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SECTION 03 30 00 - CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01
A.
1.02
A.
RELATED DOCUMENTS
Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General
and Supplementary Conditions and Division 1 Specification Sections,
apply to this Section.
SECTION SUMMARY
This Section includes concrete for various applications and related
accessories:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
1.03
Concrete formwork, including cylinder forms for downspout
enclosures at Atrium.
Concrete reinforcement.
Concrete slabs on grade.
Expansion and Control Joints.
Suspended structural concrete floor slabs.
Concrete foundations and footings.
Concrete fill in metal deck supported slabs, steel pan stairs,
and landings.
Concrete sidewalks and paving; iron oxide stain.
Concrete paving.
Exposed aggregate concrete, paving and sidewalks.
Concrete basin for fountain.
Install inserts and sleeves to be built-in.
Underslab vapor barrier.
Admixtures for concrete.
Concrete curing. Interior and exterior concrete.
Grout for leveling plates for steel columns and base plates
for steel.
Design of concrete mixes required on project.
Concrete repairs for existing floors, columns, beams and
walls.
Self-leveling concrete to repair any irregular floor surfaces.
Concrete Dressing for existing concrete and masonry walls
exposed during construction.
Quality control testing of design mix.
Concrete stain.
Integral color.
Grinding and polishing of concrete floors.
Waterstops.
Strengthening and repairing existing concrete with carbon
fiber fabric and/or carbon fiber plates applied with epoxy.
DEFINITIONS
A.
Cementitious
Materials:
Portland
cement
alone
or
in
combination with one or more of the following: blended
hydraulic
cement,
fly
ash
and
other
pozzolans,
ground
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granulated blast-furnace slag,
compliance with requirements.
1.04
A.
silica
fume;
subject
to
RELATED SECTIONS
Related Sections include the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.05
and
Section 03 01 00 – Concrete Restoration.
Section 03 15 00 – Concrete Expansion Joints.
Section 31 20 00 - Earthwork; Porous Fill; Engineered Fill
Requirements.
Section 32 12 16 - Asphalt Paving; Geotextile Fabric.
Section 07 10 00 - Waterproof Membrane.
Section 07 92 00 - Joint Sealers.
Division 23 – Radiant heat in concrete slab at Atrium.
SUBMITTALS
A.
Product Data: Submit manufacturer's product data with application
and installation instructions for proprietary materials and items,
including forming accessories, admixtures, joint systems,
waterstops, curing compounds, and others.
B.
Design Mixes: Provide for each concrete mix. Include alternate mix
designs when characteristics of materials, project conditions,
weather, test results, or other circumstances warrant adjustments.
1.
Indicate amounts of mixing
addition at Project site.
water
to
be
withheld
for
later
C.
Shop Drawings: Submit shop drawings for fabrication, bending and
placement of concrete reinforcement. Comply with ACI publication
ACI 315 "Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement", showing
bar schedules, stirrup spacing, diagrams of bent bars, arrangement
of concrete reinforcement. Include special reinforcement required
around openings through concrete structures.
D.
Material Certificates: Provide materials certificates in lieu of
materials laboratory test reports when permitted by Architect.
Material certificates shall be signed by manufacturer and
Contractor, certifying that each material item complies with, or
exceeds, specified requirements. Include ASTM Certifications and
chloride contents.
1.06
A.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Regulatory Requirements: Concrete shall comply with applicable
provisions of the following standards, latest edition which are
hereby made, by reference, a part of this Specification.
1.
ACI 117 – Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete
Construction and Materials.
2.
ACI 211.1 - Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for
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Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete; American Concrete
Institute International; 1991 (Reapproved 1997).
3.
ACI 301 - Specifications for Structural Concrete for
Buildings; American Concrete Institute International; 1999.
4.
ACI 304R - Guide for Measuring; Mixing, Transporting, and
Placing Concrete; American Concrete Institute International;
1989 (Reapproved 1997).
5.
ACI 305R-00 - Hot Weather Concreting, American Concrete
Institute, 1999.
6.
ACI 306R - Cold Weather Concreting; American Concrete
Institute International; 1988.
7.
ASTM A 185 - Standard Specification for Welded Steel Wire
Fabric, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement; 1997.
8.
ASTM A 615/A 615M - Standard Specification for Deformed and
Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement; 2001.
9.
ASTM C 33 - Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates;
2001.
10.
ASTM C 39/C 39M - Standard Test Method for Compressive
Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens; 2001.
11.
ASTM C 94/C 94M - Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed
Concrete; 2000.
12.
ASTM C 150 - Standard Specification for Portland Cement; 2000.
13.
ASTM C 260 - Standard Specification for Air-Entraining
Admixtures for Concrete; 2000.
14.
ASTM C 309 - Standard Specification for Liquid MembraneForming Compounds for Curing Concrete; 1998a.
15.
ASTM C 494/C 494M - Standard Specification for Chemical
Admixtures for Concrete; 1999a.
16.
ASTM C 618 - Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw
or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as Mineral Admixture in
Concrete; 2000.
17.
CRSI MSP-1-01 - Manual of Standard Practice, March 2001.
18.
CRSI - Reinforcement Anchorage and Splices 4th Ed. 1007,
Second Printing 2002.
19.
ACI 404.2R-02 - Guide for the Design and Construction of
Externally Bended FRP System for Strengthening Concrete
Structure.
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20.
ACI 336.1-01 - American Concrete Institute 2002 Specification
for the Construction of Drilled Peirs.
21.
Additional ASTM and ACI Specification references as shown
throughout this Section of the Specifications.
22.
The above referenced standards shall be available at the
project site.
B. Installer Qualifications:
A qualified installer who employs on
Project personnel qualified as ACI-certified Flatwork Technician and
Finisher and a supervisor who is an ACI-certified Concrete Flatwork
Technician.
C. Manufacturer Qualifications:
A firm experienced in manufacturing
ready-mixed concrete products and that complies with ASTM C 94/C 94M
requirements for production facilities and equipment.
1.
D.
D.
Concrete Testing Service: Owner will engage a testing
laboratory, acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction,
qualified according to ASTM C1077 and ASTM E329 to perform material
evaluation tests according to ASTM E548 and to design concrete
mixes.
1.
Personnel conducting field tests shall be qualified as ACI
Concrete Field Testing Technician, Grade 1 according to ACI
CP-1 or an equivalent certification program.
2.
Personnel performing laboratory tests shall be ACI-certified
Concrete Strength Testing Technician and Concrete Laboratory
Testing Technician - Grade I.
Testing Agency laboratory
supervisor shall be an ACI-certified Concrete Laboratory
Testing Technician - Grade II.
Mock-Ups: Provide samples of all specified finishes for
Architect's approval prior to installation of concrete.
1.
2.
3.
E.
Manufacturer certified according to NRMCA's "Certification of
Ready Mixed Concrete Production Facilities."
Samples shall be 36 inch x 36 inch(900 x 900mm) with 1 joint,
poured and finished. Apply specified exterior concrete
surface treatments to half of each sample, including iron
oxide stain. Polish concrete. Multiple mock-ups for iron oxide
stain appearance and polished concrete, minimum of three.
Provide 8’ by 8’ mock-ups of polished concrete with different
aggregates and integral color in concrete. Multiple mock-ups,
minimum of three.
Retain approved mock-ups during construction as standard for
judging completed concrete work.
Samples:
1.
Provide samples of exposed aggregate for exposed aggregate
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concrete.
a.
2.
F.
Size and color as selected by Architect.
Aggregate to be granite or limestone river-worn pebbles,
1/4 inch (6mm) minimum and maximum 1/2 inch (12mm)
diameter size.
Provide Samples of special aggregates for colored concrete.
Performances: Failure of concrete topping to bond to substrate (as
evidenced by a hollow sound when tapped), or disintegration of
other failure of topping to perform as a floor finish, will be
considered failure of materials and workmanship. Repair or replace
toppings in areas of such failures, as directed.
G.
Welding:
Qualify procedures and personnel according to AWS D1.4,
"Structural Welding Code--Reinforcing Steel."
H.
Installation of RFP strengthening system shall be monitored by the
testing agency. Prior to installation of FRP strengthening adhesive
bond tests shall be performed with FRP strengthening until
satisfactory result is obtained from the bond tests.
