1
BIOSAND FILTER DENGAN REAKTOR KARBON AKTIF PADA PENGOLAHAN
LIMBAH CAIR LAUNDRY
Putri Aulia Halim[1]
D 121 09 273
Mary Selintung [2]
Johannes Patanduk [3]
[1]
Mahasiswa S1 Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan Jurusan Sipil Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar
[2]. [3]
Staf Pengajar Jurusan Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar
Abstrak
In Makassar in general an increase in the number of people from year to year . With a
city population of increase , there will be also an increase in demand for goods and services , one
of which is in great demand services are laundry services . On the other hand , laundry services
this negative impact is the generation of waste generated from the rest of the laundry process tigak
treated before it is disposed so that raises the potential for pollution to the environment, especially
on water . Activated carbon filter biosand technology is a combination of appropriate technologies
that are effective in treating surface water . This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a
decrease in the concentration of Biological Oxygen Demand , Chemical Oxygen Demand , Total
Suspended Solid , and phosphates at the end of the laundry waste . Sampling was done every 2
days for 1 week and perform repetitions 3 times . After processing by using technology effectively
biosand Filter Activated carbon reduction in Biological Oxygen Demand concentrations ranging
from 71.39 % on average , Chemical Oxygen Demand ranged from 85.42 % , Total Suspended
Solid averaged 82.65 % , and the average Phosphate average ranged between 76.03 % . With the
sewage treatment with Activated Carbon Filter Technology biosand can reduce ketercemaran and
can prevent the negative impact caused by waste water effluent rest of the laundry .
Keyword : Biosand Filter, Activated carbon, Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen
Demand, Total Suspended Solid, And Fosfat
Preface
Background
In Makassar, generally, there is an increase
population from year to year. Population
growth can be caused by birth and
migration. With a city population increases,
there will be also increased for goods and
services, one service that is in demand
which is laundry services, with the laundry
services have eased the household chores
and provide considerable benefits by
reducing the number of unemployed. on the
other hand, laundry services has negative
impact which is generated from the waste
pile residual of the process that is not treated
before it is disposed so it can lead to
pollution to the environment, especially on
water.
Water pollution due to laundry waste caused
by detergent. Including the pollutants inside
it called Alkyl benzene, which is known as
hard detergent. It’s due to harshness to be
corrupted
by
microorganism
(nonbiodegradable) so it could cause pollution to
the environment (Afri Yunita, 2011). Water
from laundry waste contain chemical
compound with high level concentration of
phosphate, surfactant, ammonia, dan
nitrogen, also dissolved solid, turbidity,
BOD, and COD (Ahmad dan El-Dessouky,
2008). These substances when disposed over
the channel and then discharged into the
waters of the river will disrupt and degrade
water quality if it's not through the
processing first. Taking into account the
problems that exist, it should be considered
a tool or technology that can reduce the level
of danger posed by the activities of laundry
services. In this study used parameters BOD,
COD, TSS, Phosphate and use equipment or
technology "Biosand Filter Activated
2
carbon". Liquid waste treatment purpose is
to reduce organic and inorganic pollutants in
wastewater to a level where microorganisms
can not grow and the toxic compounds can
be eliminated (Safina, 2012). Hopefully
from the results of treatment with this tool,
the concentration of pollution can be
reduced, so that when released into the
environment it does not cause environmental
damage and decline in the quality of the
environment both aquatic and other
environmental.
Based on the background above, then
the formulated problems are how is the
technology of Biosand Filter Activated
carbon, how much the effectivity gained by
using “Biosand Filter Activated carbon” in
processing laundry waste water, and what is
the superiority and inferiority of Biosand
Filter Activated carbon in processing
laundry waste water
LITERATURE
Waste water definition
According to Republic of Indonesia
Government Law no. 82 year 2001, waste is
residual of work or activity that contain
dangerous or hazardous substance that could
endanger environment, health, and existence
of human and all other living being directly
or not due to its nature or concentration and
amount (Purba, 2009). Whereas according to
the decree of minister of environment no. 51
year 1995 on quality standards of waste
water for industrial activities waste water is
waste in the form of liquid that produced by
industrial activities and discarded to the
environment and expected to causing
decrease in the quality of environment For
the definitions above, waste water generally
can be conclude as residual of works or
activities in form of liquid that came from
household, industry, or other common places
that usually contain substance that endanger
humans living also disturb the preservation
of environment.
