Final Exam Review 2014
Chemistry
1.
Draw a Bohr diagram of the element Boron. Label the subatomic particles (protons, neutrons,
electrons, valence electrons).
W – Nucleus
V
X – Neutron
Y – Proton
Z – Electron
V – Valence Electron
2. Which two particles are used to determine an atom’s mass?
X, Y Protons + Neutrons = Atomic Mass
3. Shade in location of the metals, non-metals, and metalloids located on the periodic table? List the
properties for each group on the next table.
4. What can you predict about an element based on where it is on the periodic table?
You can predict its physical and chemical properties (Number of Valence electrons, reactivity,
etc.)
5. What are columns on the periodic table that have similar chemical and physical properties called?
Groups or Families
6. What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called? Periods
7. How many atoms of each element are in the compound, 2Fe2O3?
4 atoms of Iron, 6 atoms of Oxygen
8. What are the five indicators that a substance has gone through a chemical change?
Unexpected changes in properties - Color change, gas production, changes in temperature,
precipitate forms, light produced, odor change
9. What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed.
10. What happens in a chemical reaction?
Elements are rearranged into new substances through chemical reactions
11. Balance the following equation.
2C2H6 + 7O2
4CO2 + 6H2O
12. List the element(s) involved in the chemical reaction above?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
13. List the compound(s) involved in the chemical reaction above?
C2H6, CO2, H2O
Force and Motion
14. What is the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces?
Balanced forces do not cause any change in motion, whereas unbalanced forces will cause an object to
start moving, stop moving, or change direction
15. What is the net force acting on the object below? In which direction will the object move?
50N to the Left
16. How does friction affect an object’s motion?
Friction will cause an object to slow down or stop moving
17. Newton’s Laws
Newton’s Law of Motion
First Law of Motion
2nd Law of Motion
3rd Law of Motion
Description
An object at rest will stay at
rest and an object in motion will
remain in motion unless acted on
by an outside force
The relationship between force,
mass, and acceleration. For
example if you increase force and
keep mass the same, acceleration
will increase.
For every action there is an equal
and opposite reaction
Formula/Example
When you slam on the brakes in a car you
can continue to move forward unless you
are wearing a seatbelt
Force = Mass x Acceleration
You dive off a boat that is not on and the
boat moves forward
18. Hannah uses a force of 60N to move a 30 kg bag of equipment. What is the acceleration of the bag?
Show your work!
60N/30 kg = 2 m/s2
19. Mandy’s balloon car travels at a speed of 20 m/s for 10s. What is the distance that the balloon car
traveled? Show your work!
20 m/s x 10s = 200m
Distance
20. Create a distance vs. time graph that shows constant motion.
Distance
21. Create a distance vs. time graph that shows an object at rest.
Cyclical Movements of the Sun, Earth, and Moon
22. What causes day and night?
Earth’s rotation on its axis
23. Why does the Earth have seasons?
The Earth’s axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun
24. Label the seasons that the Northern Hemisphere would experience on the diagram below.
Spring
Summer
Winter
Fall
25. Draw and label the moon phase we would see at each of the positions on the diagram?
1 - First Quarter
2 - Full Moon
3 – Last/Third
Quarter
4 - New Moon
26. If you see a full moon tonight how much time will pass before you see the next full moon?
Four weeks
27. What is a Spring tide? Draw the positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun.
The tide with the greatest difference between the low and high tide. Spring tides occur at
full and new moon.
28. What is a Neap tide? Draw the positions of the Earth,
Moon, and Sun.
The tide with the least difference between the low and
high tide. Neap tides occur at first and last quarter
moons.
Stars and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
29. What color of stars has the highest surface temperature? Blue or Blue-White
30. What color of stars has the lowest surface temperature? Red
31. Which type of stars represents most of the stars on the diagram? Main Sequence
32. What is the general relationship between the surface temperature and brightness of a Main
Sequence star? As temperature increases, magnitude increases
33. What type of star is our sun? Our sun is a main sequence star
34. In the diagram above, which letter represents the amplitude of the wave? A
35. In the diagram above, which letter represents the wavelength of the wave? B
36. Label the galaxies in the pictures below.
Spiral
Irregular
Elliptical
Spiral
37. What determines a star’s life cycle? A star’s life cycle is determined by its mass
38. What is a light year? The distance that light travels in one year
39. What are the general characteristics of the sun? The sun is a main sequence star that is medium in
size, magnitude and temperature.
40. What two pieces of evidence are used to support the big bang theory? Explain each one.
Red Shift - Astronomers have observed a red shift in galaxies. If an astronomical object is
moving away from the Earth, its light will be shifted to longer (red) wavelengths. This confirmed
that galaxies were moving away from each other
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation - Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson were experimenting
with a radio antenna at a lab in New Jersey. When they tested it they kept hearing a weird,
unexplained static. They found that it is left over heat from the Big Bang and that is evenly
distributed throughout the universe; proving that the universe started as a single point.
Earth’s Changing Surface
41. What 3 pieces of evidence did Wegener use to prove his theory of Continental Drift?