1.07
DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
A.
Deliver, store and handle steel reinforcement to prevent bending
and damage.
B.
Avoid damaging coatings on steel reinforcement. Repair damaged
epoxy coatings on steel reinforcement according to ASTM D3963.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.01
FORM MATERIALS
A.
Forms for Unexposed Finish Concrete: Form concrete surfaces which
will be unexposed in finished structure with plywood, lumber, metal
or other acceptable material. Provide lumber dressed on at least
two edges and one side for tight fit.
B.
Form Coatings: Provide commercial formulation water base , no
V.O.C. form-coating compounds that will not bond with, stain nor
adversely affect concrete surfaces, and will not impair subsequent
treatments of concrete surfaces. Vegetable-based release agent.
C.
Forms for Cylindrical foundations, downspout enclosures at Atrium:
glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, paper, or fiber tubes that will
produce surfaces with gradual or abrupt irregularities not
exceeding specified formwork surface class.
Provide units with
sufficient wall thickness to resist plastic concrete loads without
detrimental deformation.
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2.02
A.
REINFORCING MATERIALS
Reinforcing Bars:
1.
ASTM A 615/A615M, Grade 60, Deformed.
Galvanized reinforcing bars: ASTM A767/A7675M, Class I in all
exterior curbs.
B.
Epoxy-coated reinforcing bars:
Nosing Bar.
C.
Welded Wire Fabric:
sheets, unfinished.
1.
D.
ASTM A775/A 775M; Exterior Stair
ASTM A 185, welded steel wire fabric, in flat
Welded Wire Fabric: ASTM A 185, galvanized welded steel wire
fabric in all exterior sidewalk locations.
Supports for Reinforcement: Provide supports for reinforcement
including bolsters, chairs, spacers and other devices for spacing,
supporting and fastening reinforcing bars and welded wire fabric in
place. Use wire bar type supports complying with CRSI's "Manual of
Standard Practice", unless otherwise acceptable.
1.
For slabs on grade, use supports with sand plates or
horizontal runners where base material will not support chair
legs.
E.
Epoxy Repair Coating:
Liquid, two-part, epoxy repair coating;
compatible with epoxy coating on reinforcement and complying with
ASTM A 775/A 775M.
F.
Zinc Repair Material:
ASTM A 780,
containing zinc dust, or sprayed zinc.
G.
Carbon fiber plates and/or fabric. Carbedor Plate by Sika and/or
Sika wrap fabric, applied to substrate using Sikadur 30 Adhesive
All as manufactured by Sika Corp, 201 Polito Avenue, Lyndhurst, NJ
07071
2.03
A.
solder,
paint
CONCRETE MATERIALS
Portland Cement: ASTM C 150, Type I, (Gray)(White) unless
otherwise noted. Concrete exposed to view shall be from same mill.
1.
B.
zinc-based
Type II or Type V Sulfate resistant cement (if sulfate is
encountered) for foundations, footings, retaining walls, and
other concrete below grade. Otherwise, use Type I cement.
(ADD#5)
Normal Weight Aggregates: ASTM C 33, Class (3s)(3m)(1n) coarse
aggregate uniformly graded and as herein specified. Provide
aggregate from a single source.
1.
Maximum Size:
3/4 inch(20mm)
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C.
Water:
D.
Air Entraining Admixtures: ASTM C260, certified by manufacturer to
be compatible with other required admixtures.
E.
Water-reducing admixtures: ASTM C494/C 494M, Types A-D.(Select
appropriate type)
F.
1.
Type A: water-reducing admixture.
2.
Type B. high-range, water-reducing admixture.
3.
Type C. water-reducing and accelerating admixture.
4.
Type D. water-retarding and retarding admixture.
Pozzolan Admixture: Fly ash from coal fired power plants, ASTM
C618, Class C or F.
1.
2.
G.
Potable and complying with ASTM C94/C 94M.
Pozzolan Content: 15 percent of weight of cement within
concrete mix.
Ground granulated blast-furnace slag – ASTM C 989, Grade 100
or 120.
Admixtures:
Admixtures for increasing the plasticity, workability
of concrete may be used, provided the specified minimum cement
content is maintained and approval of use of admixture is obtained
from Architect, and at no additional cost to Owner.
1.
Prohibited Admixtures: Calcium chloride, thiocyanates or
admixtures containing more than 1 percent water soluble
chloride ions, by weight of the admixture, are not permitted.
H.
Concrete stain: iron oxide residue supplied by the Owner.
multiple mock-ups to determine appearance.
I.
Color Admixture (Integral Color for Concrete).
1.
Provide
Manufacturers
a.
Bayer
Corporation,
Pittsburgh,
PA
www.bayerus.com
412-777-2000.
b. ChemMasters,
Madison,
OH,
www.chemmasters.com
(800)-486-7866.
c. Conspec Marketing & Manuf.Co., Inc.; a Dayton Superior Co.
Dayton, OH, www.daytonsuperior.com (888)-977-9600.
d. Davis Colors, Los Angeles, CA
www.daviscolors.com
(800)-356-4848 .
2.
Dry color pigments or liquid dispersed color pigments Contractor's option.
a.
b.
Composition/Materials: Blends of synthetic and naturally
occurring iron and mineral oxides stable and inert to
atmospheric conditions and resistant to UV, alkali and
most acids. Comply with ASTM C 979.
Colors: Architect shall select colors from full range of
available colors, including custom colors.
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J.
Concrete stain to be used in conjunction with grinding and
polishing system for concrete floors
1.
2.
K.
Rockerz Inc. manufacturer’s standard stain to be used with
Glosscrete polishing system 1-888-935-4950.
Kemiko concrete floor stain 903-587-3708 to be used with FGS
Permashine system.
Polishing system for grinding and polishing concrete floors:
1.
2.
3.
Rockerz Inc. Glosscrete polishing system 1-888-935-4950.
FGS Permashine; 800-362-3311.
Questmark Flooring, 800-743-8890.
L.
Aggregates for polished concrete floors: locally produced
aggregates, basalt, granite, quartz or limestone, as selected by
Architect, 3/8” to ½” in size, angular shape.
M.
Waterproofing Admixture:
1.
Manufacturers
2.
a.
The Euclid Chemical Company:
"EUCO Integral Waterpeller"
Cleveland, OH, www.euclidchemical.com (800)-321-7628.
b.
BASF Admixtures, Inc.:
"RHEOMIX 235" water repellant,
Cleveland OH, www.basf-admixtures.com (800)-628-9990.
Waterproofing Admixture added to standard mix design
specified.
a.
N.
Waterproofing Admixture Content: 8 fl. oz. per 100 lb.
of cement, unless otherwise recommended by manufacturer.
Surface Retarder (Exposed Aggregate Concrete)
1.
Manufacturers:
a. Euclid Chemical; Surface Retarder "S" Cleveland, OH,
www.euclidchemical.com (800)-321-7628.
2.
Retarder to delay the concrete surface core to permit removal
of cement skin to expose the aggregate.
Removal of 1/8 inch to 1/4 inch(3-6mm) of concrete surface.
3.
O.
for concrete deck over Vestibule 132.
Pozzolan Admixture: Fly ash from coal fired power plants, ASTM
C618, Class C or F.
1.
Pozzolan Content: 15 percent of weight of cement within
concrete mix.
2.
Ground granulated blast-furnace slag – ASTM C 989, Grade 100
or 120. (ADD#6)
2.04
RELATED MATERIALS
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A.
Underslab Moisture Barrier: Provide moisture barrier cover over
prepared aggregate base material for all interior concrete slabs on
grade. Use only materials which are resistant to decay when tested
in accordance with ASTM E154.
1.
Manufacturers:
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
3.
4.
C.
Fortifiber Corporation; “Moistop Plus”,
www.fortifiber.com (800)-773-4777.
Raven Industries Inc.; “Dura Skrim 8” www.rufco.com
(800)-635-3456.
Reef Industries, Inc. "Griffolyn T-85", Houston, TX,
www.reefindustries.com (800)-231-6074.
Stego Industries, LLC; “Stego Wrap, 10 mils”, San Juan
Capistrano, CA, www.stegoindustries.com (949)-493-5460.
