Naval Reserve Center, Damage Control
Fort McHenry
1201 Halsey Place
Baltimore, Maryland
31 March 2004
Prepared for:
Naval Sea Systems Command
SEA 05P4
Introduction: Naval Reserve Center Damage Control Training Functional Requirements ..1
DC Training Evolution Evaluation Series Procedures
A. Approach ................................................................................................................................1
B. Objective ...............................................................................................................................2
C. DC Training Evolution Evaluation Objectives ......................................................................3
D. Training Director and Assistant Training Director/Technical Assistant ...............................3
E. Damage Control Training Safety Guidelines .........................................................................4
F. DC Training Teams Functional Assignments ........................................................................6
G. General Human Factor Comments.........................................................................................6
H. Damage Control Equipment Maintenance and Control .........................................................7
Appendix A. DCETF Damage Control Equipment/Tool Check Out Log ...............................8
Introduction: Naval Reserve Center Damage Control Training Functional Requirements
Damage control training functional requirements are conducted to maintain the required response reaction times to casualties. In the event of a casualty, when personnel assigned aboard ship must attempt to: preserve stability; preserve watertight integrity (buoyancy); control list and trim; effect rapid repairs to compartments, platforms, vital systems and equipment; counteract effects of fire and atmospheric degradation; and facilitate the care of personnel casualties, damage control training functional requirements allow them to practice these task during training evolution exercises. The incorporation of technological advances to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of damage control are considered and are incorporated into these functional requirements and will be evaluated during training exercises at the Naval Reserve Center.
The training evolution evaluations conducted at the NRC DC Trainer/DCETF ship mock up will provide a reality learning curve on damage control functions in the shipboard compartments during a casualty scenario.
A. Approach
1.
This phase of the Naval Reserve Command’s training schedule will evaluate personnel effectiveness in the application and use of today’s shipboard DC procedures and specific equipment under realistic conditions using the damage control trainer (DCT) and the damage control engineering test facility
(DCETF), Naval Reserve Center, Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Maryland.
All 2004 DC training evolution evaluations conducted shall have the DC team indoctrinated prior to the commencement of the DC training evolution evaluation.
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Training Area: Individual and DC team training evolution evaluation responsibilities will be assigned.
Installed sensors will collect data/time records. Debriefs will be conducted to identify lessons learned.
Practical challenges for the DC training evolution evaluations appear deceptively simple. However, controlling and repairing simultaneous fire/smoke and flooding damage to an integrated system of compartments is a complex task. Methods for analysis will be developed and perfected as experience is gained throughout the Naval Reserve training cycle. Results will serve to improve functional damage control training capabilities in the simulated shipboard compartments at the NRC DC trainer/DCETF and provide a means to measure improvements. Results will also aid in providing a competent higher standard for training Naval Reserve personnel so that they will stand ready for any eventual shipboard assignments and be a proven asset to any command upon arrival.
2.
Instrumentation a.
Video camera b.
Digital camera c.
Hand held recorder d.
Various types of gages e.
Flow meters
3.
Safety
Prior to each DC training evolution evaluations series, the DC team leader assigned will develop a specific safety plan that includes responsibilities, communications, emergency egress and rescue.
The maximum number of DC repair team personnel in the DC trainer casualty compartment at any one time will be twelve (12) and in the DCETF casualty compartment (A-1, A-2, F-1) at any one time will be three (3). The portable first aid box will be maintained in DCRS 2 and the DCETF control room.
4.
Damage Control Training Procedures a.
Damage Control Training
References:

OPNAVINST 5100.19C, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for
Forces Afloat

NAVEDTRA 10572, Damage Controlman 3 & 2

NAVSEA S9086-CN-STM-020, Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 079 (V2)

NAVSEA S9086-CN-STM-000, Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 074 (V3)

NAVSEA S9086-S3-STM-010, Naval Ships’ Technical Manual (NSTM) 555
 Manufacturer’s Technical Manuals for the PHARS, PECU, WIFCOM, NFTI, Smoke Generator,
Portable Generator, Portable Air Compressor, Installed Air Compressors, Sound System and
Portable Pumps

