 Lange died of esophageal cancer at age 70. Even after her
death Lange was not forgotten. In 2008 California Governor Arnold
Schwarzenegger, and his wife Maria Shriver, announced Lange’s induction into
the California Hall of Fame, part of The California Museum for History, Women
and the Arts.
Annie Leibovitz
Born October 2, 1949 in Westbury, CT
Annie Leibovitz was born Anna-Lou Leibovitz to Sam and Marilyn Leibovitz. As
Sam was in the Air Force the family moved often. It was during a posting to the
Philippines during the time of the Vietnam War that Annie first became involved
with photography as a hobby thanks to the base's darkroom. In 1970 Annie
contacted the founding editor of Rolling Stone, Jann Wenner, about a job. Wenner
was impressed by the portfolio Annie showed her and assigned her to
photograph John Lennon. Annie's career continued with Vanity Fair and she
continues to focus on celebrities.
Celebrity Portraiture:
Annie's first widely published photo was the January 12, 1971 cover image for
Rolling Stone. Her career has centered around celebrity portraiture for various
magazines and special projects.
Major Contributions/Best Known For:
One of Annie's best known photo is the 1981 Rolling Stone cover image of a nude
John Lennon curled around a clothed Yoko Ono. The image was taken just hours
before John Lennon was murdered on December 8, 1980. More recently Annie
has been in the news for the Miley Cyrus photograph and a lawsuit over unpaid
debt.
Controversy:
In June 2008 Annie Leibovitz photographed Miley Cyrus and her father for Vanity
fair. Leaked photos had caused a firestorm. The initial outrage was over a waistup portrait of Miley in which she appears to be topless except for a sheet she is
holding to her chest. Parents across the US objected loudly to the "sexy" image of
the star of the "Hannah Montana" television show. However, that image was
quickly sidelined when the lead photo for the article was released. The image is
of Billy Ray with Miley reclining across his lap. Again uproar ensued over
whether it was an "appropriate" image for a child and parent.
James Nachtwey
"I have been a witness, and these pictures are my testimony. The events I have
recorded should not be forgotten and must not be repeated." These meaningful
words were spoken by one of the top wartime photographers, James Nachtwey.
His Beginnings
James Nachtwey was born in Syracuse New York on March 14, 1948. Nachtwey
spent much of his youth in Massachusetts and is a graduate of Dartmouth
College, with a degree in art history and political science.
Nachtwey credits his exposure to photos taken during the Vietnam War and the
American Civil Rights movement as the reason he decided to pursue a
photographic career. Nachtwey set out to teach himself photography while
working various jobs as a Merchant Marine, assistant news editor and truck
driver. Nachtwey decided to focus on photojournalism.
His Photographic Career Begins
In 1976 Nachtwey started working as a newspaper photographer in New Mexico
at the Albuquerque Jorunal. Four years later he moved to New York to begin a
career as a freelance magazine photographer. One of his first foreign
assignments was to cover the civil strife occurring in Northern Ireland during the
IRA hunger strike. After his first taste of news photography Nachtwey decided to
dedicate his career to documenting social issues, wars and political conflicts.
This line of work lead him to numerous war torn nations including; El Salvador,
Afghanistan, Guatema, Nicaragua, Lebanon, South Korea, Rwanda and Thailand,
just to name a few.
No Family Life
Nachtwey decided early on that he would dedicate his life to his work. This
meant that there would be no marriage or family, since he knew his career was a
dangerous one and wanted to be able to dedicate all of his energy to covering
wars without a pull from a family waiting at home for his safe return. Nachtwey
also felt that he could not live the contradiction of photographing a starving child
and then returning home to a healthy well fed child of his own.
As a result of his dedication, there are few historical events which took place in
the past thirty years that Nachtwey has not been present to chronicle through
his photographs. He was in New York on September 11, 2001 during the attacks
on the World Trade Center and is noted for some of the most recognizable
photos that came out of this tragic event.
His Honors
His awards are almost too numerous to list, including winning Magazine
Photographer of the Year for seven years, The Robert Capa Gold Medal, The
Alfred Eisenstaedt Award, The Canon Photo Essayist award, and the W. Eugene
Smith Memorial Grant in Humanistic Photography. He also holds the distinction
of being a Fellow of the Royal Photographic Society and has an honorary
doctorate of fine arts from the Massachusetts College of art. These are not even a
complete list of the awards he has received for his prestigious career in
photojournalism.
A Life Threatening Injury
Photography of this type has always been dangerous, and Nachtwey has received
numerous injuries during his career. His most serious one occurred during his
extensive coverage of the US invasion of Iraq. This is where he received his first
combat related injury. He and Time Correspondent Michael Weisskopf were
riding in the back of a humvee with the US Army “Tomb Raiders” Survey Platoon
when an insurgent threw a grenade into the vehicle. Weisskopf took swift action
grabbing the grenade and attempting to throw it out of the Humvee.
Unfortunately, before he completed the action the grenade exploded in his hand
injuring two soldiers and the two Times correspondents. In his inexorable spirit
Nachtwey managed to take several photographs of medic Billie Grimes treating
Weisskopf before passing out himself. Both Times correspondents were airlifted
to Germany and then to U.S. hospitals. Nachtwey managed to recover sufficiently
to return overseas to document the tsunami in Southeast Asia.
His Work Continues
In 1999 Nachtwey published his book, Inferno, which included 382 photographs
made during the past decade. This is Nachtwey’s record of the terrible costs of
20th century conflict and disaster all crammed into 480 pages.
In 2001, a documentary entitled War Photographer was released which
highlighted Nachtwey and his career as a war photographer. This documentary
received an Academy Award nomination for best documentary film.
In 2007 Nachtwey was one of three winners of the TED prize, receiving $100,000
and “one world changing wish.” Results of this work include coverage of the
problem of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, a disease caused by bacteria
that are resistant to the most effective anti-TB drugs. This disease afflicts one in
three people in the world and Nachtwey took up the cause to inform the world of
this terrible affliction.
This is not the only life threatening disease that Nachtwey has taken up as a
cause. In 2008, he exhibited a series of original photographs at Le Laboratoire in
Paris, France. The show was entitled “Struggle for Life,” which documented the
human toll of TB and AIDS. The text that accompanied the exhibit was by Dr.
Anne Goldfield with whom he began working in Cambodia in 2003. The exhibit
included photos taken in Thailand, Africa and Siberia.
The Anti-war Wartime Photographer
Although James Nachtwey has spent most of his career photographing war he
considers himself an anti-war photographer. Living in the midst of wars and
natural disasters has taken its toll on Nachtwey. Nevertheless, he continues
working because of his strong belief that his photographs can make a difference.
Nachtwey, convinced of the effect his pictures have on viewers, has never
stopped hoping to fight the horrors of war, hunger and poverty through his
work.