Material shall be a 10 mil 5-ply high density polyethylene and
nylon yarn laminate complying with ASTM E 1745 Class B.
Material shall have a reinforced non-woven grid with a PPT
tear strength of at least 23.0 lbs(10.4kg). (Test method ASTM
D 2582), sizes as required; minimum 20 foot(6m) wide rolls.
Permeance (Perms): 0.059
Tape: Black; double-sided asphaltic pressure sensitive tape
as recommended by moisture barrier manufacturer. Minimum 1.5
inches(38mm) x 100 ft.(30.5m) rolls x 35 mil thickness.
Non-shrink Grout: Non-metallic Shrinkage-Resistant Grout under
column and beam bearing plates.
1.
Manufacturers:
a. BASF Admixtures, Inc.; “Masterflow 713 Plus”, Cleveland OH,
www.basf-admixtures.com (800)-628-9990.
b.
Euclid Chemical Co., “Euco N-S”; Cleveland, OH,
www.euclidchemical.com (800)-321-7628.
c.
L&M Construction Chemicals, Inc., “Duragrout”; Omaha,
NE, www.lmcc.com (800)-362-3331.
2.
D.
Moisture-Retaining Cover:
1.
E.
Pre-mixed, non-metallic, non-corrosive, non-staining product
containing selected silica sands, portland cement, shrinkage
compensating agents, plasticizing and water reducing agents,
complying with ASTM C 1107, and CE-CRD-621. Grout shall have a
minimum compressive strength of 5,000 psi after 7 days.
Comply with ASTM C 171.
Concrete curing blanket shall be 10 oz. burlap combined with a
4 mil white opaque polyethylene film extruded into the burlap.
Expansion Joint Fillers: Premoulded bituminous impregnated
fiberboard, 3/8 inch(9mm) thick (unless otherwise noted on
drawings), ASTM D 1751. Refer to Section 07 92 00 - Joint Sealers
for traffic sealant.
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F.
Porous Fill:
G.
Waterstops: Bentonite clay compressible strip.
1.
Manufacturers:
a.
b.
C.
2.
H.
Greenstreak "Swellstop", 1-800-325-9504.
Fosrocuk "Supercast SW", 1-204-489-6300.
Volclay "Waterstop R" by Cetco Building Materials, 1-800529-9348.
Waterstops shall be capable of being welded at corners and
other junctions in the waterstop.
Interior Concrete Floor Surface Treatment
1.
Dry-Shake Hardener:
a.
2)
3)
b.
2.
Mechanical Room floors only.
Manufacturers:
1)
BASF Admixtures, Inc.; Mastercon”, Cleveland
www.basf-admixtures.com (800)-628-9990.
Euclid Chemical Co. "Surflex", Cleveland, OH,
www.euclidchemical.com (800)-321-7628.
Sonneborn - Contech "Harcol", Mahwah, NJ,
www.sonneborn.com 201-760-2940.
OH,
Colored Wear-Resistant Finish: Packaged, dry,
combination of materials, consisting of portland cement,
graded quartz aggregate, coloring pigments, and
plasticizing admixture. Use coloring pigments that are
finely ground, non-fading mineral oxides, interground
with cement. Color as selected by Architect. From full
range of available colors.
Sealer: ASTM C 309 Waterborne transparent sealing and
dustproofing compound; Type 1, Class B 18 to 25% solids,
nondissipating, certified by manufacturer not to interfere
with bonding of floor covering.
a.
Manufacturers:
1.
2.
3.
I.
Refer to Specification Section 31 20 00 - Earthwork.
Euclid Chemical Company "Diamond Clear VOX",
Cleveland, OH, www.euclidchemical.com
(800)-321-7628.
Sonneborn Building Products "Kure-N-Seal", Mahwah,
NJ, www.sonneborn.com 201-760-2940.
W.R. Meadows; “VO Comp-20”, Hampshire, IL,
www.wrmeadows.com (800)-342-5976.
Exterior Concrete Penetrating Sealer: ASTM C 1315, Type 1, Class A.
1.
Manufacturers:
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a.
b.
c.
2.
Euclid Chemical Company "Super Diamond Clear", Cleveland,
OH, www.euclidchemical.com
(800)-321-7628.
Sonneborn “Kure-N-Seal”, Mahwah, NJ, www.sonneborn.com
201-760-2940.
W.R. Meadows; “CS-309/30", Hampshire, IL,
www.wrmeadows.com (800)-342-5976.
Material
a.
b.
c.
Clear liquid penetrating sealer.
Sealer shall penetrate into concrete surfaces, providing
surface and subsurface protection against attack of water
and water borne salts and alkalis.
The protective concrete sealer, after finished
application, shall not darken, stain or discolor the
treated concrete. Application of the sealer shall not
alter the surface or form a film or coating on the treated
concrete surface, and shall be compatible with caulking
and surface finish materials.
J.
Epoxy Joint Filler: For filling interior control joint voids, twocomponent, semi-rigid, 100 percent solids, epoxy resin with a Shore
A hardness of 80 per ASTM D2240.
1.
Manufacturers:
a. Euclid Chemical Company "Euco Epoxy" 700, Cleveland, OH,
www.euclidchemical.com
(800)-321-7628.
b. Sika Chemical Corp. "Sikadur" 51 NS/Sl”, Lynhurst, NJ,
www.sikaUSA.com (800)-933-SIKA.
K.
Bonding Compound:
to moisture.
L.
2.05
A.
Polyvinyl Acetate (interior only); not subjected
1.
Euclid Chemical Company "Euco Weld", Cleveland, OH,
www.euclidchemical.com
(800)-321-7628.
2.
Larsen Products Corp. "Weldcrete", Jessep, MD
www.larsenproducts.com (800)-633-6668.
Epoxy Adhesive: ASTM C 881, two component material suitable for
use on dry or damp surfaces. Provide material "type", "Grade", and
"Class" to suit project requirements.
1.
Euclid Chemical Company "Euco epoxy 452 or 620", Cleveland,
OH, www.euclidchemical.com
(800)-321-7628.
2.
Sika chemical Corp. "Sikadur Hi-Mod", Lynhurst, NJ,
www.sikaUSA.com (800)-933-SIKA also Sikadur 30 for adhering
Corbos fiber reinforcing to strengthening existing concrete
structures.
3.
W. R. Grace "Thiopoxy", Cambridge, MA,
www.graceconstruction.com (866)-333-3726.
CONCRETE REPAIR MATERIALS FOR FLOORS
Water:
Potable and complying with ASTM C94.
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B.
Aggregate: ASTM C33.
repair manufacturer.
C.
Concrete Repair: ASTM C150, non-shrink, cement base material, mixed
with aggregate where required.
1.
2.
3.
D.
Sand aggregate as approved by concrete
Ardex, Inc. "SD-F Feather Finish", Aliquippa, PA,
www.ardex.com (724)-203-5000.
Ardex, Inc. "SD-P concrete patch", Aliquippa, PA,
www.ardex.com (724)-203-5000.
Thickness of repair may vary according to field conditions.
Self-Leveling Concrete: ASTM C150, self-leveling
concrete.
1.
underlayment
Ardex, Inc. "ARDEX K15", Aliquippa, PA, www.ardex.com
203-5000.
(724)-
2.
2.06
Thickness of application may vary according to field
conditions.
CONCRETE DRESSING MATERIALS FOR WALLS EXPOSED DURING CONSTRUCTION
A.
Water:
B.
Concrete Dressing (topcoat): ASTM C150, non-shrink, cement base
material.
1.
Ardex, Inc. “ARDEX OVP”,(ADD#2) Aliquippa, PA www.ardex.com
(724)-203-5000.
2.
Thickness of application may vary according to field
conditions, it generally varies from 1/16” to ½”. (ADD#2)
2.06
Potable and complying with ASTM C94.
PRECAST CONCRETE LINTELS AND SILLS
A.
See size and profile on drawings.
B.
Comply with Recommended Practices and Procedures of Prestressed
Concrete Institute (PCI) MNL-116 "For Structural Units" and MNL-117
for architectural exposed units.
C.
Concrete materials similar to cast-in-place concrete as follows:
1.