Fossils were found on continents on opposite sides of the ocean

Climate – glacial scratches on bedrock

Landforms – mountain ranges match on opposite continents
42. Why didn’t geologists accept Wegener’s theory of Continental Drift?
Wegener could not identify the force that moved the continents
43. What provides the force that moves tectonic plates?
Convection Currents
44. Fill in the Plate Boundaries chart below:
Type of Boundary
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
Crustal Formation
Oceanic – Oceanic
1. Trench
Example
Aleutian Islands
2. Volcanic Island Arc
Oceanic - Continental
1. Trench
Andes Mountains
2. Volcanic Mountains
Continental – Continental
1. Folded Mountains
Himalyan Mountains
1. Rift Valleys
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
2. Mid-Ocean Ridges
Faults
San Andreas Fault
Role of Oceans and Weather
45. Why does convection take place?
Uneven heating of the Earth - Cold air is denser than warm air
46. What is the original source of energy that heats air and causes wind?
The sun
47. What are the conditions associated with a low pressure system?
Cloudy and rainy
48. What are the conditions associated with a high pressure system?
Dry and clear
49. Fill in the chart for fronts:
Type of
Description
Weather before the
Front
front
Cold
Cold fronts occur Thunderstorms often
when a colder,
occur
drier air mass
pushes out a
warmer, wetter
one
Warm
Warm fronts
occur when a
warmer air mass
pushes out cooler,
drier air
Fog often occurs, light
rain
Weather after
the front
Clear, crisp air
follows a cold
front
Picture
Usually warm
humid days
follow a warm
front
50. How do the oceans affect the global climate?
The ocean keeps the planet’s overall temperature moderate, not too hot and not too cold
Ecology
51. Identify the organisms that occupy the different trophic levels in the food web.
Producers
Plankton
Consumers
Krill, zooplankton, cod, adelie penguin,
squid, crabeater seal, elephant seal,
leopard seal, killer whale
Herbivores
Zooplankton
Carnivores
Crabeater seal, killer whale, leopard
seal, elephant seal
Omnivores
Krill, cod, squid, adelie penguin
52. Give two example of predation in the food web above.
Predator Killer Whale
Prey Elephant Seal
Predator Leopard Seal
Prey Cod
53. Give two examples of competition in the food web above.

Leopard seals, killer whales, and elephant seals may compete for squid

Cod, zooplankton, adelie penguin, and crabeater seals may compete for krill
54. Define and give an example of each type of symbiotic relationship listed below:
Relationship
Definition
Example
Effect
Commensalism
One species benefits and the other
is unaffected
Shark and Remora
Mutualism
Both species benefit
Parasitism
One species benefits and the other
is injured or killed
Sea Anemone and Clown
Fish
Tapeworm and a human
t0
tt
t-
55. What is natural selection?
The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to
survive and reproduce than other members of the same species
56. How does the environment “select” organisms?
Some variations make individuals better adapted to their environment. Those individuals are more
likely to survive and reproduce, so in that way the environment “selects” organisms with helpful
traits to be the parents of the next generation.
57. How are the finch beaks on the Galapagos Islands an example of an adaptation?
Each type of finch has a slightly different shaped beak, which is related to the type of food it ate
Oceans
58. How are humans dependent on the oceans?
The oceans give us more than half of the oxygen we breathe, regulate climate, and provide valuable
resources
59. What are some critical issues facing the oceans?
Overfishing, Sea Temperature Rise, Marine Pollution, Ocean Acidification, Marine Habitat
Destruction, Sea Level Rise, Marine Invasive Species
60. What are some affects that solid waste can have on ocean organisms?
Animals can get tangled up in debris and drown, sea turtles and other animals eat plastic,
mistaking it for food
61. What are some ways you can help protect the oceans? Make safe, sustainable seafood choices, Use
fewer plastic products, take care when visiting reefs and beaches, Take part in a beach cleanup