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Nassau Community College
COURSE SYLLABUS
Anatomy & Physiology – AHS 131 – Lecture and Laboratory – 4 Credits
SEMESTER: Spring 2014
PHONE: 516-827-1933
INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Steven Lindner
eMAIL: Steven.Lindner@ ncc.edu
OFFICE:
CLASS MEETING TIME and ROOM:
COURSE DESCRIPTION
AHS 131 is designed to introduce the student to the basic anatomy and physiology of the
human body. Detailed analysis will then be given to the organization, chemical
composition, cellular components and composition, major tissues and organs systems of the
body. In addition, the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular,
and nervous system are discussed. This analysis entails both a microscopic anatomical
evaluation of tissues and a gross anatomical evaluation of the body form. Sufficient detail is
presented and reinforced to satisfy post-graduate requirements and prepare the student for
future health related studies.
COURSE OBJECTIVE
To provide the student with the vocabulary and critical thinking skills necessary to
understand and discuss the basic concepts of Human Anatomy & Physiology and to
formulate an understanding of the basic concepts of the chemical and the cellular levels of
organization as well as the design and function of the following human skeletal, muscular
and central and peripheral nervous systems.
To examine the wide variety of cellular functions and physiological processes, metabolism,
that enable the human organism to maintain a balanced internal environment, or
homeostasis.
COURSE CONTENT
·
The definition of anatomy and physiology, levels of body organization, life
processes, body fluids, homeostasis, and feedback systems.
·
The organization of matter, chemical bonds, chemical reactions, structure and
significance of the inorganic substances (water, acids, bases, and salts), pH, buffer
systems, enzymes, and the structure and significance of organic compounds
(carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids).
·
The parts of the cell, the plasma membrane, transport processes across the plasma
membrane, vesicular transport, the cytoplasm, the cytosol, and the organelles,
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including the cytoskeleton, centrosome, flagella and cilia, ribosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria, and the nucleus.
·
The types of tissues, classification of tissues, cell junctions, epithelial tissues
(including covering, lining and glandular epithelium), connective tissues (including
loose, dense regular and irregular, cartilage, and blood connective tissues),
membranes, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
·
The structure and function of the skin (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis) and its
epidermal derivatives, including hair, glands, and nails. Factors contributing to skin
color and deep wound healing, and a comparison of the structural and functional
differences in thin and thick skin.
·
The functions of the skeletal system, the structure and classification of bone,
histology of bone, the blood and nerve supply of bone, and intramembranous and
endochondral ossification. The physiology of bone growth in width and length, along
with the factors that affect bone growth and development. Bone remodeling as a
homeostatic process and bone’s role in calcium homeostasis. Fractures and the
effects of exercise on bone tissue. Osteoporosis, rickets and osteomalacia are
included as examples of homeostatic imbalances.
·
The various types of joints, structural classification (fibrous, cartilaginous, and
synovial), and functional classification (synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and
diarthroses) of joints. The anatomy, operation, and location of these classes of joints,
the movements of synovial joints, anatomy of the shoulder and knee joints. Clinical
disorders including torn cartilage, bursitis, sprain strain, rheumatism, and arthritis
are briefly studied.
·
The physiological characteristics of muscle tissue and its histological classification
into skeletal, cardiac, and smooth types, the connective tissue components of skeletal
muscle, the nerve and blood supply, the microscopic anatomy of a skeletal muscle
fiber including the sarcolemma, T tubules, sarcoplasm, myofibrils, sarcoplasmic
reticulum, filaments, sarcomere, and muscle proteins. The sliding filament
mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction and the relationship of neuromuscular
junction.
·
Muscle metabolism is broken down into the three sources for ATP production,
muscle fatigue, and oxygen debt. The multiple factors that combine to allow the
body to adjust muscle tension. Cardiac and smooth muscle are compared and
contrasted to skeletal muscle. Medical disorders including myasthenia gravis and
muscular dystrophy are discussed.