Produce standard-weight concrete consisting of portland cement
aggregates, and water to produce precast concrete with
compressive strength of 5000 psi at 28 days.
2.07
A.
PROPORTIONING AND DESIGN OF MIXES
Prepare design mixes for each type and strength of concrete by
either laboratory trial batch or field experience methods as
specified in ACI 301. If trial batch method used, use an
independent testing facility acceptable to Architect for preparing
and reporting proposed mix designs. The testing facility shall not
be the same as that used for field quality control testing, unless
otherwise acceptable to Architect.
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B.
Submit written reports to Architect and Owner of each proposed mix
for each class of concrete at least 15 days prior to start of work.
Do not begin concrete production until mixes have been reviewed by
Architect.
C.
Design mixes to provide normal weight concrete with the following
properties, unless otherwise indicated on drawings.
Req'd 28 day
Compressive
Strength
Location
1. Footings,
Underpinning, Drilled
Pier Foundations
Air
Content
0.46
None
2. Piers, walls, beams, columns, (ADD#1)
grade beams, pier caps and other
concrete below grade
4000(27.6MPa)
0.44
None *
3. Structural slabs
4000(27.6MPa)
0.44
None *
4. Interior slabs on grade.
3000(20.7MPa)
0.58
None *
5. Suspended slabs.
(slabs on metal deck)
4000(20.7MPa)
0.46
None *
6. Concrete topping
3500(24.1MPa)
0.51
None *
7. Concrete subject to freezing
and thawing (including
sidewalks, curbs, paving)
4000(27.6MPa)
0.45
8. Columns
5000(34.5MPa)
0.44
*
(ADD#1)
3000(20.7MPa)
(ADD#1)
Maximum Water
Cement Ratio
4.5%-7.5%
None *
If concrete will be exposed to freezing and thawing cycles, furnish 4.5 - 7.5.%
air content in concrete; maximum water cement ratio shall be 0.45.
D.
Adjustment to Concrete Mixes: Mix design adjustments may be
required by Contractor when characteristics of materials, job
conditions, weather, test results, or other circumstances warrant;
at no additional cost to Owner and as reviewed by Architect.
Laboratory test data for revised mix design and strength results
must be submitted to and accepted by Architect before using in
work.
E.
Admixtures
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1.
2.
5.
F.
2.
3.
4.
A.
Sidewalks, stairs, ramps and sloping surfaces: Not more than
3 inches(75mm).
Reinforced foundation systems: Not less than 2 inches(50mm)
and not more than 4 inches(100mm).
Slab-on-grade and supported slabs, 3 inch(75mm) slump + 1
inch(25mm).
Concrete containing high-range water reducing admixture
(superplasticizer): Not more than 8 inches(200mm) after
adding admixture to site-verified 2 to 3 inch(50-75mm) slump
concrete.
CONCRETE MIXES
Job-Site Mixing: ASTM C 94/C 94M. Mix materials for concrete in
appropriate drum type batch machine mixer. For mixers of one
cu.yd. or smaller capacity, continue mixing at least 1-1/2 minutes,
but not more than 5 minutes after ingredients are in mixer, before
any part of batch is released. For mixers of capacity larger than
one cu. yd., increase minimum 1-1/2 minutes of mixing time by 15
seconds for each additional cu. yd., or fraction thereof.
1.
B.
Pozzolan admixture required for concrete in foundations and
footings.
Slump Limits: Proportion and design mixes to result in concrete
slump at point of placement as follows:
1.
2.08
Air Entraining Admixture: Use air-entraining admixture in
exterior exposed concrete, unless otherwise indicated. Add
air-entraining admixture at manufacturer's prescribed rate to
result in concrete at point of placement having air content
within the specified limits. Do not use air entrainment in
trowel-finished interior floors and suspended slabs.
Use admixtures for water-reducing and set-control in strict
compliance with manufacturer's directions.
a.
Use water-reducing admixture or high-range water-reducing
admixture (superplasticizer) in concrete, as required for
placement and workability.
b.
Use water-reducing and retarding admixture when required
by high temperatures, low humidity, or other adverse
placement conditions.
Provide batch ticket for each batch discharged and used in
work, indicating project identification name and number, date,
mix type, mix time, quantity, and amount of water introduced.
Ready-Mix Concrete: Measure, batch, mix and deliver to site
according to ASTM C94/C 94M.
1.
2.
Delete references for allowing additional water to be added to
batch for material with insufficient slump. Addition of water
to the batch will not be permitted.
During hot weather, or under conditions contributing to rapid
setting of concrete, a shorter mixing time than specified in
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3.
4.
ASTM C 94 may be required.
When air temperature is between 85 degrees F and 90 degrees F,
(30-32°C)reduce mixing and delivery time to 75 minutes, when
air temperature is above 90 deg F(32degC), reduce mixing and
delivery time to 60 minutes.
Concrete mixes for pumping which require modifications to
these specifications shall be submitted to the Architect for
approval.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01
FORMS
A.
Design, erect, support, brace and maintain formwork according to
ACI 301 to support vertical and integral loads that might be
applied until such loads can be supported by concrete structure.
Construct formwork so concrete members and structures are of
correct size, shape, alignment, elevation and position. Maintain
formwork construction tolerances complying with ACI 117.
B.
Design formwork to be readily removable without impact, shock or
damage to cast-in-place concrete surfaces and adjacent materials.
C.
Construct forms to sizes, shapes, lines and dimensions shown, and
to obtain accurate alignment, location, grades, level and plumb
work in finished structures.
Provide for openings, offsets,
sinkages, keyways, recesses, chamfers, blocking, anchorages and
inserts, and other features required in work.
Use selected
materials to obtain required finishes.
Solidly butt joints and
provide back-up at joints to prevent leakage of cement paste. Do
not use rust-stained steel form-facing material.
D.
Fabricate forms for easy removal without
against concrete surfaces. Provide crush or
stripping may damage cast concrete surfaces.
inclined surfaces steeper than 1.5 horizontal
E.
Provisions for Other Trades: Provide openings in concrete formwork
to accommodate work of other trades. Coordinate with work of other
sections in forming and placing openings, slots, reglets, recesses,
bolts, anchors, inserts and other components of other work.
Determine size and location of openings, recesses and chases from
trades providing such items. Accurately place and securely support
items built into forms.
F.
Chamfer exposed corners and edges, using wood, metal, PVC, or
rubber chamfer strips fabricated to produce uniform, smooth lines
and tight edge joints.
G.
Construct forms tight enough to prevent loss of concrete mortar.
H.
Clean forms and adjacent surfaces to receive concrete.
Remove
chips, wood, sawdust, dirt, and other debris just before placing
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wrecking plates where
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concrete. Retighten forms and bracing before placing concrete, as
required, to prevent mortar leaks and maintain proper alignment.
I.
3.02
Coat contact surfaces of forms with form-release agent, according
to
manufacturer's
written
instructions,
before
placing
reinforcement.
EMBEDDED ITEMS
A.
Place and secure anchorage devices and other embedded items
required for adjoining work that is attached to or supported by
cast-in-place concrete. Use setting drawings, templates, diagrams,
instructions, and directions furnished with items to be embedded.
B.
Install anchor rods, accurately located, to elevations required and
complying with tolerances in Section 7.5 of AISC's "Code of
Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges."
3.03
UNDER SLAB MOISTURE BARRIER
A.
Following levelling and tamping of granular base for slabs on
grade, place vapor retarder sheeting with longest dimension
parallel with direction of pour.
B.
Lap joints 6 inches and seal with appropriate tape.
3.04
PLACING REINFORCEMENT
A.
Comply with Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute's recommended
practice for "Placing Reinforcing Bars," for details and methods of
reinforcement placement and supports, and as herein specified.
B.
Clean reinforcement of loose rust and mill scale, earth, ice and
other materials which reduce or destroy bond with concrete.
C.
Accurately position, support and secure reinforcement against
displacement by formwork, construction, or concrete placement
operations. Locate and support reinforcing by metal chairs,
runners, bolsters, spacers, and hangers, as required.
D.
Place reinforcement to obtain at least minimum coverages for
concrete protection. Arrange, space and securely tie bars and bar
supports to hold reinforcement in position during concrete
placement operations. Set wire ties so ends are directed into
concrete, not toward exposed concrete surfaces.
