Самостоятельная аудиторная работа
Text: The Respiratory System.
Breathing is so vital to life that it happens automatically. Each day, you breathe about 20,000
times. All of this breathing couldn't happen without the respiratory system, which includes the
nasal cavity, throat (pharynx), larynx, windpipe (trachea), and lungs. At the top of the respiratory
system, the nostrils bring air into the nose, where it's warmed and humidified.
Air can also be taken in through the mouth. These two openings of the airway (the nasal
cavity and the mouth) meet at the pharynx. The pharynx is part of the digestive system as well as
the respiratory system because it carries both food and air.
At the bottom of the pharynx, this airway divides in two, one for food, which leads to the
stomach and the other, the larynx, for air. The trachea extends downward from the base of the
larynx. It lies partly in the neck and partly in the chest cavity.
The lungs are two in number, placed one each side within the thorax, and separated from
each other by the heart and other contents. The two pleural sacs cover the lungs. The substance
of the lung is a light, spongy texture; it floats in water, and is highly elastic. The surface is
smooth, shining, and formed into areas called the lobes of the lungs. At birth the lungs are
pinkish-grey in colour; in adult life their colour is dark slate-grey. The right lung usually weighs
about 625 gm., the left 587gm. The lungs are heavier in the male than in the female. Each lung is
conical in shape.
1
Vocabulary:
1. Познакомьтесь со словами из текста.
1. respiratory system
1.дыхательная система
2. breathe
2. дышать
3. include
3.включать в себя
4. windpipe (trachea)
4. трахея
5. humidified
5. увлажняется
6. airway
6. воздушный путь
7. digestive system
7. пищеварительная система
8. thorax
8.грудная клетка
9. bronchi (plural).
9. бронхи
10. pleural sacs
10. плевральные мешочки
11. spongy
11. губчатая
12. texture
12. строение, структура
13. smooth
13. гладкая
14. pinkish-grey
15. slate-grey
14. розовато-серый
15.синевато-серый
2. Догадайтесь о значении слов с помощью диаграммы и запишите перевод.
1. pleura
…………………………………………
2. left lung
………………………………………………….
3. pharynx
………………………………………………….
4. upper lobe ………………………………………………….
5. larynx
6. trachea
…………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………
7. right lung …………………………………………..............
8. oral cavity ………………………………………………….
9. bronchus …………………………………………………
10. lower lobe ………………………………………………....
11. nasal cavity…………………………………………………
12. middle lobe ………………………………………………..
3. Приведите в соответствие транскрипции со словами из задания 2.






[ˈ Λ pər ˈloʊb]
[midlˈloʊb]
[ˈlærɪŋ(k)s ]
[ˈləʊə ˈloʊb ]
[trə’kiːə ]
[ˈraɪt ˈl Λ ŋ]






[ˈɔrəl ˈkævəti]
[ˈleft ˈl Λ ŋ ]
[ˈbrɑŋkəs]
[ˈfærɪŋ(k)s ]
[ˈplʊə rə ]
[ˈneɪzəl ˈkævəti]
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Лексико-грамматические задания
Вариант 1.
I. Вставьте пропущенные слова, и переведите предложения.
nasal, spongy, pinkish-grey, elastic, respiratory, conical, right, smooth,
pleural, numerous, left, lungs, airway, slate-grey, male
1.
2.
3.
4.
The ___________ system includes the nasal cavity, throat, larynx, windpipe, and lungs.
The substance of the lung is a light, ____________, texture.
The lungs are heavier in the ________than in the female.
At the bottom of the pharynx, this ______ divides in two..
II. Запишите сравнительные степени следующих прилагательных и переведите их:
Adjectives(прилагательные)
Comparatives
(сравнительная степень)
Superlatives
(превосходная степень)
1. spongy
2. elastic
III. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What are the essential organs of respiration?
2. Where are the lungs placed?
3. What is the substance of lungs?
IV. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным членам предложений и переведите
утвердительные предложения.
1.
Breathing is vital to life.
2.
The right lung usually weighs about 625 gm.
3.
The surface of a lung is formed into areas called the lobes of the lungs.
4.
Breathing happens automatically.
5.
The lungs are heavier in the male than in the female.
6.
The surface of a lung is formed into the lobes of the lungs.
7.
Each lung is conical in shape.
8.
The lungs are placed one each side within the thorax.
9.
Each day you breathe about 20,000 times.
3
Лексико-грамматические задания
Вариант2.
I. Вставьте пропущенные слова, и переведите предложения.
nasal, spongy, pinkish-grey, elastic, respiratory, conical, right, smooth,
pleural, numerous, left, lungs, airway, slate-grey, male
1.
2.
3.
4.
It floats in water, and is highly _________.
The two __________ sacs cover the lungs.
At birth the lungs are __________in colour.
In adult life their colour is dark ________.
II. Запишите сравнительные степени следующих прилагательных и переведите их:
Adjectives(прилагательные)
Comparatives
(сравнительная степень)
Superlatives
(превосходная степень)
1. conical
2. smooth
III. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What is the airway used for?
2. What does the lung surface look like?
3. What is the colour of lungs at birth and in adult life?
IV. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным членам предложений и переведите
утвердительные предложения.
1. At birth the lungs are pinkish-grey in colour.
2. The lungs are separated from each other by the heart and other contents.
3. The respiratory system includes the nasal cavity, throat, larynx, windpipe, and lungs.
4. At the top of the respiratory system the nostrils bring air into the nose.
5. Air can also be taken in through the mouth.
6. The surface of a lung is smooth and shining.
7. The nasal cavity and the mouth meet at the pharynx.
8. The pharynx carries both food and air.
9. At the bottom of the pharynx this airway divides in two parts.
4
Лексико-грамматические задания
Вариант3.
I. Вставьте пропущенные слова, и переведите предложения.
nasal, spongy, pinkish-grey, elastic, respiratory, conical, right, smooth,
pleural, numerous, left, lungs, airway, slate-grey, male
1.
2.
3.
4.
The _________lung usually weighs about 625 gm.
The surface is _________, shining, and formed into areas called the lobes of the lungs.
Each lung is _________ in shape.
The __________ are two in number, placed one each side within the thorax.
II. Запишите сравнительные степени следующих прилагательных и переведите их:
Adjectives(прилагательные)
Comparatives
(сравнительная степень)
Superlatives
(превосходная степень)
1. numerous
2. high
III. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What does the airway consist of?
2. What is the weight of right and left lungs?
3. What is the shape of lungs?
IV. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным членам предложений и переведите
утвердительные предложения.
1. The trachea extends downward from the base of the larynx.
2. The substance of the lung is a light, spongy texture.
3. Air can also be taken in through the mouth.
4. In adult life the lung colour is dark slate-grey.
5. The surface of a lung is formed into areas called the lobes of the lungs.
6. It lies partly in the neck and partly in the chest cavity.
7. Air can also be taken in through the mouth.
8. The two pleural sacs cover the lungs.
9. The lung is highly elastic.
5