Psychology Exam Study Guide Modules 7 & 8 Definitions (C2) Five of the following eight terms will appear on the exam: Rooting reflex Habituation Schema Object permanence Conservation Stranger anxiety Basic trust Self-concept Questions: 1) Describe in as much detail as possible Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development. (C1, C2,) 2) Mrs. Karina spends a lot of time stroking, cuddling, and rocking her infant son and seems to be highly aware of the baby's actions and needs. Mr. Karina worries that his wife's interactions with the baby may eventually lead the child to (a) cry easily when frustrated, (b) fearfully cling to his mother, (c) become unfriendly toward other people, and (d) become withdrawn and uninterested in his surroundings. Describe research on social development that supports or refutes each of the father's concerns. (C1, C3) 3) Mr. and Mrs. McDonald believe in the importance of stern discipline; they impose strict rules which they expect their children to obey without question. They penalize misbehavior harshly, frequently with a spanking. Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds use milder forms of punishment to enforce their rules. They also have regular family meetings in which their children help them to establish household rules and penalties for breaking them. What do you see as the advantages and disadvantages of these two disciplinary approaches? Explain the reasons for your answer. (C1, C3) Module 9 Definitions (C2) Three of the following four terms will appear on the exam: Adolescence Moral feeling Identity Intimacy Questions: 1) Describe the three major stages in Kohlberg’s moral ladder. (C1, C2) 2) In your opinion is morality a product of reason or intuition? Provide evidence to justify your answer. (C1, C3) 3) Thirteen-year-old Philip has begun to challenge many of his parents' values and to express his own set of highly idealistic standards. Compare and contrast the explanations for Philip's behavior that would be given by Kohlberg and by Erikson. (C1, C3) Module 10 Definitions (C2) Four of the following six terms will appear on the exam: Menopause Cross-sectional study Longitudinal study Crystallized intelligence Fluid intelligence Social Clock Questions: 1) In what ways do memory and intelligence change as we age? (C1, C3) 2) What has the study of psychology revealed about the extent to which our personalities are stable and/or changing? (C1, C3) 3) As Joan begins experiencing symptoms of menopause, she worries about the loss of (a) health and vitality, (b) intellectual capacity, and (c) life satisfaction. Describe research that would serve to justify or minimize each of Brianna's concerns. (C1, C3)