E.
Install welded wire fabric in as long lengths as practicable. Lap
adjoining pieces at least one full mesh and lace splices with wire.
Offset end laps in adjacent widths to prevent continuous laps in
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either direction. Set wire ties with ends directed into concrete,
not toward exposed concrete surfaces.
F.
Provide concrete cover on reinforcing bars as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
G.
H.
Cast against earth
3 inches
Exposed to earth or weather (#4 or smaller)
1-1/2 inches
Exposed to earth or weather (#5 or larger)
2 inches
Slabs and walls not exposed or in contact
with the ground (#11 or smaller)
3/4 inches
5. Ties and stirrups not exposed or in contact
with the ground in beams, columns
1-1/2 inches
Lap lengths shall conform to the latest requirements of ACI 318,
all lap splices shall be Class B splices, except no laps shall be
less than 24 inches.
Do not cut or puncture moisture barrier.
moisture barrier before placing concrete.
Repair damage and reseal
I. Epoxy-Coated Reinforcement:
Repair cut and damaged epoxy coatings
with epoxy repair coating according to ASTM D 3963/D 3963M.
Use
epoxy-coated
steel
wire
ties
to
fasten
epoxy-coated
steel
reinforcement.
J. Zinc-Coated Reinforcement:
Repair cut and damaged zinc coatings
with zinc repair material according to ASTM A 780.
Use galvanized
steel wire ties to fasten zinc-coated steel reinforcement.
3.05
A.
JOINTS
Construction Joints: To provide stopping places during concrete
pours. Locate and install construction joints as indicated or, if
not indicated, locate so as not to impair strength and appearance
of the structure. Locations must have prior approval of the
Architect.
1.
Provide keyways at least 1-1/2 inches deep in construction
joints in walls, slabs, and between walls and footings.
2.
Place construction joints perpendicular to main reinforcement.
Continue reinforcement across construction joints, except for
slabs on grade or otherwise indicated.
3.
Waterstops: Provide waterstops in construction joints for
concrete walls. Install waterstops to form continuous
diaphragm in each joint. Make provisions to support and
protect exposed waterstops during progress of work. Fabricate
field joints in waterstops in accordance with manufacturer's
printed instructions.
4.
Locate joints for beams, slabs, joists, and girders in the
middle third of spans.
Offset joints in girders a minimum
distance of twice the beam width from a beam-girder
intersection.
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5.
Locate horizontal joints in walls and columns at underside of
floors, slabs, beams, and girders and at the top of footings
or floor slabs.
6.
Space vertical joints in walls as indicated.
Locate joints
beside piers integral with walls, near corners, and in
concealed locations where possible.
7.
B.
fresh concrete is
hardened concrete
Isolation Joints (Expansion Joints) in Slabs-on-Ground: To allow
movement between slab and fixed parts of building. Construct
isolation joints in slabs-on-ground with filler joint strips at
points of contact between slabs-on-ground and vertical surfaces,
such as column pedestals, foundation walls, grade beams, and
elsewhere as indicated. Extend joint-filler strips full width and
depth of joint, terminating 1/2 inch (13 mm) below finished
concrete surface where joint sealants, specified in Division 07
Section "Joint Sealants," are indicated.
1.
C.
Use a bonding agent at locations where
placed against hardened or partially
surfaces.
Sidewalks: Allows movement between large areas of sidewalks.
Place 1/2 inch (12mm) wide expansion joints at 30 foot
intervals unless indicated otherwise. Separate sidewalks from
vertical elements.
Contraction (Control) Joints in Slabs-on-Ground: To induce cracking
at preselected locations. Construct contraction joints in
slabs-on-ground to form panels of patterns as indicated, or if not
indicated, submit pattern to Architect for approval prior to
construction of slab. Use saw cuts, tooled joints or inserts 1/4
inch wide x 1/4 of slab depth, unless otherwise indicated.
1.
Inserts: Form contraction joints by inserting premolded
plastic, hardboard or fiberboard strip into fresh concrete
until top surface of strip is flush with slab surface. Tool
slab edges round on each side of insert. After concrete has
cured, remove inserts and clean groove of loose debris.
2.
Tooled Joints: Form contraction joints after initial floating
by grooving and finishing each edge of joint to a radius of
1/8 inch (3.2 mm).
Repeat grooving of contraction joints
after applying surface finishes. Eliminate groover tool marks
on concrete surfaces.
3.
Sawed Cuts: Contraction joints in slabs on grade may be formed
by saw cuts as soon as possible after slab finishing as may be
safely done without dislodging aggregate.
a.
Cut joints in concrete using saw similar to "Soff-Cut
International" saw with shatterproof abrasive or diamond
rimmed blades.
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3.06
1)
Saw cut joints in concrete, at each control joint
location, as soon as the slab will support the
weight of the saw and operator without disturbing
the final finish. (Normally within 2 hours after
final finishing at each control joint location).
2)
A depth of cut of 3/4 inch to 1 inch is recommended
for aggregate sizes of 1-1/8 inch or smaller. (Use
5 inch 13 cm blade).
3)
A depth of cut of 1 inch to 1-3/16 is recommended
for aggregate sizes of 1-1/4 inches or larger. (Use
5-1/2 inch blade.
4)
The depth of cut is determined by the aggregate
size, not the thickness of slab.
5)
Do not tear, abrade or otherwise damage surface.
4.
If joint pattern is not shown, provide joints not exceeding 15
(4.6m) in either direction and located to conform to bay
spacing wherever possible (at column centerline, half bays,
third-bays). Panel aspect ratio shall not exceed 2 to 1 (slab
length to slab width). Submit pattern of joints to Architect
for approval prior to construction of slab.
5.
Sidewalks: Provide scored joints at 5 foot (1.5m) intervals
unless otherwise indicated.
6.
Doweled Joints: Install dowel bars and support assemblies at
joints where indicated. Lubricate or asphalt coat one-half of
dowel length to prevent concrete bonding to one side of joint.
INSTALLATION OF EMBEDDED ITEMS
A.
General: Set and build into work anchorage devices and other
embedded items required for other work that is attached to, or
supported by, cast-in-place concrete. Use setting drawings,
diagrams, instructions and directions provided by suppliers of
items to be attached thereto.
B.
Dovetail anchor slots: Install dovetail anchor slots vertically,
recessed in concrete walls to receive face brick veneer. Install
dovetail anchor slots 16 inches on center horizontally, extending
height of brick facing from brick ledge to top of concrete wall.
C.
Conduits and pipes embedded in concrete slabs shall not have an
outside dimension larger than 1/3 the slab thickness and shall be
spaced no closer than 3 diameters on center. Aluminum conduits
shall not be embedded in concrete without galvanic isolation.
D.
Self-Expanding Strip Waterstops:
Install in construction joints
and at other locations indicated, according to manufacturer's
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written instructions, adhesive bonding, mechanically fastening, and
firmly
pressing
into
place.
Install
in
longest
lengths
practicable.
3.07
PREPARATION OF FORM SURFACES
A.
Coat contact surfaces of forms with a form-coating compound before
reinforcement is placed.
B.
Coat steel forms with a nonstaining, rust-preventative form oil or
otherwise protect against rusting. Rust-stained steel formwork is
not acceptable.
CONCRETE PLACEMENT
3.08
A.
Preplacement Inspection: Before placing concrete, inspect and
complete formwork installation, reinforcing steel, and items to be
embedded or cast-in. Notify other crafts to permit installation of
their work; cooperate with other trades in setting such work.
Complete all required inspections prior to pour.
B.
Coordinate the installation of joint materials and moisture
barriers with placement of forms and reinforcing steel.
C.
General:
1.
D.
Comply with ACI 304 and as herein specified.
Deposit concrete continuously or in layers of such thickness
that no concrete will be placed on concrete which has hardened
sufficiently to cause the formation of seams or planes of
weakness. Deposit concrete as nearly as practicable to its
final location to avoid segregation.
Placing Concrete in Forms: Deposit concrete in forms in horizontal
layers and in a manner to avoid inclined construction joints.
Where placement consists of several layers, place each layer while
preceding layer is still plastic to avoid cold joints.
1.
Concrete shall not be dropped into forms from a height greater
than 5 feet.
