Modern World History Unit 1 Vocabulary:
Foundations of World Civilization and Religions
1. Abraham
12. Four Noble Truths
2. Bible
13. Hinduism
3. Buddhism
14. Islam
4. Caliph
15. Jerusalem
5. Caste
16. Jesus of Nazareth
6. Christianity
17. Judaism
7. Confucianism
18. Karma
8. Dharma
19. Koran (Qu’ran)
9. Eightfold Path
20. Mecca
10. Enlightenment
21. Monotheism
11. Five Pillars of Islam
22. Muhammad
23. Nirvana
32. Torah
24. Papacy
33. Aztec empire
25. Polytheism
34. Incan empire
26. Reincarnation
35. Ming dynasty
27. Roman Catholicism
36. Mughal Empire
28. Shi’a
37. Ottoman Empire
29. Siddhartha Gautama
38. Safavid Empire
30. Sunni
39. Songhai Empire
31. Ten Commandments
40. Tokugawa Shogunate
Holy text of the Christian religion
Islamic ruler
Islamic civilization that ruled
India from 1526 to 1857
Powerful military leadership that
ruled over Japan from the early
1600s to late 1800s
Religion with no one sacred
leader that originated in India
Islam’s holy text
Monotheistic religion that
originated amongst the Hebrew’s
Social classes into which people
are born in Vedic and Hindi
cultures
Sought out by Buddhist; it is the
release from the cycle of rebirth
Islamic civilization that existed
from the mid 1500s to mid
1600s; was located in presentday Iran
Scared tenets (key concepts or
values) and central doctrine of
Buddhism
Branch of the Christian religion
originating in the former western
Roman empire; the pope is the
leader
Founder of Buddhism
Holy city that holds sacred
religious sites for Jews, Muslims,
and Christians
Believed by Christians to be the
son of God
Larger branch of Islam in which
Empire stretching South
America’s west coast; known for
its impressive networks of roads
Religion founded by Jesus of
Nazareth and his disciples
Religion founded by Muhammad;
sacred text is the Qu’ran
Belief in one god
Sacred tenets (key concepts or
values) of Islam
One of the oldest religions;
founded by Siddhartha Gautama
near present-day Nepal
“Father” of the (Israelites)
Hebrews
As described by Buddha: “Right
views, right aspirations, right
speech, right conduct, right
livelihood, right effort, right
mindfulness, and right
contemplation”
Smaller branch of Islam in which
members believe that the leader
of the religion should be related
to Muhammad himself
Hindu concept of harmony in the
Islamic civilization founded by
Turkish nomads; ruled central
Asia and parts of Europe and N.
Africa from 1453 to 1900s;
leader Suleiman ruled during a
“golden age”
Site of holy pilgrimage for many
Muslim people; birthplace of
Muhammad
Rebirth of the soul into another
bodily form; concept central to
Hinduism
Hebrew’s sacred text
Belief in many gods
The leadership of the pope
Rule of China from the late 1300s
to mid 1600s; known for
successful exploration and
expedition
West African civilization that
rose to power after the Kingdom
of Mali declined
Received “revelations” from
Allah (God); founder of Islam
American empire located in
present-day Mexico; known to
practice human sacrifice (!)
A philosophy practiced in China
that emphasized ethics and
loyalty
Hindu belief that all thought and
actions result in future
consequences
Central moral beliefs/code of
members believe that the
members of the religion should
be chosen from the Muslim
community
According to Buddhism, if one
follows the Eightfold Path, he or
she will reach _____________________.
universe
conduct for the Jewish religion