DCETF Operating Instructions

Damage Control and Firefighting Equipment Layout Booklet, NAVSEA SS-100-AG-MAN-010
B. Objective
1.
The objective is to conduct the damage control training evolution evaluation events in a safe and efficient manner and to effectively train Naval Reserve personnel in the least amount of time. This includes the prior break out and setting up of DC facilities equipment, running fire hoses, making connections, energizing systems, filling tanks, lining up systems for the scenario, charging systems in the mock-ups and establishing the requirement options that will optimize the damage control and firefighting facilities (F-1 trainer) and its effectiveness in the training scenarios at the NRC DC trainer/DCETF. All tools and equipment used for these evolutions are to be strictly controlled by the training director and the assistant training director/technical assistant.
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2.
Training objectives are used to establish and maintain a baseline in reality training by providing a measure of effectiveness for combating various types of shipboard underwater hull breech damage scenarios, associated internal piping casualties in an actual flooding environment and for the set up/operation of all DC emergency equipment associated with each training exercise scenario as specified in NSTM 079 (V2). Additionally, training objectives aid in providing reality training in a shipboard environment for smoke control and personnel response in a high heat environment scenario as specified in NSTM 555, Shipboard Firefighting.
C. DC Training Evolution Evaluation Objectives
1.
The following damage control training evolution evaluations will be conducted by DC teams: a.
Plugging Team Operations b.
Shoring Team Operations (I and K) (may hold a 2nd job) c.
Pipe Patching Team Operations d.
P-100 Pump Team/Dewatering Operations e.
Electric Sub-Pump Team/Dewatering Operations f.
PHARS Team Operations/Forcible Entry Operations g.
Desmoking Team Operations
2.
Training Evolution Evaluation Safety Requirements a.
Damage Control Training Evolution Evaluation Exercises

Safety Pre-Brief: Describe the DC training evolution evaluation exercise safety precautions that are applicable to the training evolution evaluation exercises being conducted.

Safety Team Communications: Verbal b.
DC Training Evolution Evaluation Exercise Safety Brief Objectives

Function safely to control and stop flooding and other damage under simulated conditions by using flooded compartments to conduct emergency damage control operations.

Safety of personnel is of paramount importance throughout the preparation and training evolution evaluation exercise conducted at the DC trainer/DCETF.
This plan delineates those standards and procedures for minimizing the risk to personnel and provides for:

An effective organization to monitor and supervise the damage control equipment training evolution evaluation exercise.

Hazard identification and abatement, through preliminary background tests prior to Naval
Reserve Command’s personnel participation in training.
D. Training Director and Assistant Training Director/Technical Assistant
1.
Training Director:
Overall, the training director is responsible for the DC tools and equipment, for the safety of all personnel and for ensuring that NRC/DCETF training evolution evaluation exercises are conducted in a safe manner. Duties include: verifying the NRC/DCETF setup; securing of systems and their associated hardware; observing all personnel while on board the NRC’s DC trainer/DCETF to ensure safe evolutions; monitoring external conditions that will affect the evolution, such as wind speed, wind direction, weather changes (i.e., rain, thunder, lightning); and any other situation that will disrupt training. The training director shall maintain communications with damage control central and know the location of the corpsman in the event that he/she is needed. In the event of a mishap, the training director will take charge of the situation, notify the NRC office of the mishap and will position himself/herself to be able to observe the entire evolution and monitor the training evolution evaluation. The training director shall maintain strict control of all damage control equipment and tools. It shall be ensured that any tools and equipment removed from the immediate area are checked out in the Equipment/Tools
Control Log with the following information documented: item name, time, date, command, phone number, name, rate and signature of person checking out the item. At the conclusion of the training
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evolution, the training director shall coordinate with the assistant training director in securing the DC trainer/DCETF, which includes drying all spaces, securing valves, electrical switch controls, air system compressor power supplies and ventilation system switches. At the conclusion of the day, all spaces shall be locked.
2.
Assistant Training Director/Technical Assistant:
The assistant training director/technical assistant is responsible for the safe coordination of the NRC’s
DC trainer/DCETF training evolution. The assistant training director/technical assistant shall ensure that all personnel have a full understanding of operational and emergency procedures of the training evolution. The assistant training director/technical assistant will position himself/herself to be able to respond to an emergency and to maintain the safety of the personnel conducting the training evolution evaluation exercise. Duties consist of ensuring that the personnel are dressed-out in the proper safety equipment, that safety precautions are being observed and that personnel are briefed on the hazards associated with the training evolution evaluation exercise. At the conclusion of the training evolution, the assistant training director/technical assistant shall coordinate with the training director in securing the DC trainer/DCETF, which includes drying all spaces, securing valves, electrical switch controls, air system compressor power supplies and ventilation system switches. At the conclusion of the day, all spaces shall be locked.
The assistant training director shall be responsible for the operation of all DC equipment during the training evolution evaluation. The assistant training director shall maintain strict control of all damage control equipment and tools. It shall be ensured that any tools removed from the immediate area are checked out in the Equipment/Tools Control Log with the following information documented: item name, time, date, command, name rate and signature of person checking out the item.
E. Damage Control Training Safety Guidelines
1.
The training director, assistant training director/technical assistant shall review safety guidelines and will accomplish the following:

Review training evolution exercise plans and be thoroughly familiar with training objectives.