E.
Consolidate placed concrete by mechanical vibrating equipment
supplemented by hand-spading, rodding or tamping. Use equipment
and procedures for consolidation of concrete in accordance with ACI
309.
F.
Do not use vibrators to transport concrete.
Insert and withdraw
vibrators vertically at uniformly spaced locations not farther than
visible effectiveness of machine, penetrating at least 6 inches
inro the proceeding layer. At each insertion, limit duration of
vibration to time necessary to consolidate concrete and complete
embedment of reinforcement and other embedded items without causing
mixture constituents to segregate.
G.
Placing Concrete Slabs: Deposit and consolidate concrete slabs in
a continuous operation, within limits of construction joints.
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H.
Consolidate concrete during placing operations so that concrete is
thoroughly worked around reinforcement and other embedded items and
into corners.
I.
Bring slab surfaces to correct level with straightedge and
strikeoff. Use bull floats or darbies to smooth surface, free of
humps or hollows. Do not disturb slab surfaces prior to beginning
finishing operations.
J.
Maintain reinforcing in proper position on chairs during concrete
placement operations.
K.
Begin initial floating using bull floats or darbies to form a
uniform and open-textured surface plane, before excess bleedwater
appears on the surface.
Do not further disturb slab surfaces
before starting finishing operations.
L.
Cold Weather Placing:
Protect concrete work from physical damage
or reduced strength which could be caused by frost, freezing
actions, or low temperatures, in compliance with ACI 306.1.
M.
1.
When air temperature has fallen to or is expected to fall
below 40 deg. F(4.4deg.C), uniformly heat water and aggregates
before mixing to obtain a concrete mixture temperature of not
less than 50 deg.F(10 deg.C) and not more than 80 deg.F
(27 deg.C) at point of placement as per ACI 301.
2.
Do not use frozen materials or materials containing ice or
snow. Do not place concrete on frozen subgrade or on subgrade
containing frozen materials.
3.
Do not use calcium chloride, salt or other materials
containing anti-freeze agents or chemical accelerators, unless
otherwise specified and approved in design mixes.
Hot Weather Placing: When hot weather conditions exist that would
seriously impair quality and strength of concrete, place concrete
in compliance with ACI 301 and ACI 305.
1.
Cool ingredients before mixing to maintain concrete
temperature below 90 deg.F(32 deg.C) at time of placement.
Chilled mixing water or chopped ice may be used to control
temperature, provided water equivalent of ice is calculated to
total amount of mixing water. Using liquid nitrogen to cool
concrete is Contractor's option.
2.
Cover steel reinforcement with water-soaked burlap so steel
temperature will not exceed ambient air temperature
immediately before embedded in concrete.
3.
Fog-spray forms, steel reinforcement, and subgrade just
before placing concrete. Keep subgrade moisture uniform
without standing water, soft spots, or dry areas.
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M.
3.09
Joining New Concrete to Old Concrete Surfaces: When new concrete
is to be joined to old concrete, the old concrete shall be
roughened sufficiently to expose the coarse aggregate and shall be
thoroughly cleaned of any loose disintegrated concrete. Before
placing new concrete, old concrete shall be thoroughly saturated
with water, and immediately previous to placing new concrete, shall
be coated with neat cement grout. Epoxy bonding compounds may be
used provided they are applied in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.
MONOLITHIC SLAB FINISHES
A.
General: Exposed surfaces shall be true and even, free from open
areas rough areas, depressions and projections. General:
Comply
with ACI 302.1R recommendations for screeding, restraightening, and
finishing operations for concrete surfaces.
Do not wet concrete
surfaces.
B.
Rough Slab Finish (Scratch Finish): Floor slabs to receive
concrete fill or setting beds shall be screeded only.
C.
D.
1.
Floor Surface Tolerances: ACI 302.1; Bullfloated with
flatness F(F) of 15 and level F(L) of 13.
2.
Slope Surfaces Uniformly where shown on drawings and to drains
where required.
Float Finish: Apply float finish to monolithic slab surfaces to
receive trowel finish and other finishes as hereinafter specified,
and slab surfaces which are to be covered with membrane or elastic
waterproofing, membrane or elastic roofing, sandbed terrazzo,
sidewalks, and as otherwise indicated.
1.
After screeding, consolidating, and leveling concrete slabs,
do not work surface until ready for floating. Begin floating
when surface water has disappeared or when concrete has
stiffened sufficiently to permit operation of power-driven
floats, or both. Consolidate surface with power-driven
floats, or by hand-floating if area is small or inaccessible
to power units. Immediately after leveling, refloat surface
to a uniform, smooth, granular texture.
2.
Floor Surface Tolerance: ACI 302.1; straight-edged; with
flatness of F(F) of 18 and Level F(L) of 15.
3.
Slope Surfaces uniformly where shown on drawings and to drains
where required.
Trowel Finish: Apply trowel finish to monolithic slab surfaces to
be exposed-to-view, and slab surfaces to be covered with carpet
resilient flooring, ceramic tile (thin-set), paint or other thin
film finish coating system.
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E.
1.
After floating, begin first trowel finish operation using a
power-driven trowel. Begin final troweling when surface
produces a ringing sound as trowel is moved over surface.
Consolidate concrete surface by final hand-troweling
operation, free of trowel marks, uniform in texture and
appearance.
2.
Floor Surface Tolerance: ACI 302.1; Flat, with Flatness F(F)
of 25 and Level F(L) of 20.
3.
Floor Surface Tolerance of floors to receive thinset ceramic
tile or quarry tile: ACI 302.1; flat with flatness F(F) or 30
and level F(L) of 25.
4.
Slope surfaces uniformly where shown on drawings and to drains
where required.
5.
Grind smooth any surface defects that would telegraph through
applied floor covering system.
6.
Trowel and fine
to be installed
specified, then
surface by fine
Non-Slip Broom Finish: Apply non-slip broom finish to exterior
concrete ramps, and sidewalks.
1.
F.
A.
Immediately after trowel finishing, slightly roughen concrete
surface by brooming with fiber bristle broom perpendicular to
main traffic route. Coordinate required final finish with
Owner before application. Do not apply broom finish to tooled
perimeter edges of concrete. Provide 1-1/2 inch(38mm)tooled
edge (boarder)smooth finish.
Exposed Aggregate Surface: Pour concrete and screed, float or
trowel level. Sprinkle additional aggregate on the surface and
work in with trowel, making sure the aggregates are surrounded by
cement paste. As soon as surface water has disappeared, spray
retarder over entire area to be treated, using an ordinary
low-pressure garden sprayer. Cover with moisture-retaining cover.
1.
3.10
broom finish: Where ceramic or quarry tile is
with thin-set mortar, apply trowel finish as
immediately follow with slightly scarifying
brooming.
After concrete has set overnight, remove moisture-retaining
cover. Check small area to determine if concrete has cured
sufficiently. (If depth is excessive, allow to remain a few
hours before checking again). Hose surface of concrete and
remove unset cement matrix with coarse brush or broom.
CONCRETE CURING AND PROTECTION
General: Protect all freshly placed concrete from premature drying
and excessive cold(ACI 306.1) or excessive hot temperatures(ACI
301).
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1.
Start initial curing as soon as free water has disappeared
from concrete surface after placing and finishing. Weather
permitting, keep continuously moist for not less than 7 days.
2.
Begin final curing procedures immediately following initial
curing and before concrete has dried. Continue final curing
for at least 7 days in accordance with ACI 301 procedures.
Avoid rapid drying at end of final curing period.
B.
Evaporation Retarder:
Apply evaporation retarder to unformed
concrete surfaces if hot, dry, or windy conditions cause moisture
loss approaching 0.2 lb/sq. ft. x h (1 kg/sq. m x h) before and
during finishing operations.
Apply according to manufacturer's
written instructions after placing, screeding, and bull floating or
darbying concrete, but before float finishing.
C.
Formed Surfaces:
Cure formed concrete surfaces, including
supported slabs, and other similar surfaces.
If forms remain
during curing period, moist cure after loosening forms.
If
removing forms before end of curing period, continue curing for the
remainder of the curing period.
D.
Unformed Surfaces:
Begin curing immediately after finishing
concrete.