·
The relationship between bones and muscles, movement produced by skeletal
muscles relative to muscle attachment sites, lever systems and leverage, effects of
fascicle arrangement, and coordination within muscle groups. The criteria for
naming skeletal muscles. The general disorders discussed include running injuries
and compartment syndromes.
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·
The structures of the nervous system and their basic functions, along with the
organization of the nervous system. The histology of neurons and neuroglia, the
process of myelination, and the comparison between gray and white matter.
Electrical signals in neurons are discussed based upon ions channels, the resting
membrane potential, graded potentials, the action potential, saltatory conduction,
speed of nerve impulse conduction, and comparison of electrical signals produced
by excitable cells. Electrical and chemical synapses and excitatory and inhibitory
postsynaptic potentials, removal of neurotransmitters, and the different classes of
neurotransmitters.
·
The principal anatomical and functional features of the spinal cord and its
coverings, the meninges, and the vertebral column. The spinal cord is discussed in
terms of its functions as a conduction pathway and a reflex center. Reflexes are
explained, important reflexes are categorized according to type, and several
clinically important reflexes are discussed. The major nerves emerging from the
cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses are considered.
·
The principal anatomical and functional features of the brain, cranial meninges,
and blood supply, as well as the formation and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) is discussed. The brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum, basal
ganglia, limbic system, cerebral cortex areas and functions, and the function and
location of the cranial nerves are considered.
·
The comparison of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems (ANS), the anatomy
of the autonomic pathways includes discussions of the pre- and post-ganglionic
neurons and the autonomic ganglia and plexuses. The ANS neurotransmitters and
receptors are considered. The sympathetic and parasympathetic responses and the
autonomic innervation of each of the major body organs and glands. The control of
ANS functions by autonomic reflexes and higher brain centers concludes the study
of the ANS.
·
The meaning and levels of a sensation and the components of a sensation. Receptors
are studied in terms of structural classification, location (interoreceptors and
exteroreceptors), types of stimuli detected, and adaptation. The somatic sensations
examined include tactile sensations, thermal sensations, pain sensations, and
proprioceptive sensations (muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs).
ADOPTED TEXTBOOK
Martini, Frederick, (2008). PRINCIPLES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (9TH
edition). New York: Pearson Publishing
ADOPTED LABORATORY MANUAL
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Wood, Michael G. (2013). Laboratory Manual for Human Anatomy and Physiology: Main
Version, (5TH edition). New York: Pearson Publishing.
GRADING POLICY
1. Four (4) non-cumulative Lecture Exams.................................................... 50% of Final
Grade
All lecture exams will be announced in advance (see syllabus for Dates). Each exam will
consist of multiple-choice questions and true-false questions and is worth 100 points.
The lecture final exam will NOT be cumulative. Make-up exams will be available but
must be taken within 1 week of the scheduled exam or during a scheduled time that we
have agreed upon. These make up exams can be essay format. If you do not make up
the exam within 1 week you will receive a zero for that exam – NO EXCEPTIONS.
Therefore you MUST contact me immediately if you are ill and will miss an exam so
that we can schedule your make up exam. Please provide a doctor’s note if possible for
your absence. ALL exams count toward your final grade. We do not drop the lowest
grade.
2. Four (4) non-cumulative Laboratory Exams…………………………….. 50% of Final
Grade
All laboratory exams will be announced in advance (see syllabus for Dates). Each exam
will consist of 50 fill-in-the-blank questions relating to histological specimens,
anatomical models and any additional information at the discretion of the instructor.
Make-up exams are at the discretion of the instructor and may NOT be available.
ALL exams count toward your final grade. We do not drop the lowest grade.
3. An extra point may be added to your Final Overall Average with good attendance and
class participation.
YOUR FINAL COURSE GRADE THAT IS REPORTED TO THE REGISTRAR WILL
CONSIST OF
50% OF THE FINAL LECTURE GRADE ADDED TO 50% OF THE FINAL
LABORATORY GRADE.