Familiarize themselves with the training area(s) and be cognizant of locations for possible trip hazards, obstructions, equipment operating procedures and safety precautions, instrumentation, stationary cameras, DC personnel protection and egress routes.

Inventory DCRS 2 (including passageway lockers) and DC test locker equipment. Ensure the appropriate equipment is available and operational to meet the training objectives and check out any item using the Equipment/Tools Control Log as required.

Inventory personal protective equipment (PPE) and distribute to training personnel. Ensure that all PPE is properly cleaned and dried after training and then restored.

Review DC trainer/DCETF layout.
Note: The training director will be free to move about the test area to observe the overall operation.

Review primary and secondary emergency egress routes.
2.
Termination Criteria
Normally, the training director will initiate termination of an evaluation. In the event that any DC team leader feels unsure or believes an unsafe condition exists, he/she may stop the exercise (blow whistle) in their area of responsibility and report to the training director the actions taken. The training director will then determine whether to continue or to terminate the exercise. Any time an individual has any apprehension concerning his or her personal safety or that of another, he or she will seek guidance from the senior DC team leader present and signal for a time out to clarify the situation and to receive or provide additional information as may be appropriate.
3.
Requirements
No more than twelve personnel will be allowed in the DC trainer compartment at one time. Personnel must wear appropriate personnel protective clothing and equipment. Electrical safety procedures and gloves must be worn by personnel using electrical equipment during DC evolutions. Use safety goggles
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for eye hazards (electrical saw). Ensure the proper use and safety of tools. Only one person on a ladder at a time and always use hand rails. Wear gloves while handling shores and during pipe patching operations.
4.
Safety For DC Training Evaluation a.
Personnel and Equipment: Personnel will be issued appropriate personnel protective clothing and equipment upon arrival at the NRC/DCETF. This equipment will be properly stowed within the
DCRS 2/DCETF. Repair personnel will work out of DCRS 2 and the DCETF locker.
5.
Safety Requirements a.
Prior to every training/evaluation evolution, a walkthrough should be performed to identify deficiencies with equipment and to allow for basic familiarization and orientation in the compartment arrangements where testing is to be conducted. During this time, the team should be encouraged to discuss the test, how to best attack it and make recommendations/suggestions for how to obtain the best performance and efficiency from the team. This walkthrough will allow an outstanding opportunity to perform test related training. The pre-test walkthrough should include:

Thorough description/discussion of the training/evaluation evolution.

Team outfitting in required clothing.

Entry to the area with all equipment needed.

Simulation of actions.

Exit from the compartment. b.
At the end of every training evolution there should be a “lessons learned” discussion/debrief.
Particular attention should be paid to any problems encountered with equipment or procedures.
Action items to correct known deficiencies should be written at this time. c.
Specific guidelines must be established and enforced, by the on site safety teams, to allow for termination of tests when appropriate. Every effort must be made to prevent an actual casualty.
6.
Mandatory Safety Requirements For Training Evolution/Evaluations a.
Following are mandatory safety requirements for each training evaluation event:

There will be one safety observer when personnel are in compartments.

Personnel participating in all tests must wear safety equipment, if necessary.

Personnel using electrical equipment during tests/evaluation evolutions must wear electrical gloves.

Safety goggles must be worn where eye hazards are present.

Proper and safe use of hand tools must be assured at all times.

One person on a ladder at a time and always use handrails.

When handling shores, gloves must be worn. When cutting shores, eye protection must be worn. b.
Safety observers must pay particular attention to the clothing/equipment the test team dons and uses.
If they observe persons having difficulty with breathing, restricted movement, evidence of disorientation or panic, immediate action must be taken to correct the situation. c.
Safety observers shall review equipment PM records routinely. In addition, observers must pay attention to specific tools and equipment being used to conduct the tests. Leaks in hoses, low water pressure, damaged tools or malfunctioning equipment must be quickly identified and corrective actions taken.
IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT NO DEFECTIVE EQUIPMENT BE PROVIDED OR USED FOR ANY
TRAINING EVOLUTION.
7.
General Safety Briefing For Training Evaluation Evolutions

Describe the test in detail.

Sight the test area for safety hazards/obstructions, etc.

