Name: _______________________________ Date: _________________ Period: ______
Study Guide: Chapter 14 – Groundwater
Circle or Underline the Correct Choice
The water table is at the top of which layer? - zone of aeration or zone of saturation
Which dissolved mineral is most common in hard water? – calcium, potassium, or
sodium
Which type of rock will make the best aquifer? – basalt, sandstone or slate
Where will one find the deepest water table? – desert, grassland, or swamp
What is formed when a stalagmite and stalactite meet? – pillar, riser or stand
What is the permeability of rocks with few to no pores? – permeable or impermeable
What characteristic determines the amount of water that ground can store? – subsidence,
porosity, or permeability
Which of the following locations will not have a zone of aeration? – desert, grassland, or
swamp
What is the upper layer of rock in an artesian formation? – aquifer, cap rock, or keystone
What is created as steam rises through silt or acidic water mixes with clay? – fumarole,
hot spring, or mudpot
Which of the following is an income of the water budget? – rain, evaporation, or run off
Which is an example of water budget spending? – evaporation, rain, or snow
What fills the pore spaces in the zone of saturation? – air, oil or water
What moist area of soil lies immediately above the water table? – bedrock, capillary
fringe, or topsoil
What is it called when the level of ground drops as water is removed from the soil? –
recession, salinization, or subsidence
Hard water can stain your drains and faucets. What does the residue of hard water look
like? – greasy tar, gummy sludge or chalky powder
Water from an artesian formation that is far from the water source will be ___________.
cold & shallow
cold & deep
hot & shallow
hot & deep
Which formation hangs from the ceiling? – stalactite or stalagmite
What are regions of calcite bedrock that are characterized by sinkholes and lost rivers?
artesian fronts
karst topography
sedimentary escarpments
Organic material called humus is found in this layer. - capillary fringe, mid-layer, or
surface soil
What size grains are found in impermeable rocks? – fine, medium, or large
How are the permeable and impermeable rock layers arranged in an artesian formation?
Top Layer
____________________
Middle Layer
____________________
Bottom Layer
____________________
Match the Term with its Definition
______ aquifer
A. hot, highly acidic groundwater
______ artesian formation
B. permeable rock that transports ground water
______ fumarole
C. column of water shot from a hot spring
______ geyser
D. water flowing down a hillside
______ mudpot
E. steam released from ground fissures
______ spring
F. permeable rock between impermeable layers
Circle or Underline if the statement is True or False
True or False If porosity is high, permeability likely will be low.
True or False The zone of aeration is above the zone of saturation.
True or False Rounded rocks will have less pore space than round rocks.
True or False Artesian water is typically harder than groundwater.
True or False The water table is closer to the surface in valleys than in hills.
True or False Warm water dissolves more minerals than cold water.
True or False Poorly sorted soils have less pore space than well sorted soils.
Be prepared to explain the following concepts.
1. The formation of a desert oasis from an artesian formation
2. How pumice has large pores yet remains impermeable
3. Compare and contrast porosity and permeability
4. The depth of an ordinary well
Define each month of the water budget as a period of recharge (R), surplus (S), usage
(U), or deficit (D). Assume that the soil can hold a maximum of 100 mm of water and
that the soil is completely saturated at the end of April.
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
Supply
90
60
60
55
80
120
85
80
Need
60
75
105
125
85
70
55
40
Supply
minus need
30
Water in Soil
100
Water
Budget
Section
S