Dirt is things the did not suppose to be
in textile or other surface. This dirt usually
consists of combination from some
component, depends on the kind and the use
of the fabric. As in image 1 below is a
laundry waste is used as a sample.
Image 1. Laundry Waste
The clarification of laundry waste is dirt
Water soluble dirt is dirt that can be wash
off when it rinsed by water with or without
detergent (Table 1), Dirt the dissolved to
solvent is hard to washed off and oftenly
can’t be lift completely (Table 2), and the
last is Dirt that need bleaching in cleaning
proces
Tabel 1. Easy water-solluble dirt
eggs
Protein
Pigment
Carbohydrate
Oil and fat
other's
Sauce
blood
faeces
Dust
Strach
Mineral oil
Vegetable oil
Urine
sugar
salt
Tabel 2. Hard water-solluble dirt
Natural Dye
Artificial Dye
fruits
Sauce
medicine
Blood
Industry Dye
3
Tabel 3. Dirt that need bleaching
Perklon
Fat
Oil
Paint
Vernish
Most of the dye
Biosand Filter
Biosand filter is a technology that
proved adaptable and able to survive in
developing country. BSF is pretty much
resemble slow sand filter in a mean that
majority of the filtration and the turbidity
move happens in the peak of the sand layer
in its association with the decreasing size of
pores due to dismissal of granules particle.
This technology 99.99% typhoid’s bacteria
eliminator (Murcott & Lucas, 2002)
In image 2 is a unit biosand active
carbon filter used in the study.
Image 2. Biosand Filter
The mechanism in eliminating
contaminant in biosand filter
In biosand filter there is some
mechanism in eliminating contaminants in
waste water. Those mechanisms such as
(Huisman, 2004) :
The first is mechanical straining the
filtering process of suspended particles that
are too large to pass through the holes
between the grains of sand. This process
occurs on the surface of the filter.
The
second
mechanism
is
sedimentation, this process is a process to
precipitate suspended particles finer pore
size of the holes on the surface of the
granules.
The third mechanism is adsorption, this
process is the most important because it
eliminates the colloidal article derived from
organic and inorganic materials that are not
sedimented.
The fourth mechanism is biological
activity,
this
process
involves
a
microbiologist who lives in the filter.
Microorganisms naturally found in raw
water through the filter and when it can be
retained on filter granular (Azwarali, 2012).
Biosand filter activated carbon has
advantage and disadvantages. Several
advantages such as:
Effective because biosan filter is a
treatment institution that can independent as
well as to improve the water quality of the
physical, chemical, biological and even may
eliminate pathogenic bacteria but with the
provision of operation and maintenance of
the filter is done properly and correctly.
Cheap because Basically slow sand
filter need no energy dan chemical material,
also filter.
Simple Because the operation and the
maintenance low in cost, also it doesn’t need
specialized operator so its fit to be use in
rural, specially in developing country.
Meanwhile that disadvantages this unit
such as:
Too sensitive with the variation of
standard pH water, the sedimentation period
take pretty long, thus the filtration period
also take time if in big capacity, because of
the washing generally done manually so it
take many man power, but it’s lighter in
smaller scale
Activated carbon
Activated Carbon is an amorf carbon
that mostly consists of free carbon also have
high adsorbility. Activated Carbon used as
bleach, gas trapper, logam trapper, etc.
(Rahayu, 2004).
In image 3 is a activated carbon that is
used for study.
Image 3. Activated carbon
4
quality requirements of activated carbon can
be seen in Table 4 below :
Table 4. Requirment of Quality
Activated Carbon
This happens because the carbon surface is
considered heterogeneous, so that only a few
types of substances that can be adsorbed by
the more active parts of the surface, which is
called the active center.
No
Type of test
Unit
Requirment
1
Missing
piece on
heating 950
⁰C
%
Maks 25
2
Water
%
Maks 15
3
Ash
Partt into
charcoal
Absorption
of a solution
of I ₂
%
%
Maks 2,5
Tidak
ternyata
Meanwhile factors that affect the
adsorption is as follows:
Physical and chemical characteristics of
the adsorbent, such as: surface area pore
size, chemical composition.
Physical and chemical characteristics of
adsorbate, among others: the molecular size,
polarity moleku; chemical composition.
Adsorbate concentration in liquid phase.