ATTENDANCE POLICY:
Attendance to lectures and laboratories is mandatory. Unexcused absences in excess of
10% of the total class meeting time may result in being dropped from the class. Active
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participation in class discussions and laboratory exercises is vital to learning. The lectures,
discussions, and laboratory exercises adhere to the syllabus and the examinations and
quizzes are based primarily (but not entirely) on the lecture notes which may include
information not discussed in the textbook. In general, students who do not attend lecture
and laboratory on a regular basis usually perform inadequately on the examinations. The
lecture period also provides the student with an opportunity to have their questions
answered. Therefore, attendance, participation and homework are required and will be
considered when computing the final grade. Students who anticipate the necessity of being
absent from a scheduled examination for ANY reason must provide notice of the date(s) to
the instructor at the beginning of the semester, preferably in writing.
Each UNEXCUSED absence causes credit to be deducted from the FINAL GRADE
calculation. If any student accumulates TWO (2) UNEXCUSED absences from the lecture
classes and
TWO (2) UNEXCUSED absences from the laboratory sessions (for a total of FOUR (4)
UNEXCUSED absences), he or she will receive a FAILING grade.
ACADEMIC HONESTY and INTEGRITY STATEMENT
All students are expected to abide by the College’s Policy on Academic Honesty. This policy
may be viewed in the Nassau Community College Catalogue. Procedures for Handling
Violations of Academic Honesty by Students at Nassau Community College are detailed in
Faculty Policy Series #ll (rev. 2004.)
It is expected that every student conduct themselves in an academically honest manner. A
zero-tolerance policy toward cheating will be enforced. Any student who knowingly uses
unauthorized materials during an exam, copies or shares information from the test of
another student, or submits someone’s work or words as their own, will receive a zero
score on the examination or assignment and be reported to the Department Chair and the
Dean of Students.
DISABILTY RELATED CONCERNS
If you have a physical, psychological, medical or learning disability that may have an
impact on your ability to carry out the assigned coursework, I urge you to contact the staff
at the Center for Students with Disabilities (CSD), Building U, (516) 572-7241, TTY (516)
572-7617. The counselors at CSD will review your concerns and determine to what
reasonable accommodations you are entitled as covered by the Americans with Disabilities
Act and section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. All information and documentation
pertaining to personal disabilities will be kept confidential.
HOMEWORK
Please read the appropriate textbook chapters and Laboratory Exercises prior to the
scheduled class in order to enhance your understanding of the information presented.
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Present questions about material you do not understand in class and lab so that the
instructor can clarify this information for you.
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Please turn all cell phones, I pods and the like OFF (not vibrate or silence mode) prior to
the beginning of the lecture classes and the laboratory sessions and refrain from reading
the newspaper, conducting distracting conversations, doing work for other courses and
surfing the world wide web. If you are using your phone, etcetera during class you will be
asked to leave class and you will miss the material and be marked absent for that class.
Videotaping of the Lecture and/or Laboratory classes is at the discretion of the instructor.
You must ask for your instructor’s permission prior to any taping or recording.
No disruptive or disrespectful behavior will be tolerated at any time. Please respect your
instructor and your fellow classmates.
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Students not meeting the above expectations will be graded on the material submitted prior
to the last day of class. A grade of INCOMPLETE will be considered only upon
consultation with the instructor. Students are encouraged to contact the instructor in
person or by e-mail for questions about the course content and their grades.
OFFICIAL WITHDRAWALS from the class are authorized by the instructor of the
Lecture Class. The student must fill out an official withdrawal form and this form must be
signed by the instructor. UNOFFICIAL WITHDRAWALS will result in a FAILING grade
(F) for the course.
There are no extra credit assignments to improve your grade average.
The course POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS are available on AHS Common
Blackboard site (accessible through ncc.edu). Instructors can use Blackboard to distribute
announcements, syllabi, class notes, grades, etcetera. Therefore, check it often.
Communication via e-mail may also be utilized through the students’ official NCC account.
The instructor reserves the right to revise or amend these requirements and/or the grading
criteria, as necessary.
