CP Biology 11-12 Exam Name: ___________________ Read each set of directions carefully. Use blue or black ink or pencil only. Read each question and possible answer carefully, then print the CAPITAL letter of the best answer on the line provided. 1) _____ Any substance that increases the risk of cancer. A) Carcinogen B) Mutagen C) Oncogene 2) _____ Any substance that causes mutations to occur within the cell. A) Carcinogen B) Mutagen C) Oncogene 3) _____ A gene that causes cancer or other uncontrolled cell proliferation. A) Carcinogen B) Mutagen C) Oncogene 4) _____ A malignant tumor found in bone or muscle tissue. A) Sarcoma B) Carcinoma C) Lymphoma 5) _____ Type of tumor that is not immediately health threatening and does not spread. A) Benign tumor B) Malignant tumor C) Metastasis 6) _____ Type of tumor that is immediately health threatening and does spread. A) Benign tumor B) Malignant tumor C) Metastasis 7) _____ Malignant tumor found in skin and the tissue that lines the organs. A) Sarcoma B) Carcinoma C) Lymphoma 8) _____ Malignant tumor found in the tissues that produce blood cells. A) Sarcoma B) Carcinoma C) Lymphoma 9) _____ The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site. A) Benign tumor B) Malignant tumor C) Metastasis 10) _____ The presence of a gene on a sex chromosome is called a; A) Sex linked trait B) Sex Influenced traits C) Sex Chromosomes 11) _____ Term for a mutation in a gamete. A) Germ cell mutations B) Somatic cell mutations C) Lethal mutations 12) _____ Term for a mutation in a somatic cell. A) Germ cell mutations B) Somatic cell mutations C) Lethal mutations 13) _____ The loss of a piece of a chromosome due to chromosomal breakage. A) Deletion B) Inversion C) Translocation 14) _____ The breaking off of a chromosome piece that then reattaches to the same chromosome. A) Deletion B) Inversion C) Translocation 15) _____ The breaking off of a chromosome piece that then reattaches to a nonhomologous chromosome. A) Deletion B) Inversion C) Translocation 16) _____ The substitution, addition or removal of a single nucleotide. A) Point mutation B) Deletion C) Inversion 17) _____ A short section of DNA that is known to have a close association with a particular gene. A) Alleles B) Genetic Marker C) Pedigree 18) _____ Traits that are controlled by three or more alleles of the same gene. A) Multiple Allele traits B) Single Allele traits C) Polygenic traits 19) _____ The chromosomes that are involved in sex determination. A) Sex Chromosomes B) Autosomes C) Alleles 20) _____ A family record that shows how a trait is passed over several generations. A) Karyotype B) Pedigree C) Monosomy 21) _____ Individuals that have one recessive autosomal allele. A) Karyotype B) Carrier C) Homozygous 22) _____ All of the chromosomes not involved in sex determination. A) Sex Chromosomes B) Autosomes C) Alleles 23) _____ All of the alternate forms of a gene are called what? A) Karyotype B) Autosomes C) Alleles 24) _____ Diseases or conditions that have a genetic basis. A) Genetic Disorders B) Genetic screening. C) Amniocentesis. 25) _____ Traits controlled by a single allele of a gene. A) Multiple Allele traits B) Single Allele traits C) Polygenic traits 26) _____ Traits that are controlled by more than one gene. A) Multiple Allele traits B) Single Allele traits C) Polygenic traits 27) _____ Traits that are influenced by the presence of male or female hormones. A) Sex linked trait B) Sex Influenced traits C) Sex Chromosomes 28) _____ The failure of chromosomes to separate during cell division. A) Inversion B) Insertion C) Nondisjunction 29) _____ Condition resulting from having one too few chromosomes. A) Trisomy B) Monosomy C) Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 30) _____ Condition resulting from having one too many chromosomes. A) Trisomy B) Monosomy C) Huntington’s Disease 31) _____ An examination of a persons genetic makeup is called; A) Genetic screening. B) Karyotype C) Genetic counseling. 32) _____ A picture of a persons chromosomes arranged in their pairs. A) Chorionic Villi Sampling B) Genetic screening. C) Karyotype 33) _____ Medical guidance that informs couples about the potential problems that could affect their children is called; A) Genetic Screening B) Genetic counseling C) Amniocentesis 34) _____ A procedure in which a Dr. removes a small amount of amniotic fluid from the amnion, cells within this fluid are then grown in a lab and a karyotype of the fetus can be constructed is called; A) Chorionic Villi Sampling B) Phenylketonuria C) Amniocentesis 35) _____ A small piece of the tissue that grows between the uterus and the placenta is removed and from it a karyotype of the fetus is completed. A) Chorionic Villi Sampling B) Phenylketonuria C) Amniocentesis 36) _____ A genetic disorder in which the body cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. The build up of phenylalanine can cause brain damage if the individual is not placed on a special diet. A) PKU B) Trisomy C) Sickle Cell Anemia Read each question carefully then print your complete answer in the space provided. List 2 ways in which cancer cells differ from normal cells. 37) _____________________________________________________ 38) _____________________________________________________ 39) Why might x-rays be more dangerous to an ovary or testes than to muscle tissue? _____________________________________________________ 40) How does cell differentiation differ from morphogenesis? _____________________________________________________ 41) What does it mean to be “genetically predisposed” to cancer? _____________________________________________________ List 2 traits that make Drosophilia a very good lab organism. 42) _______________________________________________________ 43) _______________________________________________________ 44) Type of mutation that occurs when an insertion or deletion of nucleotides occurs, that are not in multiples of 3. _______________________________________________________ 45) Which sex chromosome contains the most genes? _______________________________________________________ List the 4 blood types found in humans and all possible allele combinations within those blood types. 46) _______________________________________________________ 47) _______________________________________________________ 48) _______________________________________________________ 49) _______________________________________________________ 50) Completely discuss any of the genetic disorders we mentioned in class.