Adsorbtion time system
mg/g
Maks 750
In Table 5 below can be seen several
uses of activated charcoal as:
4
5
(Source : SNI No 06-3730-1995)
Coconut shell is a fine material to be made
as activated carbon that used as adsorbance.
Not only for it hardness, but also because
it’s not too thick so it possible the adsorbing
to work evenly.
Activated carbon able to adsorb both
organic and anorganic compound, but the
mechanism of the adsorbing still unclear to
resolve. The adsrobing mechanism that
known until now is adsrobance of fenol
grous and aldehid aromatis and its derivate.
The compound of fenol-aldehid and the
compound that adsorbed by carbon
happened because of donor-accpetor
electron phenomenon. The carbonil group
on the surface of carbon act as electron
donor. Because this happened, the core of
benzene will tied with the carbonil group on
this surface :
With the micro pores between particles
are very numerous on activated carbon, will
cause that led to the gejela capillary
adsorption. In addition, the pore size
distribution is an important factor in
determining the ability of activated carbon
adsorption. For example, the size 20
angsrtom can be used to eliminate the
mixture of taste and smell, just more
effective for cleaning the gas, while the size
of 20-100 angstrom effective to absorb the
color.
At varying conditions apparently only
partially surface having absorptive capacity.
Table 5. The use of activated carbon
for liquid substance
No
1
2
purpose
Food and
pharmateucal
factory
Beverage and
alcohol
3
Petroleum
chemistry
4
Water cleaning
5
Shrimp cultivation
6
Cleaning of waste
water
7
Reused dyes
(Sources : anonim, 2009)
use
Filter and
remove color,
odor, and bad
taste
Remove color
and odor
Refining of raw
material,
intermediating
substance
Filter odor,
colors, pollutant,
and as protector
of resing in
refining water
Purification and
remove odor and
colors
Setting and
cleaning waste
water and
pollutant, color,
odor, and heavy
metal
Withdrawal of a
variety of
solvents,
residual
methanol, ethyl,
etc.
5
Activated carbon making process
Chracoal process, this process is the
formation of charcoal raw materials. In
general, perfect carbonation is heating raw
materials in the absence of air, to a
temperature high enough to dry and
evaporate in carbon compounds. The results
obtained are usually less active and have a
surface area of only a few square meters
pergram.
Acitvation process is the conversion of
the low absorptive capacity of carbon into
carbon that has a high absorptive capacity.
To increase the surface area and obtain
porous carbon, activated carbon using hot
steam, carbon dioxide gas with temperature
between 700 - 1100 ⁰ C, or addition of
mineral materials as activator. In addition,
activation also serves to expel tar attached to
the surface and pores of the carbon.
Activation raise internal wide area, resulting
in a large volume, derived from the small
capillaries, and change in the surface pore
structure (Mifbakhuddin 2010).
Biological Oxygen Deman (BOD)
BOD is a characteristic that showing the
amount of dissolved ocygen needed by
microorganism to decomposing organic
matter in aerobic condition (Umaly dan
Cuvin, 1998; Metcalf & Eddy, 1991).
Based on South Sulawesi Governor
Decree Number 14 Year 2003 Quality
Standard BOD value given for the detergent
industry wastewater was 75 mg / l
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
COD is the amount of oxygen required
to oxidize organic compounds in water, so
the COD parameter reflects the amount of
organic compounds that are chemically
oxidized. COD test is used to calculate the
levels of organic matter that may oxidized
using strong oxidizing chemicals in acidic
media (Metcalf & Eddy, 1991).
Based on South Sulawesi Governor
Decree Number 14 Year 2003 Quality
Standard COD value given for the detergent
industry wastewater is 160 mg / l.
Total Suspended Solid
TSS is one of the parameters used to
measure water quality. TSS measurements
based on the weight of Kerin particles
trapped by the filter, usually with specific
pore size. Commonly used filter has a pore
size of 0.45 lm (Seandy Laut Biru, 2013).
The content of TSS has a close
relationship with water transparency. The
presence of suspended solids will prevent
light penetration into the water. The
presence of suspended solids can still have a
positive impact if it does not exceed the
tolerance distribution suspense water quality
standards set by the Ministry of
Environment that is 70 mg / l (Seandy Laut
Biru, 2013).
Based on South Sulawesi Governor
Decree Number 14 Year 2003 Quality
Standard TSS Value given for liquid
industrial waste detergent is 60mg / l..