GRADING SCALE (No Deviations Are Permitted):
GRADE
TOTAL AVERAGE
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A
90 to 100
B+
85 to 89
B
80 to 84
C+
75 to 79
C
70 to 74
D+
65 to 69
D
60 to 64
F
Less than 59
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LECTURE SCHEDULE
ALL POWERPOINTS can be downloaded at www.NutritionChiroDoc.com
Link on left Anatomy NCC Lecture PPT’s
#1.Physiology Principles
#2.Chemistry
#3.Cells: The living Unit
#4.Tissues
#5.EXAM 1
1
2
3
4
1-4 & Powerpoints
#6.
#7.
#8
#9
5
6
7
5-7 & Powerpoints
Integumentary
Bones and Skeletal Tissue
Skeleton Axial & Appendicular
EXAM 2
#10 Muscular System
#11 Neural System
#12 EXAM 3
10
11
10-11 & Powerpoints
#13 Neurophysiology,spinal cord,nerves,reflexes
#14 Brain, Cranial Nerves, Special Senses
#15 Neural review
11,12
13,14
Final Exam 100 Questions
11-15 & Powerpoints
ALL 4 EXAMS ARE NON-CUMULATIVE. ALL 4 EXAMS COUNT TOWARDS YOUR FINAL GRADE. MAKE UP
EXAMS CAN BE WRITTEN ESSAY FORMAT.
HOMEWORK EACH WEEK IS TO READ THE CHAPTER AND ANSWER PRACTICE QUESTIONS AT THE END
OF THE CHAPTER PRIOR TO CLASS. For example, if we will be covering chapter 2 in class, please read that
chapter prior to class. I will be covering the material at a rapid pace, going over the major topics from that
chapter, if you have not reviewed that chapter prior to class you might be confused during the lecture and
you will not be able to ask questions about the material you have read.
IN ADDITION, YOU ARE TO REVIEW AND FILL IN THE DEFINITIONS FOUND IN YOUR STUDY OUTLINE
PRIOR TO OUR CLASS MEETING FOR THAT CHAPTER. This will allow you to ask questions about terms
you did not understand or were confusing. YOU ARE RESPONSIBILE FOR and WILL BE TESTED ON ALL
THE CHAPTERS ON THIS CURRICULUM.
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TENTATIVE SCHEDULE FOR LAB AND EXAMINATIONS
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I LABORATORY (AHS 131)
E Building, Room 107
WEEK 1:
WEEK 2:
WEEK 3:
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Safety
Intro to Anatomy and Physiology:
CAVITIES, SEROUS MEMBRANE
Exercise 3
Organ Systems Overview:
NOT CAT OVERVIEW
Exercise 4
Microscope
Exercises 5
01-28-14
Anatomy of the Cell, MITOSIS
Exercise 12
Body Membranes - BASIC
Exercise 7
(Begin Discussion)
Epithelial Tissue - DETAIL
Exercise 8
(Begin Discussion)
Connective Tissue - DETAIL
Exercise 9
(Begin Discussion)
Muscle Tissue - BASIC
Exercise 10 (Begin Discussion)
Nervous Tissue - BASIC
USE MICROSCOPE TO VIEW HISTOLOGY SLIDES
Exercise 7
Exercise 8
Exercise 9
Exercise 10
Exercise 11
NO CLASS
01-21-14
02-04-14
Epithelial Tissue - DETAIL
02-04-14
Connective Tissue - DETAIL
02-04-14
Muscle Tissue - BASIC
02-04-14
Nervous Tissue - BASIC
USE MICROSCOPE TO VIEW HISTOLOGY SLIDES
02-11-14
Integumentary System
SHOWS ALL 4 TISSUE TYPES BLENDED TOGETHER
WINTER RECESS
02-17-14
CONTINUE TO READ EXERCISES
WEEK 5:
EXAM 1
02-25-14
(covers exercises 1,2,3,4,5,12,7,8,9,10,11)
Set up, administer exam, review exam, give overview of next exercises.