Identify communications to be used.
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
Describe the objectives of the test.

Brief proper operation and use of each piece of equipment to be used in the training evolution.

Identify specific hazards related to the test and the equipment used.
 Discuss “time out”/“stop” training evolution.

Review training evolution procedures for terminating the evolution.

Review emergency rescue procedures.

Identify locations for first aid equipment and primary routes to medical aid station. (The first aid kit is placed in the central control room and DCRS 2.)

Review DC team positioning.
F. DC Training Teams Functional Assignments
1.
DC training team and number of personnel for DC task assignments: a.
(2) Plugging Team b.
(4) Shoring Team (I and K) (may hold a 2nd job) c.
(2) Pipe Patching Team d.
(4) P-100 Pump Team e.
(2) Electric Sub-Pump Team f.
(4) PHARS g.
(3) Desmoking Team
Dewatering
2.
The training director, assistant training director/technical assistant shall order the following equipment set up: a.
Cut shoring with power saw/hand saw on dry deck before taking timber into flooded compartment (use safety goggles when cutting with power saw)
G. General Human Factor Comments
1.
Ongoing observation/evaluation must be conducted to assure that all damage control equipment provided is adequate for use in the training evolution. Drink a lot of water and take frequent breaks (in hot weather) and stay warm to prevent severe hypothermia (in cold weather).
2.
During performance of these training evaluation series, lift and carry limitations for individuals could be easily exceeded. Care must be taken by the DC team leader regarding assignment of personnel to specific tasks.
3.
Adequate sizes and quantities of personnel protective equipment (PPE) must be immediately available.
Damage control firefighting clothing, OBA/SCBA’s, gloves, boots, etc, tend to run large and will be required by a potentially larger number of smaller stature personnel.
4.
DC team members must demonstrate the ability to don, fit test and operate an OBA/SCBA prior to use in any training evaluation where it is required. a.
Human Factor Requirements For Each Training Evaluation Evolution

Review training plan to identify risk/hazards.

Inventory DCRS 2 and DCETF locker storeroom equipment before/after training evolutions to ensure sufficient quantity of equipment to support training.

Inventory PPE, paying particular attention to sizes and quantities.

Brief proper lifting techniques for moving heavy objects (test electric davit).

Two personnel must handle equipment weighing over 42 lbs.
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Note: All DC team members should be thoroughly familiar with the identification, set up and use of each piece of equipment that will be used in a given training exercise. This is essential for the safety, function and time requirements when performing particular DC repair tasks. b.
Hull Plugging. This DC repair task is performed in a flooded compartment and requires the use of a plugging kit bag that weighs 59 pounds. Two personnel should be assigned to carry this bag to the casualty area. Once to the compartment, the DC team leader should be able to assign any task to any person without fear of exceeding lift/carry limitations. Care must be taken to assure that the actual area requires repair within the overhead or direct reach limits of the person assigned to perform the task. c.
Shoring. This DC repair task is performed using several pieces of relatively heavy equipment ranging in weight from 26 to 53 pounds. Since combined male/female lift and carry limits of 42 pounds are exceeded with the 4" x 4" x 12’ pieces of shoring material (53 pounds each), 2 personnel should be assigned to carry them due to their length. EXTREME CARE WILL BE
NECESSARY ON LADDERS.
The 7 x 11 foot steel shore also nears lift limits and would be better handled by 2 personnel. d.
Pipe Patching. This DC repair task requires the use of material that is relatively light in weight.
Note: DC team members should be cautioned that this procedure/kit requires the use of protective gloves. e.
Rigging the Portable P-100 Pump.
This DC task requires rigging one P-100 pump with all accessories on the 02 level and taking suction from compartment A-1 or the W-1 water tank and discharging back into the tank. Two personnel should be assigned to transport the pump on the cart to the location for lifting to the upper level and two personnel to operate the pump.
H. Damage Control Equipment Maintenance and Control
1.
All tools and equipment must be inventoried upon arrival at the NRC for weekend duty.
2.
DCETF storerooms: all tools must be checked out using the Equipment/Tools Control Log as required and signed for prior to use and before conducting DC exercises.
3.
All tools and equipment must be cleaned, dried and lubricated if required after each use.
4.
All fire protective equipment must be placed in a well ventilated area for drying.
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DATE/
TIME
Appendix A
NRC/DCETF DAMAGE CONTROL EQUIPMENT/TOOL CHECK OUT LOG
TOOL/EQUIPMENT PRINT NAME/RATE/TITLE/
SIGNATURE
COMMAND PHONE #
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