Phosphate
Phosphate is a polyatomic ion or radical
consisting of one phosphorus atom and four
oxygen. Phosphate is the only mineral
products (excluding water) that has a cycle,
the element phosphorus in nature adsorbed
by living things, phosphate compounds in
tissues hifup beings who have died and then
accumulates and decomposes in the sea
sedimented (Wartapedia, 2010).
The presence of excess phosphate in
water bodies causes a phenomenon called
eutrophication. To prevent such occurrences,
the waste water to be disposed of must be
processed first to reduce the phosphorus
content up to a certain value. In the
processing of phosphate waste ait can
disisihakan with physico-chemical processes
and biological. Several studies aside to make
innovations in the phosphate compounds
have been carried out (Masduqi, A. 2000).
Laundry wastes containing high
phosphate. phosphate is derived from
Sodium Tripoly Phosphate (STPP) which is
one of the ingredients in detergents. STPP
has a function as a builder which is the
second most important element after
surfactant because of its ability to eliminate
the hardness minerals in the water so that the
detergent can work with optimal. Excessive
PO4 in the water body will result in
eutrophication. Eutrophication is the
environmental problems that result in
damage to the aquatic ecosystem especially
in fresh water where the plants grow very
6
fast compared to normal growth (Subroto,
1996).
Based on South Sulawesi Governor
Decree No. 14 of 2003 Top Quality
Standard Phosphate given for liquid
industrial waste detergent is 1 mg / l.
This type of research is to be carried
out experimental research, which is followed
by the analysis of samples in the laboratory
to determine the ability of domestic
wastewater treatment with Activated Carbon
Filter biosand technology to stage BOD,
COD, TSS, and Phosphate in wastewater
effluent laundry (Bung Laundry).
With the study location Bung Laundry,
Makassar Is where the sample been taken.
The water laundry located around bung
street, perintis kemerdekaan, makassar
Ministry of Health health polytechnic
Makassar. Is where the Biosand filter –
activated carbon tool made.
Laboratory
Polytechnic
Makassar
Health Department Environmental Health. Is
where the analysis of water samples to
determine the value of BOD, COD, TSS,
and Phosphate.
Tools and materials
Biosand filter – Activated carbon
Length : 30 cm
Width : 30 cm
Height : 100 cm
Media total height
: 70 cm
Hoggin
: 10 cm
Fine sand
: 10 cm
gravel
: 30 cm
Activated carbon
: 20 cm
 Freeboard
: 30 cm
Media dimension :
 Fine sand
: 0,25 mm
( > 50% pass filter No.200 )
 Hoggin
: 0,85 mm
( < 50% pass filter No. 200 )
 gravel
:6 mm
( 6 mm – 15 mm )
 activated carbon : 1mm
(Sources : Cony Puspitahati, Studi
Kinerja Biosand Filter dalam Mengolah
Limbah Laundry).
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
image 4. Media fine sand (a), hoggin (b),
gravel (c), and activated carbon (d)
Reservoir that is used is a jerrycan with ±
20 liter capacity water reservoir as a result
of filtration and jerrycans with a capacity of
± 20 liters are used to place raw water to be
treated.
In image 5 is used in study resvoir
Image 5. Reservoir
Implementation of this study consisted
of three phases. These stages are as follows:
First is media preparation, Media that
has been sifted according to the diameter of
the grain, then washed. The goal is to wash
the dirt contained in the filtration media
disappear. After that the media dried using
an oven at 105 ⁰ C to be sterile media.
The second stage is Biosand filter –
activated carbon preparation. BS-CA unit is
rectangular unit made of glass 0.6 mm. glass
used in the manufacture of this unit aims to
biofilm formation and filtration process can
be seen visually. Before the filtration the
media is inserted into the unit, the unit in the
ready to use. Once the unit is ready, then the
filter is inserted into each of BSF units,
where each unit has a different media height.
The third stage is Tool Calibration
Before being filled with laundry wastewater,
BS-CA unit is first necessary to support the
calibration of the system to be used for
sewage treatment. The calibration phase
begins with determining the flow rate to be
7
used for waste water by opening the tap on
specific openings and store water output in a
measuring cup until the desired flow rate is
obtained. Once the flow rate is obtained, the
water will flow according to usual procedure
for a one-day trial. determination of the flow
rate contained in image 6 below.
image 6. Tool calibration
The last stage is Sample Testing /
Laboratorium analysis. Raw water that used
as the object of study is taken from the rest
of the laundry waste and tested in laboratory
Polytechnic Makassar Health Department of
Environmental Health to determine the
content of each concentration of BOD,
COD, TSS, and phosphates contained in the
waste water contained in water use the waste
using methods as shown in Table 6 And can
be be seen in image 7, the difference
between before and after the treatment of
waste.