Cure unformed surfaces, including floors and slabs,
concrete floor toppings, and other surfaces.
E.
Curing Methods: Chemical curing compound not permitted. Conform to
ACI Committee 308.1 “Standard Practice for Curing Concrete”.
1.
Moisture-Cover Curing:
burlap blankets.
a.
2.
Cover concrete surfaces with moisture-retaining cover for
curing concrete, placed in widest practicable width with
sides and ends lapped at least 3 inches(75mm) and sealed
by waterproof tape or adhesive. Immediately repair any
holes or tears during curing period, using cover material
and waterproof tape.
Moisture Curing: Keep surfaces continuously moist for not less
than seven days with the following materials:
a.
b.
c.
F.
ASTM C 171, using polyethylene-coated
Water.
Continuous water-fog spray.
Absorptive cover, water saturated, and kept continuously
wet.
Cover concrete surfaces and edges with 12-inch
(300-mm) lap over adjacent absorptive covers.
Curing methods shall be reviewed with Architect prior to starting
concrete work.
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G.
3.11
Curing and Sealing Compound: Apply uniformly to floors and slabs
indicated in a continuous operation by power spray or roller
according to manufacturer's written instructions.
Recoat areas
subjected to heavy rainfall within three hours after initial
application.
Repeat process 24 hours later and apply a second
coat.
Maintain continuity of coating and repair damage during
curing period.
REMOVAL OF FORMS
A.
Formwork Not Supporting Weight of Concrete: Formwork not
supporting weight of concrete, such as sides of walls, columns, and
similar parts of the work, may be removed after cumulatively curing
at not less than 50 deg F(10 deg C) for 24 hours after placing
concrete, provided concrete is sufficiently hard to not be damaged
by form removal operations and provided protection operations are
maintained during removal.
B.
Formwork Supporting Weight of Concrete: Formwork supporting weight
of concrete, such as floor slabs and other structural elements, may
be removed when the concrete reaches the specified 28 day strength,
or when the concrete reaches 75% of the specified 28 day strength
and is no less than 7 days old.
1.
3.12
Between the dates of October 1 and April 1, or when the
average daily temperature has been below 50o F (10 deg.C). for
the duration of the curing period, forms may not be removed
until the actual in-place strength of the concrete is
demonstrated by two field-cured test cylinders or by Windsor
Penetrometer, regardless of the results of tests on laboratory
cured cylinders.
MISCELLANEOUS CONCRETE ITEMS
A.
Filling-In:
Fill in holes and openings left in concrete structure
for passage of work by other trades, unless otherwise shown or
directed, after work of other trades is in place. Mix, place and
cure concrete as herein specified to blend with in-place
construction. Provide other miscellaneous concrete filling shown
or required to complete work.
B.
Equipment Bases and Foundations:
Provide machine and equipment
bases and foundations as shown on Drawings. Set anchor bolts for
machines and equipment at correct elevations, complying with
diagrams or templates from manufacturer furnishing machines and
equipment.
C.
Steel Pan Stairs:
Provide concrete fill
treads, landings, and associated items.
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for steel pan stair
Cast-in inserts and
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accessories as shown on Drawings.
concrete surfaces.
3.13
Screed, tamp, and trowel-finish
CONCRETE SURFACE REPAIRS FOR NEW CONCRETE
A.
All voids, damaged places, fins, projections, honeycomb areas, and
tie-rod holes shall be removed down to sound concrete and shall be
repaired immediately after form removal.
B.
Repairing Formed Surfaces:
Surface defects include color and
texture irregularities, cracks, spalls, air bubbles, honeycombs,
rock pockets, fins and other projections on the surface, and stains
and other discolorations that cannot be removed by cleaning.
C.
Immediately after form removal, cut out honeycombs, rock pockets,
and voids more than 1/2 inch (13 mm) in any dimension in solid
concrete, but not less than 1 inch (25 mm) in depth. Make edges of
cuts perpendicular to concrete surface. Clean, dampen with water,
and brush-coat holes and voids with bonding agent.
Fill and
compact with patching mortar before bonding agent has dried. Fill
form-tie voids with patching mortar or cone plugs secured in place
with bonding agent.
D.
Repair defects on surfaces exposed to view by blending white
portland cement and standard portland cement so that, when dry,
patching mortar will match surrounding color. Patch a test area at
inconspicuous locations to verify mixture and color match before
proceeding with patching. Compact mortar in place and strike off
slightly higher than surrounding surface. Repair defects on
concealed formed surfaces that affect concrete's durability and
structural performance as determined by Architect.
E.
Repairing Unformed Surfaces:
Test unformed
floors and slabs, for finish and verify
specified for each surface.
Correct low and
surfaces sloped to drain for trueness of slope
a sloped template.
F.
Repair finished surfaces containing defects.
Surface defects
include spalls, popouts, honeycombs, rock pockets, crazing and
cracks in excess of 0.01 inch (0.25 mm) wide or that penetrate to
reinforcement
or
completely
through
unreinforced
sections
regardless of width, and other objectionable conditions.
G.
After concrete has cured at least 14 days, correct high areas by
grinding.
H.
Correct localized low areas during or immediately after completing
surface finishing operations by cutting out low areas and replacing
with patching mortar. Finish repaired areas to blend into adjacent
concrete.
I.
The specified bonding agent shall be used for all patching and the
specified epoxy adhesive and/or epoxy mortar shall be used for all
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surfaces, such as
surface tolerances
high areas.
Test
and smoothness; use
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structural repairs.
J.
All patching and repairs shall have prior approval of the Architect
as to method and procedure. Any concrete which has not been formed
as shown on the contract drawings, is out of alignment or level or
indicates a defective surface or unsoundness of any nature shall be
removed and replaced to the limits required by the Architect unless
he grants permission to patch or otherwise correct the defective
work. Permission to patch or attempt the correction shall not be
construed to be a waiver of the Architect's right to require
complete removal of the defective work should the patching or
correction prove to be, in the opinion of the Architect,
unsatisfactory either as to structure or appearance.
K.
Cure patch in same manner as specified for new concrete.
L.
Contractor shall protect new concrete to prevent graffiti from
being applied to the fresh concrete.
1.
Contractor shall be responsible for removing any new concrete
that would be exposed to view with graffiti. Patching of
graffiti areas will not be accepted.
M.
Correct other low areas scheduled to receive floor coverings with a
repair underlayment.
Prepare, mix, and apply repair underlayment
and primer according to manufacturer's written instructions to
produce a smooth, uniform, plane, and level surface. Feather edges
to match adjacent floor elevations.
N.
Correct other low areas scheduled to remain exposed with a repair
topping.
Cut out low areas to ensure a minimum repair topping
depth of 1/4 inch (6 mm) to match adjacent floor elevations.
Prepare, mix, and apply repair topping and primer according to
manufacturer's written instructions to produce a smooth, uniform,
plane, and level surface.
O.
Repair defective areas, except random cracks and single holes 1
inch (25 mm) or less in diameter, by cutting out and replacing with
fresh concrete.
P.
Remove defective areas with clean, square cuts and expose steel
reinforcement with at least a 3/4-inch (19-mm) clearance all
around. Dampen concrete surfaces in contact with patching concrete
and apply bonding agent. Mix patching concrete of same materials
and mixture as original concrete except without coarse aggregate.
Place, compact, and finish to blend with adjacent finished
concrete. Cure in same manner as adjacent concrete.
Q.
Repair random cracks and single holes 1 inch (25 mm) or less in
diameter with patching mortar.
Groove top of cracks and cut out
holes to sound concrete and clean off dust, dirt, and loose
particles.
Dampen cleaned concrete surfaces and apply bonding
agent.
Place patching mortar before bonding agent has dried.
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Compact patching mortar and finish to match adjacent concrete.
Keep patched area continuously moist for at least 72 hours.
3.14
A.
CONCRETE SURFACE TREATMENT
Interior Concrete Surface Treatment
1.
Chemical Hardener: Shake-on hardener in accordance with
manufacturer's instructions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
Floor Sealer:
a.
B.
3.
4.
A.
New interior exposed concrete surfaces.
Apply floor sealer finish to interior concrete floors,
where indicated, after complete curing and drying of the
concrete surface.
Exterior Surface Treatment:
1.