WEEK 6:
Exercise 13
Exercise 14
Exercise 15
Exercise 16
WEEK 7:
Exercise 14
Exercise 15
Exercise 16
03-04-14
Organization of Skeletal System
OSTEON, “SWISS CHEESE”
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Articulations: DISCUSS MOVEMENT PATTERNS,
RANGE OF MOTION, USE BONES and SKELETON
TO ILLUSTRATE MAJOR JOINTS OF BODY
03-11-14
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Articulations: DISCUSS MOVEMENT PATTERNS,
WEEK 8:
Exercise 14
Exercise 15
Exercise 16
RANGE OF MOTION, USE BONES and SKELETON
TO ILLUSTRATE MAJOR JOINTS OF BODY
03-18-14
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Articulations: DISCUSS MOVEMENT PATTERNS,
RANGE OF MOTION, USE BONES and SKELETON
TO ILLUSTRATE MAJOR JOINTS OF BODY
WEEK 9:
EXAM 2
03-25-14
(covers 14, 15, 16)
Set up, administer exam, review exam, give overview of next exercises.
WEEK 10:
Exercise 17
04-01-14
Organization of Skeletal Muscle –DETAIL
3 TYPES OF MUSCLES + MODELS,
ORGANELLES OF MUSCLE CELL
Exercise 18
Muscles of the Head and Neck
Exercise 19
Muscles of the Vertebral Column,
Abdomen, and Pelvis.
Exercise 20
Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and
Upper Limb.
Exercise 21
Muscles of the Pelvis Girdle and
Lower Limb.
WEEK 11
Exercise 18
04-08-14
Muscles of the Head and Neck
Exercise 19
Muscles of the Vertebral Column,
Abdomen, and Pelvis.
Exercise 20
Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and
Upper Limb.
Exercise 21
Muscles of the Pelvis Girdle and
Lower Limb.
NO CLASS SPRING RECESS
04-14-14
CONTINUE TO READ CHAPTERS
WEEK 12:
Exercise 18
Exercise 19
04-22-14
Muscles of the Head and Neck
Muscles of the Vertebral Column,
Abdomen, and Pelvis.
Exercise 20
Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and
Upper Limb.
Exercise 21
Muscles of the Pelvis Girdle and
Lower Limb.
WEEK 13:
EXAM 3
04-29-14
(covers 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
Set up, administer exam, review exam, give overview of next exercises.
WEEK 14:
Exercise 23
Exercise 24
Exercise 25
Exercise 29
Exercise 31
05-06-14
Organization of the Nervous System
Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Reflexes
Anatomy of the Brain – BASIC
Anatomy of the Eye + BASIC FUNCTION
Anatomy of the Ear + BASIC FUNCTION
WEEK 15:
Exercise 24
Exercise 25
Exercise 29
Exercise 31
05-13-14
Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Reflexes
Anatomy of the Brain – BASIC
Anatomy of the Eye + BASIC FUNCTION
Anatomy of the Ear + BASIC FUNCTION
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1
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WEEK 16:
EXAM 4
05-20-14 (covers chapters 23, 24, 25, 29, 31)
Set up, administer exam and review exam.
EXAMS ARE NON-CUMULATIVE. ALL 4 EXAMS COUNT TOWARDS YOUR FINALGRADE.
HOMEWORK EACH WEEK IS TO READ THE EXERCISES AND ANSWER LAB QUESTIONS IN THE
LAB REPORT PRIOR TO OUR CLASS MEETING. For example, if we will be covering exercise 25 in
class, please read that exercise prior to class. We will be covering the material at a rapid pace,
going over the major topics from that exercise, if you have not reviewed that exercise prior to
class you might be confused during the lab and you will not be able to ask questions about the
material you have read. IN ADDITION, YOU ARE TO REVIEW AND FILL IN THE LAB REPORTS.
YOU ARE RESPONSIBILE FOR and WILL BE TESTED ON ALL THE EXERCISES ABOVE.