Image 7. Inlet and Outlet of waste
Table 6. analysis parameter method
No
1
2
3
4
Parameter
BOD
COD
TSS
Fosfat
method
Winkler
spectrophotometri
photometri
spectrophotometri
Operating procedures Biosand Filter
Activated carbon
For the first wastewater from industrial
laundry poured into the reservoir with a
volume of 20 liters ± that is located higher
than the reactor.
The second stage waste from the
reservoir flows into the reactor using a hose.
The height of the waste in the reactor is
maintained ± 5 cm above the top of the the
media.
The third is outlet 2 taps on the reactor
was opened slowly to allow air to exit and
wastes can fill each layer the media. When
the waste has been filling the the media
layer made arrangements faucet openings
outlet 2.
Fourth step, when the reactor operates,
samples were taken to measure the content
of BOD, COD, TSS, and Phosphate.
The last, tests conducted at the outlet
once every 2 days for 1 week and three
times a day so the total research trial is 18
days.
Below in image 8 are sketches of
biosand filter activated carbon
Image 8. Sketch of Biosand Filter
Activated carbon
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Water waste before treatment
In this study, we used Biosand Filter
Carbon Active reactor to decrease the
concentration of phosphate from laundry
waste, where the waste come from a laundry
service “Bung laundry”, located at Bung St.,
Perintis kemerdekaan km 6, Makassar. The
8
result of domestic waste before processing
showed in table 7.
Table 7. Waste water before treatment
Parameter
Experiment
unit
result
Satndard
quality
governor
decree No.14
yr. 2003
BOD
I
II
mg/l
125
275
75
COD
III
I
II
III
TSS
I
II
III
PO4
II
mg/l
mg/l
I
III
300
430
364
257
269
315
346
10,9
= Discharge (m³/hr)
= filtration rate (m/s)
= filter surface (m²)
Filtration rate calculation is obtained as
follows:
= 144 l/day = 6 l/hr 0,006 m³/hr
= 0,09 m²
160
So :
60
30,35
mg/l
Where:
1
0,19
(Source : Hasil analisis Lab. Poltekkes
Makassar, 2013)
Concentration of BOD ( I = 125 mg/l, II =
275 mg/l, dan III = 300 mg/l) detected above
the standard written in the governor of south
sulawesi decree no. 14 yr. 2003.
Concentration of COD, TSS, and phosphate
that detected also above the standard quality,
concentration of COD ( I = 430 mg/l, II =
364 mg/l, dan III = 257 mg/l and standard
quality of 160 mg/l), concentration of TSS (
I = 269 mg/l, II = 315 mg/l, dan III = 346
mg/l and standard quality of 60 mg/l), and
concentration of PO4 or phosphate( I =
30,35 mg/l, II = 10,9 mg/l, dan III = 0,19
mg/l and standard quality of 1 mg/l). high
concentration of BOD is an indication that
organic substance has pollute the
environment.
Processing the water waste begin with
microorganism growth period for 12 days.
After biofilm grow, the processing then start
in 12th day by pouring the water waste
continuously for 6 days and do it over again
for same period of time until three times
experiment.
Filter operation continue for 6 days with
continuous flow of water. Flow rate is set on
valve opening by keeping the filtration rate
at 0,144 m³/hr. calculation can be seen in the
equation below (equation 1) :
……………………… (1)
Discharge can be known by measuring the
volume water of outlet in a measuring cup
per time unit (minute).
Processing result
Below are the results of observations
and laboratory analysis of BOD, COD, TSS,
and Phosphate:
Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD)
Analitycal result of BOD’s
concentration in laundry water waste and
after the processing also the effectivity of
eliminating BOD as showed in table 8.
Table 8. Effectivity of BOD’s
elimination
No
1
2
3
Operati
ng time
(day)
BOD
before
(mg/l)
0
2
4
6
0
2
4
6
0
2
4
6
125
125
125
125
275
275
275
275
300
79
62
46
132
69
35
-
300
300
300
64
50
42
BOD
after
(mg/l)
effectivi
ty (%)
36.80
50.40
63.20
52.00
74.91
87.27
78.67
83.33
86.00
Quality
standar
d (mg/l)
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
(source : Hasil analisis Lab. Poltekkes
Makassar, 2013)
Result analysis shows that the BOD
Waste Laundry before processing exceeds
quality standards established and after the
BOD values processing meets the
requirements for which industrial use of
9
detergent. The lowest value of 42 mg / l on
day6.