2
3.15
Apply dry shake materials for colored wear resistant
finish immediately following first floating operation.
Color shall be uniformly distributed.
Uniformly apply dry-shake floor hardener at a rate of 100
lb/100 sq. ft. unless greater amount is recommended by
manufacturer.
Uniformly distribute approximately two-thirds of dryshake floor hardener over surface by hand or with
mechanical spreader, and embed by power floating.
Follow power floating with a second dry-shake floor
hardener application, uniformly distributing remainder of
material, and embed by power floating.
After final floating, apply a trowel finish.
Cure
concrete with curing compound recommended by dry-shake
floor hardener manufacturer and apply immediately after
final finishing.
Sealer.
New exterior exposed concrete surfaces.
Two coat application in accordance with manufacturers printed
instructions. 150-200 sq.ft.(14-19 sq.m.) per gallon(3.8L).
Apply evenly and uniformly using a low airless spray with a
maximum 40 P.S.I. delivery rate.
Apply in strict accordance with manufacturer's printed
instructions, after complete curing and drying of the concrete
surfaces. (Minimum 28 days curing).
CONCRETE REPAIR FOR EXISTING CONCRETE FLOOR
General: Applicator shall use mixing equipment and tools approved
by the manufacturer and shall have a copy of manufacturer's
installation instructions available at all times while work is in
progress.
1.
Deliver materials in their original unopened packages and
protect from exposure to freezing, direct sun, and moisture.
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2.
Before and during the installation of floor materials, the
building interior must be enclosed and maintained at a
temperature between 50 degrees and 80 degrees F.(10-26.6 deg
C) Do not install when surface temperatures are below 40
degrees F(4.4 deg C).
3.
Observe the basic rules of concrete work.
too fast by strong sun or wind.
Protect from drying
B.
Use of Aggregate: Mix product with water first, then add 1/2 part
of volume of clean, dry aggregate. Use 1/8 inch(3mm) fine gravel
for application layers up to 1/2 inch(12mm) thickness, or 3/8
inch(9mm) gravel for layers up to 1 inch(25mm) depending on the
product. Do not use sand.
C.
Subfloor Inspection: The subfloor should be structurally sound,
vacuum cleaned, and free of mud, oil, grease, curing compounds and
other contaminants.
D.
Preparation: Concrete floors must be of adequate strength, clean
of contaminants, curing compounds, and all foreign matter before
priming with Ardex P-51.
E.
Installation: Install and cure materials in strict accordance with
manufacturer's printed instructions.
3.16
A.
B.
CONCRETE DRESSING FOR EXISTING CONCRETE AND MASONRY WALLS EXPOSED
DURING CONSTRUCTION
General: Applicator shall use mixing equipment and tools approved
by the manufacturer and shall have a copy of manufacturer's
installation instructions available at all times while work is in
progress.
1.
Deliver materials in their original unopened packages and
protect from exposure to freezing, direct sun, and moisture.
2.
Before and during the installation of concrete dressing to the
walls, the building interior must be enclosed and maintained
at a temperature between 50 degrees and 80 degrees F.(10-26.6
deg C) Do not install when surface temperatures are below 40
degrees F(4.4 deg C).
Existing Wall Inspection: The existing wall should be structurally
sound, vacuum cleaned, and free of mud, oil, grease, curing
compounds and other contaminants.
1.
C.
Existing walls to be cleaned of all waterproofing/parging
prior to priming walls. (ADD#2)
Preparation: Concrete walls must be of adequate strength, clean of
contaminants, curing compounds, and all foreign matter before
priming with Ardex P-51.
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D.
Installation: Install and cure materials in strict accordance with
manufacturer's printed instructions.
E.
Trowel apply dressing to prepared walls, in as thin layer as
possible while still getting full coverage. Dress to a smooth even
surface.
F.
Upon completion of walls and adequate curing time, seal walls with
sealant specified in Article 2.04, Paragraph I. (ADD#2)
3.16
A.
GRINDING AND POLISHING OF CONCRETE FLOORS
All work shall be in strict accordance with manufacturer’s
specifications. Sealer/Hardener shall not exceed the spread per
gallon recommended by the manufacturer.
1.
Allow new concrete to cure a minimum of 28 days prior to
application.
B.
Apply in strict accordance with manufacturer’s written
specifications for application utilizing recommended equipment.
Follow manufacturer’s recommended procedures for grinding and
polishing floor.
C.
Use heavy duty polishing machines equipped with progressively finer
grits of diamond-impregnated disks used to gradually grind down
surfaces to the desired degree of shine and smoothness. Minimum
grit of 1800 to be used for final sheen. Apply impregnating sealer
during this process as per manufacturer’s recommendations.
D.
Expose decorative aggregate and grind smooth.
3.17
A.
QUALITY CONTROL TESTING DURING CONSTRUCTION
No laboratory testing required by Contractor.
1.
The Owner will employ a testing laboratory to perform tests
and to submit test reports during concrete placement. General
Contractor will cast the test cylinders at no additional
charge to Owner.
B.
Sampling and testing for quality control during placement of
concrete may include the following, as directed by Architect.
C.
Sampling Fresh Concrete: ASTM C 172, and molded and handled in
accordance with ASTM C-39.
1.
Slump: ASTM C 143/C 143M; one test at point of discharge for
each day's pour of each type of concrete; additional tests
when concrete consistency seems to have changed.
2.
Air Content: ASTM C 173/C 173M, volumetric method for
lightweight or normal weight concrete; ASTM C 231 pressure
method for normal weight concrete; one for each day's pour of
each type of air-entrained concrete.
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3.
Concrete Temperature: ASTM C 1064/C 1064M, test hourly when
air temperature is 40o F.(4.4 deg.C) and below, and when 80o
F.(26.6 deg.C) and above; and each time a set of compression
test specimens are made.
4.
Compression Test Specimen: ASTM C 31/C 31M; one set of 4
standard cylinders for each compressive strength test, unless
otherwise directed. Mold and store cylinders for
laboratory-cured test and field-cure test.
5.
Compressive Strength Tests: ASTM C 39/C 39M; one set for each
50 cu. yds.(38 cu.m) or fraction thereof, of each concrete
class placed in any one day or for each 5000 sq. ft.(465sq.m)
of surface area placed. Cylinders shall be used as follows:
a.
b.
Seven (7) day test Field control - one test
Laboratory control - one
28 day test Field control - one test
Laboratory control - two
cylinder
test cylinder
cylinder
test cylinders, plus one spare.
D.
Test results will be reported in writing to Architect and
Contractor within 48 hours that tests are made. Reports of
compressive strength tests shall contain the project identification
name and number, date of concrete placement, name of concrete
testing service, concrete type and class, location of concrete
batch in structure, design compressive strength at 28 days,
concrete mix proportions and materials; compressive breaking
strength and type of break for both 7-day tests and 28-day tests.
E.
When strength of field-cured cylinders is less than 85 percent of
companion laboratory-cured cylinders, Contractor shall evaluate
operations and provide corrective procedures for protecting and
curing in-place concrete.
F.
Strength of each concrete mixture will be satisfactory if every
average of any three consecutive compressive-strength tests equals
or exceeds specified compressive strength and no compressivestrength test value falls below specified compressive strength by
more than 500 psi (3.4 MPa).
G.
Nondestructive Testing:
Impact hammer, sonoscope, or other
nondestructive device may be permitted by Architect but will not be
used as sole basis for approval or rejection of concrete.
H.
Additional Tests:
The testing service will make additional tests
of in-place concrete when test results indicate specified concrete
strengths and other characteristics have not been attained in the
structure, as directed by Architect.
Testing service may conduct
tests to determine adequacy of concrete by cored cylinders
complying with ASTM C 42/C 42M, or by other methods as directed.
Contractor shall pay for such tests conducted, and any other
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additional testing as may be required, when unacceptable concrete
is verified.
Correct deficiencies in the Work that test reports
and inspections indicate dos not comply with the Contract
Documents.
F.
Floor Surface Tolerances (Flatness and Level) shall be verified by
testing laboratory.
1.
Floor Flatness and Levelness shall be determined using the FNumber System as detailed in ASTM E-1155 and described in ACI
302.1R.
END OF SECTION
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