Gas
laws
备课时间： 2012 年 11 月 7 日
备课人：丁海林
【学习目标】After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
●describe how the pressure and volume of a gas sample are measured
● list and convert the units of pressure and volume
● explain and complete calculations using Boyle’s law and Charles’ law
● use the absolute temperature scale
●recall standard temperature and pressure conditions and standard laboratory conditions
●recognise the general gas equation and its units
●complete calculations using gas laws and gas equations
● use molar volume at STP and SLC to calculate the volume of a sample of gas
●complete problems using mass–volume and volume–volume stoichiometry.
【课前准备】
●知识再现
1.000 atm =
mmHg =
Pa =
kPa =
bar
●热身练习
The atmospheric pressure at the top of Mount Everest is 253 mmHg. What is the pressure in:
a atmospheres?
b pascals?
c kilopascals?
d bars?
●专业术语翻译
1.base peak___________________ 2.beamlines___________________
3.combined techniques___________________4.fragmentation___________________
5.free radicals___________________
6.gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ___________________
7.high performance liquid ___________________
8.chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) ___________________
9.mass spectrometry (MS) ___________________10.molecular ion___________________
11.parent molecular ion___________________12.synchrotron___________________
【构建化学】
● Boyle’s law：___________________
【例题解析】
An observation balloon is fi lled with helium gas to a volume of 40 L at a pressure of 1 atm.
Calculate the volume when the balloon rises to an altitude where the pressure is 0.2 atm, assuming
the temperature remains constant.
● Charles’ law___________________
1
【例题解析】
A balloon, infl ated outside on a hot day when the temperature is 40°C, has a volume of 5.0 L.
What would the volume of the balloon be when it is placed in a cool store at 5°C, assuming
the pressure remains constant?
●Amount of gas：___ V=kn
【例题解析】
A 0.10 mol sample of oxygen occupies 2.0 L. What volume would be occupied by 0.25 mol
of oxygen? Both samples are at the same temperature and pressure.
●Molar volume of a gas ：Vm=V∕n
At SLC Vm is
L mol−1
At STP is Vm is
L mol−1
【例题解析】
1.Calculate the amount of nitrogen gas in a volume of 6.1 L measured at SLC.
2.Determine the volume occupied by 16.0 g of oxygen gas (O2) at SLC.
【巩固提高】
1.Calculate the volume of the following gases at SLC.
a 1.4 mol of chlorine (Cl2)
b 1.0 × 10−3 mol of hydrogen (H2)
c 1.4 g of nitrogen (N2)
2.Calculate the mass of the following gas samples. All volumes are measured at SLC.
a 2.8 L of neon (Ne)
b 50 L of oxygen (O2)
c 140 mL of carbon dioxide (CO2)
2