Laundry wastewater BOD concentration
overall decreased uniformly from 79.00 mg /
l on day 2 to 46 mg / l on day 6 as well as on
perobaan to II and III decreased regularly.
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Analytical result of the COD’s
concentration in laundry water waste and
after the processing the effectivity of
eliminating COD as showed in table 9
on day 2 to 20 mg / l on day 6 as well as on
perobaan to II and III decreased regularly
Table 10. TSS’ elimination effectivity
No
I
II
III
Operating
time (day)
COD
before
(mg/l)
COD
after
(mg/l)

(%)
Satndard
quality
(mg/l)
0
2
4
6
430
430
430
116
43
73.02
90.00
160
160
160
430
29
93.26
160
0
2
364
364
103
71.70
160
160
4
364
364
46
37
87.36
89.84
160
160
257
257
257
186
98
27.63
61.87
160
160
160
257
66
74.32
160
6
0
2
4
6
(source : analysis result. Lab. Poltekkes
Makassar, 2013)
Result analysis shows that COD
Laundry Waste before processing exceeds
quality standards established and COD
values after processing has met the
requirements for the industrial use of
detergent. The lowest value of 29 mg / l on
day 6.
Laundry wastewater COD concentration
as a whole has decreased regularly from 116
mg / l on day 2 to 29 mg / l on day 6 as well
as in experiments II and III there is a regular
decrease.
3.
Total Suspended Solid
Analytical result of TSS’ concentration in
laundry water waste and after the processing
also the effectivity in eliminating TSS as
showed in table 10.
Result analysis shows that TSS Waste
Laundry before processing exceeds quality
standards established and after the
processing of TSS has met the requirements
for the industrial use of detergent. The
lowest value of 20 mg / l on day 6.
Laundry wastewater TSS concentration
overall decreased uniformly from 67 mg / l
TSS
before(m
g/l)
0
269
269
67
75.09
60
60
269
269
53
20
80.30
92.57
60
60
315
315
315
195
51
38.10
83.81
60
60
60
315
42
86.67
60
346
346
346
180
47
47.98
86.42
60
60
60
346
32
90.75
60
2
4
6
0
I
2
4
6
II
table 9. COD’s effectivity elimination
No
Operatin
g time
(day)
0
2
4
6
III
TSS after
(mg/l)

(%)
Satndard
quality
(mg/l)
(Source : Analysis result of Lab. Poltekkes
Makassar, 2013)
4.
Phosphate
Analytical result of phosphate’s
concentration in laundry water waste and
after the processing also the effectivity in
eliminating phosphate as showed in table 11.
Table 11. PO4’s elimination effectivity
No
I
Operating
time (day)
PO4
before
(mg/l)
0
30.35
-
2
30.35
30.35
21.38
0.28
29.56
99.08
30.35
0.11
99.64
0
2
4
6
10.9
10.9
10.9
5.83
0.49
46.51
95.50
10.9
0.21
98.07
0
2
4
0.19
0.19
2.86
-1.41
0.19
0.07
63.16
1
1
1
6
0.19
0.02
89.47
1
4
6
II
III
PO4
after
(mg/l)

(%)
Standard
quality
(mg/l)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(Source : Analysis result of Lab.
Poltekkes Makassar, 2013)
Result analysis shows that PO4 laundry
waste before processing exceeds quality
standards established and after processing
PO4 value has met the requirements for the
industrial use of detergent. Lowest value of
0:02 mg / l on day 6 in the experiment to III.
Laundry wastewater PO4 concentrations
decreased regularly on trial for I and II, but
on day 2 in experiment III to this increased
concentration of saturated due to the unit
biosand activated charcoal filter. After
experiencing
reactivation
PO4
10
concentrations decreased back regularly.
And a decrease on day 6 III trials to be more
effective than the trial I and II.
Discussion
Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD)
study result showed that by using
biosand filter carbon active technology
weith flow rate 6 l/hr and using continuous
flow, water waste’s BOD level can be
decreased. The level of the BOD before the
process fluctuated to around 300 mg/l can be
decreased to 42 mg/l in day sixth.
