Worley Honors Biology Energy Unit
--Test Tuesday Dec 13 Period 1
--Test Wednesday Dec 14 Periods 4 & 6
What do you need to study?
--Chapter 5 HW I & II
--Chapter 6 HW I & II
--Respiration Webquest
--Photosynthesis Webquest
--Review Sheet (Some questions eliminated, check key on website)
--Keys will be posted on website under class materials
--Respiration Flow Chart
--Photosynthesis Flow Chart (Below)
--What do you need to be able to do?
--Write the balanced photosynthesis & respiration reactions from memory
--Diagram ATP becoming ADP and releasing energy, and vice versa
--Be able to identify reactions as endergonic (energy goes into the reaction and is stored
in a chemical bond), or exergonic (energy is released in the reaction
--photosynthesis (endergonic)
--respiration (exergonic)
--ATP ADP + P (exergonic)
--ADP+ P  ATP (endergonic)
--Calvin Cycle (endergonic)
--Be able to label basic diagrams of respiration and photosynthesis
--Be able explain the purposes of photosynthesis and respiration, and HOW they relate to
usable energy availability for organisms.
--Be able to explain how deforestation could potentially relate to global warming.
--Be able to explain how photosynthesis changed the composition of the atmosphere, and
life on Earth.
--Be able to explain why photosynthesis and respiration are complimentary reactions.
--Be able to explain how ATP releases energy and becomes ADP, and how ADP is
recycled (phosphorylated) and can become ATP again.
--Know what goes into and comes out of the overall reactions and steps of respiration and
photosynthesis
Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
Anaerobic respiration (2 kinds)
Lactic acid fermentation
Glycolysis
Fermentation (lactic acid produced)
Alcohol or Ethanol Fermentation
Glycolysis
Fermentation (ethanol and carbon dioxide produced)
--Be able to explain why yeast (unicellular organisms in the Kingdom Fungi) are used to
produce products such as alcoholic beverages and leavened bread based on the
PRODUCTS of the type of fermentation that they undergo.
--Be able to explain why people get sore after strenuous exercise based on the types of
respiration taking place in their muscle cells and the products produced.
--Be able to explain what happens in the two photosystems in the light reactions (see
diagram below).
--Be able to compare and contrast the photosynthesis and respiration reactions (think of at
least 3 similarities and differences).
--Label a diagram of a cross-section of a leaf (check the review packet).
What do you need to know?
--The full names of ATP and ADP
--glucose is (C6H12O6), carbon dioxide is (CO2), oxygen gas is (O2)
--The purpose of photosynthesis is principally to produce glucose (food which is stored
chemical energy in a usable form). The secondary purpose is to produce oxygen gas (a
byproduct of the reaction).
--The purpose of respiration is to break down food molecules (produced in
photosynthesis) for ENERGY (in the form of ATP).
--ALL organisms need energy, therefore all organisms respire (which can be aerobic or
anaerobic).
--Autotrophs or producers perform either photosynthesis or chemosynthesis to produce
food (organic molecules produced from inorganic molecules).
--Chemosynthesis is another chemical process that autotrophs can perform to
produce food molecules WITHOUT light. Examples of chemotrophs: tube worms
found at the bottom of the ocean and bacteria that live in the soil.
--Know examples of typical producers (from the textbook HW)
--Heterotrophs need to consume other organisms for fuel and nutrients. Heterotrophs are
also called CONSUMERS.
--The structure of leaves AND thylakoid membranes is ideal for capturing sunlight
energy (surface area to volume ratio)
--Photosynthesis takes place primarily in the mesophyll layers of leaves.
--Adaptations that land plants have for conserving water
--C4 & CAM plants (be able to explain the difference)
--smaller surface area to volume ratio (leaves are smaller & thicker)
--thicker waxy cuticle
--stomata are located on the lower epidermis
--The principle and accessory pigments involved in photosynthesis and the wavelengths
that they absorb and reflect.
--The most massive pigments are “dropped” first in chromatography (show up closest to
the initial line) & the least massive pigments travel the furthest.
--What goes into and comes out of the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis.
--The contributions of Priestly, Ingenhousz, and Senebier to the understanding of
photosynthesis.
--Priestly, oxygen is produced by plants through photosynthesis, which is required
for animals to survive.
--Ingenhousz, sunlight is required for photosynthesis to occur.
--Senebier, carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis and is incorporated into
glucose. Also, the release of oxygen accompanies the uptake of carbon dioxide in
the reaction.
You just need to know the basics, but there are more details here:
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Photosynthesis_history.html
--Know the NET gain of ATP molecules in aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
--Know whether aerobic or anaerobic respiration is more efficient.
Concept Map
Photosynthesis
includes
Light
independent
reactions
Light
dependent
reactions
uses
Light
Energy
Water
Thylakoid
membranes
to produce
ATP
NADPH
occurs in
occur in
Stroma
of
O2
Chloroplasts
uses
ATP
NADPH
CO2
to produce
Glucose
This is a diagram of the two photosystems involved in the light reactions of
photosynthesis. Notice that in Photosystem II (we referred to it as the water splitting
photosystem) water molecules are split and oxygen gas is released. Electrons from the
water molecule replace those electrons that were elevated to an excited state by light
energy and that will then move through the electron transport chain. ATP molecules are
produced in the electron transport chain, and will then power the Calvin cycle. In
Photosystem I (we referred to it as the NADPH-producing photosystem) electrons are
added to NADP+, thus resulting in the reduced form—NADPH. The function of NADPH
is to act as an electron carrier and transport electrons to the Calvin cycle, where they will
reduce carbon dioxide (resulting in carbon fixation and the production of glucose
molecules).