Processing with effectivity about 86%, this
mean that the BSF effectivity until day
eighteenth is flawless. If its to be associated
with satndard quality in governor decree
no.14 yr. 2013 which is 75 mg/l, then the
result starting in day fourth already fulfill
the criteria. The elimination effectivity keep
on increasing to day sixth. Look in image 9
generally have high value of COD. As seen
in sample with amount of COD 257 mg/l –
430 mg/l before processing. It describe there
are many organic material contained in the
water waste.
Effectivity in elimination of COD
increase up to 93,26% on day sixth at
experiment III. The high value of
elimination showing that the processing has
working properly and effectively until day
sixth of the processing.
Analytical result in laboratorium show
that COD’s parameter on day fourth is 43
mg/l – 98 mg/l which fulfill the criteria of
standard quality demanded in governor’s
decree No.14 yr. 2003 which is 160 mg/l.
effectivity 74,32% to 93,26% met in day
sixth. This mean that the processing working
flawlessly and effective. as seen in image 10
below:
Efektivitas Penurunan COD
500
below
Konsentrasi COD (mg/l)
450
Efektivitas Penrunan BOD
300
Konsentrasi BOD (mg/l)
270
240
210
180
400
350
300
200
Percobaan II
150
Percobaan III
100
Baku Mutu
Percobaan I
50
120
Percobaan II
0
90
Percobaan III
60
Baku Mutu
150
Percobaan I
250
0
2
4
6
Waktu Pengoperasian ( Hari )
30
0
1
2
3
4
Waktu Pengoperasian (hari)
Image 9. BOD’s concentration reduction
effectiveness
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Chemical Oxygen Demand is amount of
oxygen needed by oxydator to oxydating
material/substance organic and anorganic in
one liter of water waste. COD’s banyaknya
oksigen yang dibutuhkan oksidator untuk
mengoksidasi bahan/zat organic dan
anorganik dalam satu liter air limbah.
COD’s concentration usually two times
bigger thatn BOD’s, because chemical
compound that can be oxydated cemically
bigger than biological oxidation. The bigger
the amount of BOD and COD, the higher the
level of pollution in a water (Manik, 2003).
Parameter of COD bery important
because its an indicator of water pollution.
the water that polluted by domestic waste
Image 10. COD’s concentration reduction
effectiveness
Total Suspended Solid
amount of TSS in sample before
processing is 180 mg/l – 315 mg/l, which
describe there is many sedimentation (mud)
and organic material that contained in the
water waste.
The analytical result in laboratorium
showing that the TSS’ parameter on day
fourth is 47 mg/l – 53 mg/l, this value has
met the demand in standard quality in
governor’s decree No.14 yr. 2003 (image
4.2) which is 60 mg/l. this showing that the
processing again has work an effective and
flawless work which is due to the processing
has been equipped with early sedimentation
hence quicken the decrease of suspended
solid.
The effectivity of TSS elimination
increase up to 92,57% on the day sixth. This
11
Efisiensi Penurunan TSS
360
330
Konsentrasi TSS (mg/l)
300
270
240
210
Percobaan I
180
Percobaan II
150
Percobaan III
120
Baku Mutu
90
been equipped with early sedimentation
hence quicken the decrease of phosphate.
The effectivity in TSS’ elimination
increase up to 92,57% on day second. The
high elimination concentration showing that
the processing worked finely until day
second. .
Phosphate’s elimination effectivity
increase up to 99,64% on day sixth. The
high level of the elimination concentration
meaning that the process has work
flawlessly until day sixth.
as seen in image 11 below:
Efektifitas Penurunan PO4
35
Konsentrasi PO4 (mg/l)
high concentration of elimination show that
the process works finely until day sixth
Laboratory analysis results indicate
that the parameters TSS day 4 was 47 mg / l
- 53 mg / l, this value meets quality
standards Kep. Gub 14 In 2003 (Figure 4.2)
is 60 mg / l. This suggests that the perfect
and effective for treatment comes with an
initial deposition of suspended solids and
therefore accelerate declines.
Effectiveness of TSS allowance
increased to 92.57% on day 6 processing.
Provision of high concentration showed that
the treatment has been running well until
day 6.
as seen in image 11 below:
30
25
20
Percobaan I
15
Percobaan II
10
Percobaan III
Baku Mutu
5
0
0
2
4
6
Waktu Pengoperasian (hari)
60
30
0
1
2
3
4
Waktu Pengoperasian (Hari)
Image 12. PO4’s concentration reduction
effectiveness
Image 11. TSS’ concentration reduction
effectiveness
Phosphate
Laundry water
waste
contained
chemical material with high concentration,
one of them is phosphate. This is due to
phosphate is the primary material in the
making of detergent (Rosariawarim 2010).
before the sample undergoing the
process the level of PO4 reach out until 0.19
mg/l – 30,35 mg/l , this describe how
corrupted the water because of the laundry
water waste. The increasing of concentration
also causing eutrofication, which is
enrichment of water with nutrients in the
form of organic materials needed by plants
(Effendi, 2003).
Analytical result in laboratorium show
that the parameter of PO4 on day fourth is
0,07 mg/l – 0,49 mg/l, which fulfill the
demand in governor’s decree No.14 yr. 2003
which is 1 mg/l. this showing that the
processing has did an effective and flawless
work which is due to the processing has
Conclussion
Based on the results of research and
discussion, it can be drawn a few
conclusions based on the research objectives
are as follows :
a. Based on the research, Activated carbon
filter unit biosand effective in lowering
the concentration of BOD, COD, TSS,
and thus Phosphate waste into
environmentally friendly laundry.
b. Laundry Wastewater Treatment with
Activated Carbon Filter Technology
biosand a flow rate of 6 l / h and a
continuous flow of effective use of the
allowance for BOD, COD, TSS, and
phosphate and can improve the quality
of wastewater :
1). BOD waste water can be derived
from the 125 mg / l - 300 mg / l to
42 mg / l - 46 mg / l. And
effectiveness of BOD allowance
has increased to 87.27% Maximum
Effectiveness
12
2). Parameter COD decreased from
257 mg / l - 430 mg / l to 29 mg / l 66 mg / l to 93.26% Effectiveness.
3). Parameters of total suspended
solids (TSS) during processing
decreased
from
pre-treatment
values 269 mg / l - 346 mg / l to 20
mg / l - 42 mg / l with the highest
allowance The effectiveness with
value 92.57%.
4). Parameters PO4 concentrations
experienced drop in regularly on
the first and second trial on the
value of 30.35 mg / l to 0.11 mg / l
and 10.9 mg / l to 0.21 mg / l. But
in the third trial of activated
charcoal to burn out until PO4
concentrations initially increased to
0.19 mg / l and 2 menjdi on the day
to 2.86%. After having reactivation back PO4 concentrations
decreased regularly in day 4 0.07
mg / l and 6 days to 0.02 mg / l
with highest effectiveness 99.64%.
5). With the ability biosand Activated
carbon filter is in reducing
ketercemaran and can prevent the
negative impact caused by waste
water effluent residual laundry
process.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ahmad J., dan El-Dessouky H. 2008. Design
of a Modified Low Cost Treatment
System for The Recycling and Reuse
of Laundry Waste Water.
Huisman, L., 2004, Slow Sand Filter 2nd
Edition,
Delft
University
of
Technology,
KEPUTUSAN GUBERNUR SULLAWESI
SELATAN NOMOR 14 Tahun 2003.
2003. BAKU MUTU LIMBAH CAIR
UNTUK
INDUSTRI
SABUN
DETERGEN DAN PRODUK –
PRODUK
MINYAK
NABATI.
Gubernur Sulawesi Selatan, Makassar
____________________________________
_____________________.2003.
PENGELOLAAN, PENGENDALIAN
PENCEMARAN
AIR,
UDARA,
PENETAPAN
BAKU
MUTU
LIMBAH CAIR, BAKU MUTU
UDARA AMBIEN DAN EMISI
SERTA
BAKU
TINGKAT
GANGGUAN KEGIATAN YANG
BEROPERASI
DI
PROPINSI
SULAWESI SELATAN. Gubernur
Sulawesi Selatan, Makassar
KEPUTUSAN
MENTERI
NEGARA
LINGKUNGAN HIDUP NOMOR
KEP51/MENLH/10/1995.1995.
BAKU MUTU LIMBAH CAIR BAGI
KEGIATAN
INDUSTRI.
Menteri
Lingkungan Hidup, Jakarta
Yunita, Afri, 2011. “Pengaruh Kadar
Deterjen Dalam Air Terhadap Gerak
Operkulum Ikan”